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13 13  {{box cssClass="box_green"}}
14 14  == SDMX Implementation ==
15 15  
16 -International standards like Statistical Data and Metadata eXchange ([[SDMX>>https://sdmx.org/||rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"]]) have provided a robust foundation for metadata exchange in official statistics. However, our experience has revealed significant limitations influencing the achievement of semantic interoperability. SKMS addresses these gaps by integrating SDMX structures into a semantic interpretation environment via the Interoperability Basis platform. The platform supports semantic alignment, enrichment, and publication of data exchange standards using a knowledge management system, modeling tools, namespace control, and persistent URI infrastructure.
16 +International standards like Statistical Data and Metadata eXchange (SDMX) have provided a robust foundation for metadata exchange in official statistics. However, our experience has revealed significant limitations influencing the achievement of semantic interoperability. SKMS addresses these gaps by integrating SDMX structures into a semantic interpretation environment via the Interoperability Basis platform. The platform supports semantic alignment, enrichment, and publication of data exchange standards using a knowledge management system, modeling tools, namespace control, and persistent URI infrastructure.
17 17  {{/box}}
18 18  
19 19  == Linked Data ==
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28 28  
29 29  Another priority of HLG-MOS is the development of rich (“[[smart>>http://cosmos-conference.org/index.html||rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"]]”) metadata — metadata that is standardised (understandable and reusable across contexts), active (capable of driving statistical processes), and aligned with the [[FAIR principles>>https://www.go-fair.org/||rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"]] : Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable.
30 30  
31 -We share these goals and move forward in step with [[HLG-MOS>>https://unece.org/statistics/networks-of-experts/high-level-group-modernisation-statistical-production-and-services||rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"]] initiatives — SKMS already reflects key principles and objectives that resonate with this international agenda.
31 +We share these goals and move forward in step with HLG-MOS initiatives — SKMS already reflects key principles and objectives that resonate with this international agenda.
32 32  
33 33  A key enabler of [[FAIR>>https://www.go-fair.org/||rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"]] implementation in statistics is the use of semantic technologies for both data dissemination and the formalization of knowledge in the form of semantic models (semantic assets). Semantic assets (SAs) are reusable formal representations of data such as: (1) metadata schemas (e.g. XML or RDF), (2) core data models or common models, (3) ontologies, thesauri, and reference data (e.g. code lists, taxonomies, glossaries). These assets are published as open data standards and used in the development of knowledge management systems, harmonizing indicators and classifications, and preparing LOSD. Semantic models support unambiguous interpretation, semantic search, and the discovery of data across disparate sources.
34 34  
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84 84  
85 85  The Semantic Knowledge Management System relies on a set of well-established [[Semantic Web>>https://www.w3.org/standards/||rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"]] standards and vocabularies:
86 86  
87 -* [[**FOAF (Friend Of A Friend)**>>https://xmlns.com/foaf/spec/||rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"]] – a vocabulary of named properties and classes for describing people and their relationships, built using RDF and OWL.
88 -* [[**vCard (The Electronic Business Card)**>>https://www.w3.org/TR/vcard-rdf/||rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"]] – a data format for representing and exchanging contact information about individuals and organizations (e.g. for phonebooks or email clients).
89 -* [[**OWL (Web Ontology Language)**>>https://www.w3.org/OWL/||rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"]] – a language for defining and linking ontologies, supporting formal descriptions of concepts, properties, and relationships in the [[Semantic Web>>https://www.w3.org/standards/||rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"]].
90 -* [[**Dublin Core™ Metadata Initiative (DCMI)**>>https://www.dublincore.org/specifications/dublin-core/dces/||rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"]] – a standard set of metadata terms used to describe a wide range of resources, including elements, encoding schemes, and syntax guidelines.
91 -* [[**RDF 1.1 Concepts and Abstract Syntax**>>https://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/||rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"]] – the foundational knowledge representation model of the [[Semantic Web>>https://www.w3.org/standards/||rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"]], defining how RDF data is structured using triples.
92 -* [[**RDFS (RDF Schema 1.1)**>>https://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-schema/||rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"]] – a vocabulary extension to RDF, providing classes and properties for defining basic ontologies and structuring RDF resources.
93 -* [[**RDF Data Cube Vocabulary**>>https://www.w3.org/TR/vocab-data-cube/||rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"]] – a W3C vocabulary for publishing multidimensional statistical data in RDF, compatible with the SDMX cube model.
94 -* [[**SDMX (Statistical Data and Metadata Exchange)**>>https://sdmx.org/||rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"]] – an international standard for the exchange of statistical data and metadata, supported by key statistical organizations.
95 -* [[**SKOS (Simple Knowledge Organization System)**>>https://www.w3.org/TR/skos-reference/||rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"]] – a W3C standard for representing knowledge organization systems such as thesauri, taxonomies, and classifications.
96 -* [[**SKOS-XL (SKOS eXtension for Labels)**>>https://www.w3.org/TR/skos-reference/skos-xl.html||rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"]] – an extension of SKOS that allows for richer descriptions and relationships between lexical labels.
97 -* [[**XKOS (SKOS extension for statistical classifications)**>>https://rdf-vocabulary.ddialliance.org/xkos.html||rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"]] – a vocabulary extending SKOS for describing statistical classifications and code lists, jointly developed by INSEE and Eurostat.
87 +* [[**FOAF (Friend Of A Friend)**>>https://xmlns.com/foaf/spec/]] – a vocabulary of named properties and classes for describing people and their relationships, built using RDF and OWL.
88 +* [[**vCard (The Electronic Business Card)**>>https://www.w3.org/TR/vcard-rdf/]] – a data format for representing and exchanging contact information about individuals and organizations (e.g. for phonebooks or email clients).
89 +* **OWL (Web Ontology Language)** – a language for defining and linking ontologies, supporting formal descriptions of concepts, properties, and relationships in the [[Semantic Web>>https://www.w3.org/standards/||rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"]].
90 +[[https:~~/~~/www.w3.org/OWL/>>url:https://www.w3.org/OWL/||rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"]]
91 +* **Dublin Core™ Metadata Initiative (DCMI)** – a standard set of metadata terms used to describe a wide range of resources, including elements, encoding schemes, and syntax guidelines.
92 +[[https:~~/~~/www.dublincore.org/specifications/dublin-core/dces/>>https://https:www.dublincore.orgspecificationsdublin-coredces||rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"]]
93 +* **RDF 1.1 Concepts and Abstract Syntax** – the foundational knowledge representation model of the [[Semantic Web>>https://www.w3.org/standards/||rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"]], defining how RDF data is structured using triples.
94 +[[https:~~/~~/www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/>>url:https://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/||rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"]]
95 +* **RDFS (RDF Schema 1.1)** – a vocabulary extension to RDF, providing classes and properties for defining basic ontologies and structuring RDF resources.
96 +[[https:~~/~~/www.w3.org/TR/rdf-schema/>>url:https://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-schema/||rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"]]
97 +* **RDF Data Cube Vocabulary** – a W3C vocabulary for publishing multidimensional statistical data in RDF, compatible with the SDMX cube model.
98 +[[https:~~/~~/www.w3.org/TR/vocab-data-cube/>>url:https://www.w3.org/TR/vocab-data-cube/||rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"]]
99 +* **SDMX (Statistical Data and Metadata Exchange)** – an international standard for the exchange of statistical data and metadata, supported by key statistical organizations.
100 +[[https:~~/~~/sdmx.org/>>url:https://sdmx.org/||rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"]]
101 +* **SKOS (Simple Knowledge Organization System)** – a W3C standard for representing knowledge organization systems such as thesauri, taxonomies, and classifications.
102 +[[https:~~/~~/www.w3.org/TR/skos-reference/>>url:https://www.w3.org/TR/skos-reference/||rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"]]
103 +* **SKOS-XL (SKOS eXtension for Labels)** – an extension of SKOS that allows for richer descriptions and relationships between lexical labels.
104 +[[https:~~/~~/www.w3.org/TR/skos-reference/skos-xl.html>>url:https://www.w3.org/TR/skos-reference/skos-xl.html||rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"]]
105 +* **XKOS (SKOS extension for statistical classifications)** – a vocabulary extending SKOS for describing statistical classifications and code lists, jointly developed by INSEE and Eurostat.
106 +[[https:~~/~~/rdf-vocabulary.ddialliance.org/xkos.html>>url:https://rdf-vocabulary.ddialliance.org/xkos.html||rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"]]