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Version 11.1 by Artur on 2025/06/26 11:34
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1 There are some basic functions of PES that are an important foundation for understanding and delivering high quality services to help to develop and deliver efficient labour markets. This section provides an overview of some of the key concepts that PES or [[employment>>doc:working:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]] ministries should be aware of.
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3 The box below outlines the view of PES core services and trends according to the ILO.
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5 {{box}}
6 Box 1. PES core services according to the ILO{{footnote}}ILO (2019) ‘Fifth Meeting of the SRM TWG: Examination of ins truments concerning employment policy and promotion – Technical note 2: Ins truments concerning public employment services’ ([[https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_norm/---normes/documents/genericdocument/wcms_715384.pdf]]) {{/footnote}}
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8 The ILO’s Employment Service Convention of 1948 (No. 88) and the Employment Service Recommendation of 1948 (No. 33) include important information on the role of PES. They see
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10 PES as ‘a key institution implementing employment and labour market policies.’ The future of work presents PES with complex challenges that includes:
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12 * Polarisation of job opportunities in the labour market between highly skilled and low skilled workers;
13 * Polarisation between permanent workers, unemployed and those who are under-employed; u
14 * Older workers needing to stay active in the labour market for longer.
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16 As a result, in many countries the services offered by PES have expanded and diversified from job matching to:
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18 * Enhancing employability;
19 * Addressing skill mismatches;
20 * Linking support to employers and workers via active labour market programmes (ALMPs).
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22 Since the financial crisis of 2008-2009, there has been a growing demand in many countries to develop evidence-based policy making that expands job opportunities for all workers. Work is undergoing to create stronger linkages between policy making and employment support activities.
23 With a view of the future of work, the ILO published the Global Commission on the Future of Work in January 2019. This calls for:
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25 * Greater importance of PES, particularly in the role of supporting transitions in the labour market;
26 * Greater investment in related institutions, policies and strategies;
27 * Investing in PES, financially and via resourcing;
28 * Delivering jobseeker services via face to face and, increasingly, via digital services; and
29 * Improving the availability of labour market information to support decision-making processes.
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31 In light of these calls for actions, PES should also increasingly work in collaboration with other partner organisations.
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36 **Table 1.1 Key concepts for employment support**
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38 (% style="width:763.446px" %)
39 |Concept|(% style="width:569px" %)Description
40 |Active labour market programmes|(% style="width:569px" %)These programmes usually aim to reduce the duration of [[unemployment>>doc:working:Glossary.Unemployment.WebHome]] and welfare dependency, improve [[employment>>doc:working:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]] outcomes and improve system efficiencies. They are offered by PES, sometimes in conjunction with other providers, and can include training and fi nancial incentives for enterprises.
41 |Counselling and guidance|(% style="width:569px" %)This includes advice provided over time for [[employment>>doc:working:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]] purposes. It can be provided by schoolteachers, PES staff and other [[employment>>doc:working:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]] agencies, enterprise or worker organisations and others.
42 |Evaluation|(% style="width:569px" %)Within the context of ALMPs, this is the assessment of an intervention to determine its relevance, efficiency, effectiveness, impact and sustainability.
43 |Individual action plans|(% style="width:569px" %)These are agreements developed between two parties, such as a PES counsellor and an individual jobseeker, and outline the steps that need to be achieved in order to fulfil a desired outcome, such as [[employment>>doc:working:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]].
44 |[[Job>>doc:working:Glossary.Work Activity.WebHome]] search skills|(% style="width:569px" %)This includes advice, guidance, and training on how to approach employers, identify enterprises and economic sectors that may have [[vacancies>>doc:working:Glossary.Job Vacancy.WebHome]]. This can be provided by PES staff as well as youth/communitybased organisations, enterprises and workers’ organisations.
45 |Key performance indicators|(% style="width:569px" %)These are indicators that are established a high level within an organisation that allows it to establish how it is performing against actual results. They can help an organisation to establish what ‘performance’ means.
46 |Labour market information|(% style="width:569px" %)This covers the provision of information on the labour market. It can include different sources and methods of information dissemination.
47 |NEET|(% style="width:569px" %)Not in education, [[employment>>doc:working:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]] or training. This is usually used in the case of young people who may have fallen out of education, (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) or training systems and often have not registered with an [[employment>>doc:working:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]] system.
48 |Profiling|(% style="width:569px" %)This is the assessment of a jobseeker undertaken by an [[employment>>doc:working:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]] service that helps to determine the support that the individual is likely to need. It can also determine the likelihood of the person getting a [[job>>doc:working:Glossary.Work Activity.WebHome]] within a certain timeframe.
49 |Public (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)works|(% style="width:569px" %)These programmes allow central, or local, government or nongovernmental organisation to finance or implement a programme that creates temporary [[job>>doc:working:Glossary.Work Activity.WebHome]] opportunities. [[Jobs>>doc:working:Glossary.Work Activity.WebHome]] tend to be of a short duration, which generates includes for participants and creates public goods such as new or improved infrastructure.
50 |Results-based management|(% style="width:569px" %)This allows an organisation to look at the inputs, outputs, and outcomes of a specific activity. Organisations can see what actions are contributing towards the desired outcome.
51 |Results-based chains|(% style="width:569px" %)This involves an organisation looking at inputs, outputs, and outcomes involved in a process. It can help organisations to see the potential impact of activities and processes internally and externally.
52 |Second chance programmes|(% style="width:569px" %)These programmes target individuals who have missed out on labour market opportunities, for example young people who dropped out of school. They can include counselling, training, [[employment>>doc:working:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]] subsidies and other forms of support and assistance.
53 |Sector|(% style="width:569px" %)Sector refers to an area of the economy in which businesses share the same, or related, products or services.
54 |Social dialogue|(% style="width:569px" %)This covers all types of negotiations, consultations or information sharing among representatives of governments, enterprises and workers or between those of enterprises and workers. It focuses on common issues around economic and social policy.
55 |Tripartism|(% style="width:569px" %)This is the interaction between governments, enterprises and workers where each voice is treated equally, and they (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) together to address a common issue.
56 |Value chain|(% style="width:569px" %)A value chain describes the full range of activities required to bring a product, or service, from idea to production and delivery and disposal after use. It includes design, production, marketing, distribution and support services up to the final consumer. Activities can be spread across different actors, and across different localities (local, regional, national and across different countries).
57 |Wage subsides|(% style="width:569px" %)These aim to reduce the cost of labour for enterprises. They can be used in the form of tax relief (i.e., a discount on taxes to be paid), or financial grants to enterprises. They can also be in the form of vouchers that employers can use when creating new positions for young people.
58 |(%%)(% style="color:#e74c3c" %)Work(%%) experience programmes|(% style="width:569px" %)These aim to provide individuals with paid or unpaid (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) experience in a public or private sector enterprise. They can include internships organised by education institutions for their students.
59 |Youth Guarantee|(% style="width:569px" %)This concept implies that a young person has a right to a [[job>>doc:working:Glossary.Work Activity.WebHome]], training or education and that PES, or other [[employment>>doc:working:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]] bodies, have an obligation to provide an offer within a set period of time. This can be offered to all young people who fulfil an established set of criteria.
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61 **Figure 1.1 Basic functions for PES services**
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65 [[image:1750152181322-235.png]]
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69 {{putFootnotes/}}