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Version 10.1 by Artur on 2025/06/26 11:32
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1 There are some bas{{{(i)}}}c funct{{{(i)}}}ons of PES that are an {{{(i)}}}mportant foundat{{{(i)}}}on for understand{{{(i)}}}ng and del{{{(i)}}}ver{{{(i)}}}ng h{{{(i)}}}gh qual{{{(i)}}}ty serv{{{(i)}}}ces to help to develop and del{{{(i)}}}ver eff{{{(i)}}}c{{{(i)}}}ent labour markets. Th{{{(i)}}}s sect{{{(i)}}}on prov{{{(i)}}}des an overv{{{(i)}}}ew of some of the key concepts that PES or [[employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]] m{{{(i)}}}n{{{(i)}}}str{{{(i)}}}es should be aware of.
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3 The box below outl{{{(i)}}}nes the v{{{(i)}}}ew of PES core serv{{{(i)}}}ces and trends accord{{{(i)}}}ng to the ILO.
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5 {{box}}
6 Box 1. PES core serv{{{(i)}}}ces accord{{{(i)}}}ng to the ILO{{footnote}}ILO (2019) ‘F{{{(i)}}}fth Meet{{{(i)}}}ng of the SRM TWG: Exam{{{(i)}}}nat{{{(i)}}}on of {{{(i)}}}ns truments concern{{{(i)}}}ng employment pol{{{(i)}}}cy and promot{{{(i)}}}on – Techn{{{(i)}}}cal note 2: Ins truments concern{{{(i)}}}ng publ{{{(i)}}}c employment serv{{{(i)}}}ces’ ([[https://www.{{{(i)}}}lo.org/wcmsp5/groups/publ{{{(i)}}}c/---ed_norm/---normes/documents/gener{{{(i)}}}cdocument/wcms_715384.pdf]]) {{/footnote}}
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8 The ILO’s Employment Serv{{{(i)}}}ce Convent{{{(i)}}}on of 1948 (No. 88) and the Employment Serv{{{(i)}}}ce Recommendat{{{(i)}}}on of 1948 (No. 33) {{{(i)}}}nclude {{{(i)}}}mportant {{{(i)}}}nformat{{{(i)}}}on on the role of PES. They see
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10 PES as ‘a key {{{(i)}}}nst{{{(i)}}}tut{{{(i)}}}on {{{(i)}}}mplement{{{(i)}}}ng employment and labour market pol{{{(i)}}}c{{{(i)}}}es.’ The future of work presents PES w{{{(i)}}}th complex challenges that {{{(i)}}}ncludes:
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12 * Polar{{{(i)}}}sat{{{(i)}}}on of job opportun{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es {{{(i)}}}n the labour market between h{{{(i)}}}ghly sk{{{(i)}}}lled and low sk{{{(i)}}}lled workers;
13 * Polar{{{(i)}}}sat{{{(i)}}}on between permanent workers, unemployed and those who are under-employed; u
14 * Older workers need{{{(i)}}}ng to stay act{{{(i)}}}ve {{{(i)}}}n the labour market for longer.
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16 As a result, {{{(i)}}}n many countr{{{(i)}}}es the serv{{{(i)}}}ces offered by PES have expanded and d{{{(i)}}}vers{{{(i)}}}f{{{(i)}}}ed from job match{{{(i)}}}ng to:
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18 * Enhanc{{{(i)}}}ng employab{{{(i)}}}l{{{(i)}}}ty;
19 * Address{{{(i)}}}ng sk{{{(i)}}}ll m{{{(i)}}}smatches;
20 * L{{{(i)}}}nk{{{(i)}}}ng support to employers and workers v{{{(i)}}}a act{{{(i)}}}ve labour market programmes (ALMPs).
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22 S{{{(i)}}}nce the f{{{(i)}}}nanc{{{(i)}}}al cr{{{(i)}}}s{{{(i)}}}s of 2008-2009, there has been a grow{{{(i)}}}ng demand {{{(i)}}}n many countr{{{(i)}}}es to develop ev{{{(i)}}}dence-based pol{{{(i)}}}cy mak{{{(i)}}}ng that expands job opportun{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es for all workers. Work {{{(i)}}}s undergo{{{(i)}}}ng to create stronger l{{{(i)}}}nkages between pol{{{(i)}}}cy mak{{{(i)}}}ng and employment support act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es.
23 W{{{(i)}}}th a v{{{(i)}}}ew of the future of work, the ILO publ{{{(i)}}}shed the Global Comm{{{(i)}}}ss{{{(i)}}}on on the Future of Work {{{(i)}}}n January 2019. Th{{{(i)}}}s calls for:
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25 * Greater {{{(i)}}}mportance of PES, part{{{(i)}}}cularly {{{(i)}}}n the role of support{{{(i)}}}ng trans{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}ons {{{(i)}}}n the labour market;
26 * Greater {{{(i)}}}nvestment {{{(i)}}}n related {{{(i)}}}nst{{{(i)}}}tut{{{(i)}}}ons, pol{{{(i)}}}c{{{(i)}}}es and strateg{{{(i)}}}es;
27 * Invest{{{(i)}}}ng {{{(i)}}}n PES, f{{{(i)}}}nanc{{{(i)}}}ally and v{{{(i)}}}a resourc{{{(i)}}}ng;
28 * Del{{{(i)}}}ver{{{(i)}}}ng jobseeker serv{{{(i)}}}ces v{{{(i)}}}a face to face and, {{{(i)}}}ncreas{{{(i)}}}ngly, v{{{(i)}}}a d{{{(i)}}}g{{{(i)}}}tal serv{{{(i)}}}ces; and
29 * Improv{{{(i)}}}ng the ava{{{(i)}}}lab{{{(i)}}}l{{{(i)}}}ty of labour market {{{(i)}}}nformat{{{(i)}}}on to support dec{{{(i)}}}s{{{(i)}}}on-mak{{{(i)}}}ng processes.
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31 In l{{{(i)}}}ght of these calls for act{{{(i)}}}ons, PES should also {{{(i)}}}ncreas{{{(i)}}}ngly work {{{(i)}}}n collaborat{{{(i)}}}on w{{{(i)}}}th other partner organ{{{(i)}}}sat{{{(i)}}}ons.
32 {{/box}}
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36 **Table 1.1 Key concepts for employment support**
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38 (% style="w{{{(i)}}}dth:763.446px" %)
39 |Concept|(% style="w{{{(i)}}}dth:569px" %)Descr{{{(i)}}}pt{{{(i)}}}on
40 |Act{{{(i)}}}ve labour market programmes|(% style="w{{{(i)}}}dth:569px" %)These programmes usually a{{{(i)}}}m to reduce the durat{{{(i)}}}on of [[unemployment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Unemployment.WebHome]] and welfare dependency, {{{(i)}}}mprove [[employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]] outcomes and {{{(i)}}}mprove system eff{{{(i)}}}c{{{(i)}}}enc{{{(i)}}}es. They are offered by PES, somet{{{(i)}}}mes {{{(i)}}}n conjunct{{{(i)}}}on w{{{(i)}}}th other prov{{{(i)}}}ders, and can {{{(i)}}}nclude tra{{{(i)}}}n{{{(i)}}}ng and f{{{(i)}}} nanc{{{(i)}}}al {{{(i)}}}ncent{{{(i)}}}ves for enterpr{{{(i)}}}ses.
41 |Counsell{{{(i)}}}ng and gu{{{(i)}}}dance|(% style="w{{{(i)}}}dth:569px" %)Th{{{(i)}}}s {{{(i)}}}ncludes adv{{{(i)}}}ce prov{{{(i)}}}ded over t{{{(i)}}}me for [[employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]] purposes. It can be prov{{{(i)}}}ded by schoolteachers, PES staff and other [[employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]] agenc{{{(i)}}}es, enterpr{{{(i)}}}se or worker organ{{{(i)}}}sat{{{(i)}}}ons and others.
42 |Evaluat{{{(i)}}}on|(% style="w{{{(i)}}}dth:569px" %)W{{{(i)}}}th{{{(i)}}}n the context of ALMPs, th{{{(i)}}}s {{{(i)}}}s the assessment of an {{{(i)}}}ntervent{{{(i)}}}on to determ{{{(i)}}}ne {{{(i)}}}ts relevance, eff{{{(i)}}}c{{{(i)}}}ency, effect{{{(i)}}}veness, {{{(i)}}}mpact and susta{{{(i)}}}nab{{{(i)}}}l{{{(i)}}}ty.
43 |Ind{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}dual act{{{(i)}}}on plans|(% style="w{{{(i)}}}dth:569px" %)These are agreements developed between two part{{{(i)}}}es, such as a PES counsellor and an {{{(i)}}}nd{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}dual jobseeker, and outl{{{(i)}}}ne the steps that need to be ach{{{(i)}}}eved {{{(i)}}}n order to fulf{{{(i)}}}l a des{{{(i)}}}red outcome, such as [[employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]].
44 |[[Job>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] search sk{{{(i)}}}lls|(% style="w{{{(i)}}}dth:569px" %)Th{{{(i)}}}s {{{(i)}}}ncludes adv{{{(i)}}}ce, gu{{{(i)}}}dance, and tra{{{(i)}}}n{{{(i)}}}ng on how to approach employers, {{{(i)}}}dent{{{(i)}}}fy enterpr{{{(i)}}}ses and econom{{{(i)}}}c sectors that may have [[vacanc{{{(i)}}}es>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Job Vacancy.WebHome]]. Th{{{(i)}}}s can be prov{{{(i)}}}ded by PES staff as well as youth/commun{{{(i)}}}tybased organ{{{(i)}}}sat{{{(i)}}}ons, enterpr{{{(i)}}}ses and workers’ organ{{{(i)}}}sat{{{(i)}}}ons.
45 |Key performance {{{(i)}}}nd{{{(i)}}}cators|(% style="w{{{(i)}}}dth:569px" %)These are {{{(i)}}}nd{{{(i)}}}cators that are establ{{{(i)}}}shed a h{{{(i)}}}gh level w{{{(i)}}}th{{{(i)}}}n an organ{{{(i)}}}sat{{{(i)}}}on that allows {{{(i)}}}t to establ{{{(i)}}}sh how {{{(i)}}}t {{{(i)}}}s perform{{{(i)}}}ng aga{{{(i)}}}nst actual results. They can help an organ{{{(i)}}}sat{{{(i)}}}on to establ{{{(i)}}}sh what ‘performance’ means.
46 |Labour market {{{(i)}}}nformat{{{(i)}}}on|(% style="w{{{(i)}}}dth:569px" %)Th{{{(i)}}}s covers the prov{{{(i)}}}s{{{(i)}}}on of {{{(i)}}}nformat{{{(i)}}}on on the labour market. It can {{{(i)}}}nclude d{{{(i)}}}fferent sources and methods of {{{(i)}}}nformat{{{(i)}}}on d{{{(i)}}}ssem{{{(i)}}}nat{{{(i)}}}on.
47 |NEET|(% style="w{{{(i)}}}dth:569px" %)Not {{{(i)}}}n educat{{{(i)}}}on, [[employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]] or tra{{{(i)}}}n{{{(i)}}}ng. Th{{{(i)}}}s {{{(i)}}}s usually used {{{(i)}}}n the case of young people who may have fallen out of educat{{{(i)}}}on, (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) or tra{{{(i)}}}n{{{(i)}}}ng systems and often have not reg{{{(i)}}}stered w{{{(i)}}}th an [[employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]] system.
48 |Prof{{{(i)}}}l{{{(i)}}}ng|(% style="w{{{(i)}}}dth:569px" %)Th{{{(i)}}}s {{{(i)}}}s the assessment of a jobseeker undertaken by an [[employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]] serv{{{(i)}}}ce that helps to determ{{{(i)}}}ne the support that the {{{(i)}}}nd{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}dual {{{(i)}}}s l{{{(i)}}}kely to need. It can also determ{{{(i)}}}ne the l{{{(i)}}}kel{{{(i)}}}hood of the person gett{{{(i)}}}ng a [[job>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] w{{{(i)}}}th{{{(i)}}}n a certa{{{(i)}}}n t{{{(i)}}}meframe.
49 |Publ{{{(i)}}}c (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)works|(% style="w{{{(i)}}}dth:569px" %)These programmes allow central, or local, government or nongovernmental organ{{{(i)}}}sat{{{(i)}}}on to f{{{(i)}}}nance or {{{(i)}}}mplement a programme that creates temporary [[job>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] opportun{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es. [[Jobs>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] tend to be of a short durat{{{(i)}}}on, wh{{{(i)}}}ch generates {{{(i)}}}ncludes for part{{{(i)}}}c{{{(i)}}}pants and creates publ{{{(i)}}}c goods such as new or {{{(i)}}}mproved {{{(i)}}}nfrastructure.
50 |Results-based management|(% style="w{{{(i)}}}dth:569px" %)Th{{{(i)}}}s allows an organ{{{(i)}}}sat{{{(i)}}}on to look at the {{{(i)}}}nputs, outputs, and outcomes of a spec{{{(i)}}}f{{{(i)}}}c act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty. Organ{{{(i)}}}sat{{{(i)}}}ons can see what act{{{(i)}}}ons are contr{{{(i)}}}but{{{(i)}}}ng towards the des{{{(i)}}}red outcome.
51 |Results-based cha{{{(i)}}}ns|(% style="w{{{(i)}}}dth:569px" %)Th{{{(i)}}}s {{{(i)}}}nvolves an organ{{{(i)}}}sat{{{(i)}}}on look{{{(i)}}}ng at {{{(i)}}}nputs, outputs, and outcomes {{{(i)}}}nvolved {{{(i)}}}n a process. It can help organ{{{(i)}}}sat{{{(i)}}}ons to see the potent{{{(i)}}}al {{{(i)}}}mpact of act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es and processes {{{(i)}}}nternally and externally.
52 |Second chance programmes|(% style="w{{{(i)}}}dth:569px" %)These programmes target {{{(i)}}}nd{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}duals who have m{{{(i)}}}ssed out on labour market opportun{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es, for example young people who dropped out of school. They can {{{(i)}}}nclude counsell{{{(i)}}}ng, tra{{{(i)}}}n{{{(i)}}}ng, [[employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]] subs{{{(i)}}}d{{{(i)}}}es and other forms of support and ass{{{(i)}}}stance.
53 |Sector|(% style="w{{{(i)}}}dth:569px" %)Sector refers to an area of the economy {{{(i)}}}n wh{{{(i)}}}ch bus{{{(i)}}}nesses share the same, or related, products or serv{{{(i)}}}ces.
54 |Soc{{{(i)}}}al d{{{(i)}}}alogue|(% style="w{{{(i)}}}dth:569px" %)Th{{{(i)}}}s covers all types of negot{{{(i)}}}at{{{(i)}}}ons, consultat{{{(i)}}}ons or {{{(i)}}}nformat{{{(i)}}}on shar{{{(i)}}}ng among representat{{{(i)}}}ves of governments, enterpr{{{(i)}}}ses and workers or between those of enterpr{{{(i)}}}ses and workers. It focuses on common {{{(i)}}}ssues around econom{{{(i)}}}c and soc{{{(i)}}}al pol{{{(i)}}}cy.
55 |Tr{{{(i)}}}part{{{(i)}}}sm|(% style="w{{{(i)}}}dth:569px" %)Th{{{(i)}}}s {{{(i)}}}s the {{{(i)}}}nteract{{{(i)}}}on between governments, enterpr{{{(i)}}}ses and workers where each vo{{{(i)}}}ce {{{(i)}}}s treated equally, and they (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) together to address a common {{{(i)}}}ssue.
56 |Value cha{{{(i)}}}n|(% style="w{{{(i)}}}dth:569px" %)A value cha{{{(i)}}}n descr{{{(i)}}}bes the full range of act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es requ{{{(i)}}}red to br{{{(i)}}}ng a product, or serv{{{(i)}}}ce, from {{{(i)}}}dea to product{{{(i)}}}on and del{{{(i)}}}very and d{{{(i)}}}sposal after use. It {{{(i)}}}ncludes des{{{(i)}}}gn, product{{{(i)}}}on, market{{{(i)}}}ng, d{{{(i)}}}str{{{(i)}}}but{{{(i)}}}on and support serv{{{(i)}}}ces up to the f{{{(i)}}}nal consumer. Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es can be spread across d{{{(i)}}}fferent actors, and across d{{{(i)}}}fferent local{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es (local, reg{{{(i)}}}onal, nat{{{(i)}}}onal and across d{{{(i)}}}fferent countr{{{(i)}}}es).
57 |Wage subs{{{(i)}}}des|(% style="w{{{(i)}}}dth:569px" %)These a{{{(i)}}}m to reduce the cost of labour for enterpr{{{(i)}}}ses. They can be used {{{(i)}}}n the form of tax rel{{{(i)}}}ef ({{{(i)}}}.e., a d{{{(i)}}}scount on taxes to be pa{{{(i)}}}d), or f{{{(i)}}}nanc{{{(i)}}}al grants to enterpr{{{(i)}}}ses. They can also be {{{(i)}}}n the form of vouchers that employers can use when creat{{{(i)}}}ng new pos{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}ons for young people.
58 |(%%)(% style="color:#e74c3c" %)Work(%%) exper{{{(i)}}}ence programmes|(% style="w{{{(i)}}}dth:569px" %)These a{{{(i)}}}m to prov{{{(i)}}}de {{{(i)}}}nd{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}duals w{{{(i)}}}th pa{{{(i)}}}d or unpa{{{(i)}}}d (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) exper{{{(i)}}}ence {{{(i)}}}n a publ{{{(i)}}}c or pr{{{(i)}}}vate sector enterpr{{{(i)}}}se. They can {{{(i)}}}nclude {{{(i)}}}nternsh{{{(i)}}}ps organ{{{(i)}}}sed by educat{{{(i)}}}on {{{(i)}}}nst{{{(i)}}}tut{{{(i)}}}ons for the{{{(i)}}}r students.
59 |Youth Guarantee|(% style="w{{{(i)}}}dth:569px" %)Th{{{(i)}}}s concept {{{(i)}}}mpl{{{(i)}}}es that a young person has a r{{{(i)}}}ght to a [[job>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]], tra{{{(i)}}}n{{{(i)}}}ng or educat{{{(i)}}}on and that PES, or other [[employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]] bod{{{(i)}}}es, have an obl{{{(i)}}}gat{{{(i)}}}on to prov{{{(i)}}}de an offer w{{{(i)}}}th{{{(i)}}}n a set per{{{(i)}}}od of t{{{(i)}}}me. Th{{{(i)}}}s can be offered to all young people who fulf{{{(i)}}}l an establ{{{(i)}}}shed set of cr{{{(i)}}}ter{{{(i)}}}a.
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61 **F{{{(i)}}}gure 1.1 Bas{{{(i)}}}c funct{{{(i)}}}ons for PES serv{{{(i)}}}ces**
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65 [[{{{(i)}}}mage:1750152181322-235.png]]
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69 {{putFootnotes/}}