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| 1 | {{box t{{{(i)}}}tle="**Contents**"}} | ||
| 2 | {{toc/}} | ||
| 3 | {{/box}} | ||
| 4 | |||
| 5 | = Preamble = | ||
| 6 | |||
| 7 | The 21st Internat{{{(i)}}}onal Conference of Labour Stat{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}c{{{(i)}}}ans (ICLS), | ||
| 8 | |||
| 9 | Hav{{{(i)}}}ng rev{{{(i)}}}ewed the relevant texts of the resolut{{{(i)}}}on concern{{{(i)}}}ng stat{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}cs of [[employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]] {{{(i)}}}n the [[{{{(i)}}}nformal sector>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Informal sector.WebHome]], adopted by the 15th ICLS (1993), and the Gu{{{(i)}}}del{{{(i)}}}nes concern{{{(i)}}}ng a stat{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}cal def{{{(i)}}}n{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}on of [[{{{(i)}}}nformal employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Informal employment.WebHome]], endorsed by the 17th ICLS (2003), | ||
| 10 | |||
| 11 | Tak{{{(i)}}}ng {{{(i)}}}nto cons{{{(i)}}}derat{{{(i)}}}on the resolut{{{(i)}}}on concern{{{(i)}}}ng stat{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}cs of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%), [[employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]] and [[labour underut{{{(i)}}}l{{{(i)}}}zat{{{(i)}}}on>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Labour Underut{{{(i)}}}l{{{(i)}}}zat{{{(i)}}}on.WebHome]], adopted by the 19th ICLS (2013), the resolut{{{(i)}}}on concern{{{(i)}}}ng stat{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}cs on (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) relat{{{(i)}}}onsh{{{(i)}}}ps, adopted by the 20th ICLS (2018), and the resolut{{{(i)}}}on concern{{{(i)}}}ng decent (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) and the {{{(i)}}}nformal economy, adopted by the Internat{{{(i)}}}onal Labour Conference at {{{(i)}}}ts 90th Sess{{{(i)}}}on (2002), as well as the Trans{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}on from the Informal to the Formal Economy Recommendat{{{(i)}}}on, 2015 (No. 204), the ILO Declarat{{{(i)}}}on on Fundamental Pr{{{(i)}}}nc{{{(i)}}}ples and R{{{(i)}}}ghts at (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)Work(%%) (1998), as amended {{{(i)}}}n 2022, and the ILO Centenary Declarat{{{(i)}}}on for the Future of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)Work(%%) (2019), | ||
| 12 | |||
| 13 | Recall{{{(i)}}}ng the requ{{{(i)}}}rements of the Labour Stat{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}cs Convent{{{(i)}}}on, 1985 (No. 160), and the accompany{{{(i)}}}ng Labour Stat{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}cs Recommendat{{{(i)}}}on, 1985 (No. 170), and the need for coherence w{{{(i)}}}th other {{{(i)}}}nternat{{{(i)}}}onal stat{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}cal standards, part{{{(i)}}}cularly w{{{(i)}}}th regard to the System of Nat{{{(i)}}}onal Accounts (SNA), [[work{{{(i)}}}ng t{{{(i)}}}me>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work{{{(i)}}}ng T{{{(i)}}}me.WebHome]], [[employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]]-related {{{(i)}}}ncome, household {{{(i)}}}ncome and expend{{{(i)}}}ture and decent (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) {{{(i)}}}nd{{{(i)}}}cators, | ||
| 14 | |||
| 15 | Recogn{{{(i)}}}z{{{(i)}}}ng the need to rev{{{(i)}}}se and broaden the ex{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}ng standards for stat{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}cs on the {{{(i)}}}nformal economy {{{(i)}}}n order to: enable the better stat{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}cal measurement of var{{{(i)}}}ous aspects of {{{(i)}}}nformal product{{{(i)}}}ve act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es and of workers and econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}ts {{{(i)}}}n the {{{(i)}}}nformal economy; extend the scope of the {{{(i)}}}nformal economy to cover all [[forms of work>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Forms of Work.WebHome]]; descr{{{(i)}}}be adequately the character{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}cs and (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work{{{(i)}}}ng(%%) cond{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}ons of workers w{{{(i)}}}th {{{(i)}}}nformal [[jobs>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] and the character{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}cs of {{{(i)}}}nformal econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}ts; {{{(i)}}}dent{{{(i)}}}fy the ma{{{(i)}}}n dr{{{(i)}}}vers of {{{(i)}}}nformal{{{(i)}}}ty and mon{{{(i)}}}tor changes and trans{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}ons between the {{{(i)}}}nformal and formal economy; and prov{{{(i)}}}de gu{{{(i)}}}del{{{(i)}}}nes on a w{{{(i)}}}der set of measures than prev{{{(i)}}}ously def{{{(i)}}}ned at the {{{(i)}}}nternat{{{(i)}}}onal level, thereby enhanc{{{(i)}}}ng the relevance and usefulness of the standards for countr{{{(i)}}}es and terr{{{(i)}}}tor{{{(i)}}}es (here{{{(i)}}}nafter referred to as “countr{{{(i)}}}es”) at all stages of development, | ||
| 16 | |||
| 17 | Call{{{(i)}}}ng attent{{{(i)}}}on to the usefulness of these standards to enhance the {{{(i)}}}nternat{{{(i)}}}onal comparab{{{(i)}}}l{{{(i)}}}ty of stat{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}cs on the {{{(i)}}}nformal economy, to the{{{(i)}}}r contr{{{(i)}}}but{{{(i)}}}on to the measurement of decent (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) and the well-be{{{(i)}}}ng of households and soc{{{(i)}}}ety {{{(i)}}}n general, thereby support{{{(i)}}}ng and fac{{{(i)}}}l{{{(i)}}}tat{{{(i)}}}ng the trans{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}on from the {{{(i)}}}nformal to the formal economy, and to the ach{{{(i)}}}evement of gender equal{{{(i)}}}ty, susta{{{(i)}}}nable development and soc{{{(i)}}}al just{{{(i)}}}ce, | ||
| 18 | |||
| 19 | Acknowledg{{{(i)}}}ng that the relevance of stat{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}cs on the {{{(i)}}}nformal economy {{{(i)}}}n a g{{{(i)}}}ven country w{{{(i)}}}ll depend on the nature of {{{(i)}}}ts soc{{{(i)}}}ety, labour markets and regulat{{{(i)}}}ons as well as user needs, and that the{{{(i)}}}r {{{(i)}}}mplementat{{{(i)}}}on w{{{(i)}}}ll therefore, to a certa{{{(i)}}}n extent, be determ{{{(i)}}}ned by nat{{{(i)}}}onal c{{{(i)}}}rcumstances, | ||
| 20 | |||
| 21 | Adopts th{{{(i)}}}s 20th day of October of 2023 the follow{{{(i)}}}ng resolut{{{(i)}}}on {{{(i)}}}n subst{{{(i)}}}tut{{{(i)}}}on for the resolut{{{(i)}}}on of 1993 and for the Gu{{{(i)}}}del{{{(i)}}}nes of 2003 c{{{(i)}}}ted above. | ||
| 22 | |||
| 23 | = Object{{{(i)}}}ves and scope = | ||
| 24 | |||
| 25 | ~1. Th{{{(i)}}}s resolut{{{(i)}}}on a{{{(i)}}}ms to set standards for stat{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}cs on the {{{(i)}}}nformal economy to gu{{{(i)}}}de countr{{{(i)}}}es {{{(i)}}}n updat{{{(i)}}}ng, harmon{{{(i)}}}z{{{(i)}}}ng and further develop{{{(i)}}}ng the{{{(i)}}}r stat{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}cal programmes {{{(i)}}}n th{{{(i)}}}s f{{{(i)}}}eld. It def{{{(i)}}}nes the stat{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}cal concepts of {{{(i)}}}nformal product{{{(i)}}}ve act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es, the {{{(i)}}}nformal economy, the {{{(i)}}}nformal market economy and {{{(i)}}}nformal (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) for reference purposes and prov{{{(i)}}}des operat{{{(i)}}}onal concepts, def{{{(i)}}}n{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}ons and gu{{{(i)}}}del{{{(i)}}}nes for the stat{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}cal measurement of {{{(i)}}}ts components. Stat{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}cs on the {{{(i)}}}nformal economy are concerned w{{{(i)}}}th: (a) whether the product{{{(i)}}}ve act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es of workers or econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}ts are {{{(i)}}}n law and {{{(i)}}}n pract{{{(i)}}}ce covered by formal arrangements {{{(i)}}}ntended to protect and regulate the act{{{(i)}}}ons and funct{{{(i)}}}ons of workers and econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}ts, and the formal status of both the econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}t and the (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) relat{{{(i)}}}onsh{{{(i)}}}p of the worker; and (b) the degree of exposure to econom{{{(i)}}}c and personal r{{{(i)}}}sk due to a lack of effect{{{(i)}}}ve coverage by formal arrangements. | ||
| 26 | |||
| 27 | 2. In order to promote the coherence and {{{(i)}}}ntegrat{{{(i)}}}on of stat{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}cs from d{{{(i)}}}fferent sources on d{{{(i)}}}fferent aspects on the {{{(i)}}}nformal economy, the resolut{{{(i)}}}on prov{{{(i)}}}des: | ||
| 28 | |||
| 29 | * (a) an overarch{{{(i)}}}ng conceptual framework for stat{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}cs on the {{{(i)}}}nformal economy; | ||
| 30 | * (b) def{{{(i)}}}n{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}ons of d{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}nct subsets of econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}ts depend{{{(i)}}}ng on the{{{(i)}}}r formal status and the {{{(i)}}}ntended dest{{{(i)}}}nat{{{(i)}}}on of the{{{(i)}}}r product{{{(i)}}}on; | ||
| 31 | * (c) a set of def{{{(i)}}}n{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}ons of d{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}nct subsets of {{{(i)}}}nformal (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%), {{{(i)}}}nclud{{{(i)}}}ng [[{{{(i)}}}nformal employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Informal employment.WebHome]], cons{{{(i)}}}stent w{{{(i)}}}th the [[forms of work>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Forms of Work.WebHome]] framework establ{{{(i)}}}shed by the latest standards on (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%), [[employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]] and [[labour underut{{{(i)}}}l{{{(i)}}}zat{{{(i)}}}on>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Labour Underut{{{(i)}}}l{{{(i)}}}zat{{{(i)}}}on.WebHome]]; | ||
| 32 | * (d) a set of {{{(i)}}}nd{{{(i)}}}cators to prov{{{(i)}}}de further {{{(i)}}}nformat{{{(i)}}}on on the d{{{(i)}}}vers{{{(i)}}}ty of character{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}cs, c{{{(i)}}}rcumstances and needs of workers and econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}ts, the{{{(i)}}}r exposure to econom{{{(i)}}}c and personal r{{{(i)}}}sk, the degree of coverage by formal arrangements and the {{{(i)}}}dent{{{(i)}}}f{{{(i)}}}cat{{{(i)}}}on of prevalent forms of {{{(i)}}}nformal{{{(i)}}}ty and of part{{{(i)}}}cular groups of pol{{{(i)}}}cy {{{(i)}}}nterest; and | ||
| 33 | * (e) operat{{{(i)}}}onal concepts, def{{{(i)}}}n{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}ons and gu{{{(i)}}}del{{{(i)}}}nes for the comp{{{(i)}}}lat{{{(i)}}}on of stat{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}cs on the {{{(i)}}}nformal economy and the {{{(i)}}}nd{{{(i)}}}cators. | ||
| 34 | |||
| 35 | 3. These standards should serve to fac{{{(i)}}}l{{{(i)}}}tate the product{{{(i)}}}on of d{{{(i)}}}fferent subsets of stat{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}cs on the {{{(i)}}}nformal economy for d{{{(i)}}}fferent purposes as part of an {{{(i)}}}ntegrated nat{{{(i)}}}onal system that {{{(i)}}}s based on common concepts and def{{{(i)}}}n{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}ons. | ||
| 36 | |||
| 37 | 4. Each country should a{{{(i)}}}m to develop {{{(i)}}}ts system of stat{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}cs on the {{{(i)}}}nformal economy {{{(i)}}}n order to prov{{{(i)}}}de an adequate {{{(i)}}}nformat{{{(i)}}}on base for a w{{{(i)}}}de range of descr{{{(i)}}}pt{{{(i)}}}ve and analyt{{{(i)}}}cal purposes, {{{(i)}}}nclud{{{(i)}}}ng for (a) descr{{{(i)}}}b{{{(i)}}}ng and enhanc{{{(i)}}}ng understand{{{(i)}}}ng of the {{{(i)}}}nformal economy and (b) support{{{(i)}}}ng the development of pol{{{(i)}}}c{{{(i)}}}es address{{{(i)}}}ng the {{{(i)}}}nformal economy, wh{{{(i)}}}le tak{{{(i)}}}ng account of spec{{{(i)}}}f{{{(i)}}}c nat{{{(i)}}}onal needs and c{{{(i)}}}rcumstances. Such a system should be des{{{(i)}}}gned to ach{{{(i)}}}eve a number of object{{{(i)}}}ves, {{{(i)}}}n part{{{(i)}}}cular to: | ||
| 38 | |||
| 39 | * (a) descr{{{(i)}}}be the structure and evolut{{{(i)}}}on of the {{{(i)}}}nformal economy, allow{{{(i)}}}ng for the {{{(i)}}}dent{{{(i)}}}f{{{(i)}}}cat{{{(i)}}}on of groups of workers and econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}ts h{{{(i)}}}ghly l{{{(i)}}}kely to be {{{(i)}}}ncluded and represented {{{(i)}}}n the {{{(i)}}}nformal economy; | ||
| 40 | * (b) assess the s{{{(i)}}}tuat{{{(i)}}}on among populat{{{(i)}}}on groups {{{(i)}}}n the formal and {{{(i)}}}nformal economy, such as women and men, young people, m{{{(i)}}}grants and other groups of part{{{(i)}}}cular pol{{{(i)}}}cy concern, and analyse the relat{{{(i)}}}onsh{{{(i)}}}p between [[{{{(i)}}}nformal employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Informal employment.WebHome]] and {{{(i)}}}nformal (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) {{{(i)}}}n relat{{{(i)}}}on to [[forms of work>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Forms of Work.WebHome]] other than [[employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]] and the{{{(i)}}}r econom{{{(i)}}}c and soc{{{(i)}}}al outcomes; | ||
| 41 | * (c) mon{{{(i)}}}tor and {{{(i)}}}nform the des{{{(i)}}}gn, {{{(i)}}}mplementat{{{(i)}}}on and evaluat{{{(i)}}}on of econom{{{(i)}}}c and soc{{{(i)}}}al pol{{{(i)}}}c{{{(i)}}}es and programmes related to the trans{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}on from the {{{(i)}}}nformal economy to the formal economy, {{{(i)}}}nclud{{{(i)}}}ng w{{{(i)}}}th regard to the prevent{{{(i)}}}on of the {{{(i)}}}nformal{{{(i)}}}zat{{{(i)}}}on of formal [[jobs>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] and formal econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}ts, [[employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]] creat{{{(i)}}}on, product{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty growth and the extens{{{(i)}}}on of soc{{{(i)}}}al protect{{{(i)}}}on, {{{(i)}}}ncome secur{{{(i)}}}ty, poverty reduct{{{(i)}}}on, gender equal{{{(i)}}}ty and decent (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%); | ||
| 42 | * (d) prov{{{(i)}}}de a comprehens{{{(i)}}}ve descr{{{(i)}}}pt{{{(i)}}}on of the part{{{(i)}}}c{{{(i)}}}pat{{{(i)}}}on {{{(i)}}}n and compos{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}on of [[{{{(i)}}}nformal employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Informal employment.WebHome]] and of the degree of coverage by formal arrangements among workers {{{(i)}}}n {{{(i)}}}nformal and formal [[employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]], as well as among {{{(i)}}}nformal and formal econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}ts, {{{(i)}}}nclud{{{(i)}}}ng the{{{(i)}}}r exposure to econom{{{(i)}}}c and personal r{{{(i)}}}sks assoc{{{(i)}}}ated w{{{(i)}}}th the (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%); | ||
| 43 | * (e) prov{{{(i)}}}de {{{(i)}}}nformat{{{(i)}}}on on the s{{{(i)}}}ze and compos{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}on of the [[{{{(i)}}}nformal sector>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Informal sector.WebHome]] and on product{{{(i)}}}on {{{(i)}}}nputs, {{{(i)}}}nclud{{{(i)}}}ng labour {{{(i)}}}nputs, and outputs to create exhaust{{{(i)}}}ve est{{{(i)}}}mates for the purposes of nat{{{(i)}}}onal accounts, {{{(i)}}}nclud{{{(i)}}}ng to support the construct{{{(i)}}}on of {{{(i)}}}nput-output tables and est{{{(i)}}}mates of value added, the contr{{{(i)}}}but{{{(i)}}}on of [[{{{(i)}}}nformal sector>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Informal sector.WebHome]] act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es to gross domest{{{(i)}}}c product (GDP) and the product{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty of the [[{{{(i)}}}nformal sector>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Informal sector.WebHome]], and for the comp{{{(i)}}}lat{{{(i)}}}on of themat{{{(i)}}}c and extended accounts; | ||
| 44 | * (f) {{{(i)}}}dent{{{(i)}}}fy decent (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) def{{{(i)}}}c{{{(i)}}}ts and evaluate the econom{{{(i)}}}c and soc{{{(i)}}}al {{{(i)}}}mpacts ar{{{(i)}}}s{{{(i)}}}ng from demograph{{{(i)}}}c sh{{{(i)}}}fts, cl{{{(i)}}}mate change, as well as from macroeconom{{{(i)}}}c changes such as fluctuat{{{(i)}}}ons {{{(i)}}}n econom{{{(i)}}}c cycles, d{{{(i)}}}g{{{(i)}}}tal{{{(i)}}}zat{{{(i)}}}on or long-term changes {{{(i)}}}n the s{{{(i)}}}ze and compos{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}on of the {{{(i)}}}nformal economy; and | ||
| 45 | * (g) prov{{{(i)}}}de the ev{{{(i)}}}dence needed to evaluate the {{{(i)}}}mpact and outreach of government pol{{{(i)}}}c{{{(i)}}}es a{{{(i)}}}med at protect{{{(i)}}}ng and regulat{{{(i)}}}ng the act{{{(i)}}}ons and funct{{{(i)}}}ons of workers {{{(i)}}}n relat{{{(i)}}}on to pa{{{(i)}}}d and unpa{{{(i)}}}d (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%). | ||
| 46 | |||
| 47 | 5. To support these object{{{(i)}}}ves, the standards are complemented by an assoc{{{(i)}}}ated {{{(i)}}}nd{{{(i)}}}cator framework for countr{{{(i)}}}es to use, depend{{{(i)}}}ng on nat{{{(i)}}}onal needs and object{{{(i)}}}ves. Th{{{(i)}}}s extens{{{(i)}}}ve and dynam{{{(i)}}}c set of {{{(i)}}}nd{{{(i)}}}cators prov{{{(i)}}}des add{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}onal {{{(i)}}}nformat{{{(i)}}}on on the extent and nature of the {{{(i)}}}nformal{{{(i)}}}ty of [[jobs>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] and econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}ts and the{{{(i)}}}r contr{{{(i)}}}but{{{(i)}}}on to the economy; trans{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}ons between formal{{{(i)}}}ty and {{{(i)}}}nformal{{{(i)}}}ty; the d{{{(i)}}}fferent levels and types of vulnerab{{{(i)}}}l{{{(i)}}}ty or protect{{{(i)}}}ons assoc{{{(i)}}}ated w{{{(i)}}}th the (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) env{{{(i)}}}ronment and personal, household or other contextual factors; and the dr{{{(i)}}}vers of formal{{{(i)}}}zat{{{(i)}}}on or {{{(i)}}}nformal{{{(i)}}}zat{{{(i)}}}on, {{{(i)}}}nclud{{{(i)}}}ng {{{(i)}}}n w{{{(i)}}}der labour, gender and soc{{{(i)}}}al and econom{{{(i)}}}c contexts. | ||
| 48 | |||
| 49 | 6. In develop{{{(i)}}}ng stat{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}cs on the {{{(i)}}}nformal economy, countr{{{(i)}}}es should endeavour to apply these standards {{{(i)}}}n order to fac{{{(i)}}}l{{{(i)}}}tate {{{(i)}}}nternat{{{(i)}}}onal comparab{{{(i)}}}l{{{(i)}}}ty and to perm{{{(i)}}}t the evaluat{{{(i)}}}on of trends and structural changes for the purpose of labour market and soc{{{(i)}}}al and econom{{{(i)}}}c analys{{{(i)}}}s. | ||
| 50 | |||
| 51 | = Reference concepts = | ||
| 52 | |||
| 53 | 7. Stat{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}cs on {{{(i)}}}nformal{{{(i)}}}ty are concerned w{{{(i)}}}th the {{{(i)}}}nformal nature of (a) the product{{{(i)}}}ve act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es of econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}ts and (b) the product{{{(i)}}}ve act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es of persons, where: | ||
| 54 | |||
| 55 | * (a) the concept of “product{{{(i)}}}ve act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es of econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}ts” {{{(i)}}}s al{{{(i)}}}gned w{{{(i)}}}th the def{{{(i)}}}n{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}on {{{(i)}}}n the SNA and {{{(i)}}}ncludes processes or act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es carr{{{(i)}}}ed out under the control and respons{{{(i)}}}b{{{(i)}}}l{{{(i)}}}ty of an econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}t and that use {{{(i)}}}nputs of labour, cap{{{(i)}}}tal, goods and serv{{{(i)}}}ces to produce outputs of goods or serv{{{(i)}}}ces; | ||
| 56 | * (b) the concept of “econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}t” {{{(i)}}}s al{{{(i)}}}gned w{{{(i)}}}th that def{{{(i)}}}ned {{{(i)}}}n the SNA and d{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}ngu{{{(i)}}}shes between: | ||
| 57 | ** ( {{{(i)}}} ) market un{{{(i)}}}ts (corporat{{{(i)}}}ons, quas{{{(i)}}}-corporat{{{(i)}}}ons and household market enterpr{{{(i)}}}ses); | ||
| 58 | ** ({{{(i)}}}{{{(i)}}}) non-market un{{{(i)}}}ts (government and non-prof{{{(i)}}}t {{{(i)}}}nst{{{(i)}}}tut{{{(i)}}}ons serv{{{(i)}}}ng households); and | ||
| 59 | ** ({{{(i)}}}{{{(i)}}}{{{(i)}}}) households that produce goods or serv{{{(i)}}}ces for own f{{{(i)}}}nal use (households); | ||
| 60 | * (c) the concept of “product{{{(i)}}}ve act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es of persons” {{{(i)}}}s al{{{(i)}}}gned w{{{(i)}}}th the def{{{(i)}}}n{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}on of “(% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%)” {{{(i)}}}n the current {{{(i)}}}nternat{{{(i)}}}onal standards concern{{{(i)}}}ng stat{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}cs of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%), [[employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]] and [[labour underut{{{(i)}}}l{{{(i)}}}zat{{{(i)}}}on>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Labour Underut{{{(i)}}}l{{{(i)}}}zat{{{(i)}}}on.WebHome]]. It {{{(i)}}}ncludes act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es w{{{(i)}}}th{{{(i)}}}n the SNA product{{{(i)}}}on boundary as well as act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es outs{{{(i)}}}de the SNA product{{{(i)}}}on boundary but {{{(i)}}}ns{{{(i)}}}de the SNA general product{{{(i)}}}on boundary; and | ||
| 61 | * (d) (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) can be subd{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ded {{{(i)}}}nto f{{{(i)}}}ve d{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}nct forms: | ||
| 62 | ** ( {{{(i)}}} ) [[own-use product{{{(i)}}}on>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Own-use Product{{{(i)}}}on.WebHome]] (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%); | ||
| 63 | ** ({{{(i)}}}{{{(i)}}}) [[employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]] (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%); | ||
| 64 | ** ({{{(i)}}}{{{(i)}}}{{{(i)}}}) unpa{{{(i)}}}d tra{{{(i)}}}nee (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%); | ||
| 65 | ** ({{{(i)}}}v) [[volunteer work>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Volunteer Work.WebHome]]; | ||
| 66 | ** (V) other [[work act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work.WebHome]]. | ||
| 67 | |||
| 68 | 8. The un{{{(i)}}}ts that are relevant for the product{{{(i)}}}on of stat{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}cs on {{{(i)}}}nformal{{{(i)}}}ty are persons, [[jobs>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] or [[work act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work.WebHome]], and econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}ts. | ||
| 69 | |||
| 70 | 9. All product{{{(i)}}}ve act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es def{{{(i)}}}ned as (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) can be l{{{(i)}}}nked to a spec{{{(i)}}}f{{{(i)}}}c [[job>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] or [[work act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work.WebHome]] and all [[jobs>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] and [[work act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work.WebHome]] can be categor{{{(i)}}}zed by status {{{(i)}}}n [[employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]] and status at (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) as def{{{(i)}}}ned {{{(i)}}}n the most recent standards concern{{{(i)}}}ng stat{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}cs of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%), [[employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]] or (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) relat{{{(i)}}}onsh{{{(i)}}}ps. | ||
| 71 | |||
| 72 | = The boundar{{{(i)}}}es of stat{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}cs on {{{(i)}}}nformal{{{(i)}}}ty = | ||
| 73 | |||
| 74 | == Informal product{{{(i)}}}ve act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es == | ||
| 75 | |||
| 76 | 10. For stat{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}cal purposes, the concept of “{{{(i)}}}nformal product{{{(i)}}}ve act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es” {{{(i)}}}s def{{{(i)}}}ned as all product{{{(i)}}}ve act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es carr{{{(i)}}}ed out by persons or econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}ts that are – {{{(i)}}}n law or {{{(i)}}}n pract{{{(i)}}}ce – not covered by formal arrangements. | ||
| 77 | |||
| 78 | ~11. The concept {{{(i)}}}ncludes product{{{(i)}}}ve act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es w{{{(i)}}}th{{{(i)}}}n the SNA general product{{{(i)}}}on boundary that are – {{{(i)}}}n law or {{{(i)}}}n pract{{{(i)}}}ce – not covered by formal arrangements as establ{{{(i)}}}shed by regulat{{{(i)}}}ons and laws, such as: | ||
| 79 | |||
| 80 | * (a) regulat{{{(i)}}}ons that st{{{(i)}}}pulate the r{{{(i)}}}ghts and respons{{{(i)}}}b{{{(i)}}}l{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es and obl{{{(i)}}}gat{{{(i)}}}ons of the econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}ts and the workers; | ||
| 81 | * (b) commerc{{{(i)}}}al laws that regulate the product{{{(i)}}}ve act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es carr{{{(i)}}}ed out by econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}ts and the{{{(i)}}}r engagement {{{(i)}}}n commerc{{{(i)}}}al contracts, {{{(i)}}}nclud{{{(i)}}}ng to safeguard the{{{(i)}}}r {{{(i)}}}ntellectual and phys{{{(i)}}}cal property; | ||
| 82 | * (c) procedures to report econom{{{(i)}}}c act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es such as f{{{(i)}}}scal obl{{{(i)}}}gat{{{(i)}}}ons {{{(i)}}}n order, for example, to pay taxes or to cover [[employees>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]] by soc{{{(i)}}}al secur{{{(i)}}}ty; | ||
| 83 | * (d) labour laws and regulat{{{(i)}}}ons such as those relat{{{(i)}}}ng to freedom of assoc{{{(i)}}}at{{{(i)}}}on, r{{{(i)}}}ghts to collect{{{(i)}}}ve barga{{{(i)}}}n{{{(i)}}}ng, pa{{{(i)}}}d annual leave, pa{{{(i)}}}d s{{{(i)}}}ck leave, the [[m{{{(i)}}}n{{{(i)}}}mum wage>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.M{{{(i)}}}n{{{(i)}}}mum wage.WebHome]], hours of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%), soc{{{(i)}}}al secur{{{(i)}}}ty coverage and soc{{{(i)}}}al d{{{(i)}}}alogue; and | ||
| 84 | * (e) procedures that regulate access to the {{{(i)}}}nst{{{(i)}}}tut{{{(i)}}}onal {{{(i)}}}nfrastructure such as , markets, governmental support mechan{{{(i)}}}sms and f{{{(i)}}}nanc{{{(i)}}}al {{{(i)}}}nst{{{(i)}}}tut{{{(i)}}}ons {{{(i)}}}nclud{{{(i)}}}ng banks. | ||
| 85 | |||
| 86 | 12. Coverage by formal arrangements {{{(i)}}}n law and {{{(i)}}}n pract{{{(i)}}}ce does not merely {{{(i)}}}mply hav{{{(i)}}}ng legal coverage by the formal arrangements but means that the arrangements should be effect{{{(i)}}}vely accessed {{{(i)}}}n pract{{{(i)}}}ce by the worker and the econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}t by fulf{{{(i)}}}ll{{{(i)}}}ng procedures that enta{{{(i)}}}l dut{{{(i)}}}es and obl{{{(i)}}}gat{{{(i)}}}ons for all part{{{(i)}}}es {{{(i)}}}nvolved. | ||
| 87 | |||
| 88 | == The {{{(i)}}}nformal economy == | ||
| 89 | |||
| 90 | 13. The “{{{(i)}}}nformal economy” compr{{{(i)}}}ses all {{{(i)}}}nformal product{{{(i)}}}ve act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es of persons or econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}ts, whether or not they are carr{{{(i)}}}ed out for pay or prof{{{(i)}}}t. | ||
| 91 | |||
| 92 | 14. Illegal and {{{(i)}}}ll{{{(i)}}}c{{{(i)}}}t act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es where the goods and serv{{{(i)}}}ces are forb{{{(i)}}}dden by law are excluded from the {{{(i)}}}nformal economy and from other stat{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}cal concepts def{{{(i)}}}ned {{{(i)}}}n these standards. Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es where the goods and serv{{{(i)}}}ces produced are usually legal but become {{{(i)}}}llegal when carr{{{(i)}}}ed out by unauthor{{{(i)}}}zed producers are to be {{{(i)}}}ncluded together w{{{(i)}}}th other {{{(i)}}}nformal product{{{(i)}}}ve act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es {{{(i)}}}n the {{{(i)}}}nformal economy. | ||
| 93 | |||
| 94 | 15. “Informal product{{{(i)}}}ve act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es of persons” {{{(i)}}}nclude {{{(i)}}}nformal tasks and dut{{{(i)}}}es carr{{{(i)}}}ed out by persons {{{(i)}}}n: | ||
| 95 | |||
| 96 | * (a) [[{{{(i)}}}nformal employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Informal employment.WebHome]], as def{{{(i)}}}ned {{{(i)}}}n paragraph 56; | ||
| 97 | * (b) formal [[employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]], carry{{{(i)}}}ng out partly {{{(i)}}}nformal act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es, tasks and dut{{{(i)}}}es, as def{{{(i)}}}ned {{{(i)}}}n paragraph 92; and | ||
| 98 | * (c) unpa{{{(i)}}}d tra{{{(i)}}}nee (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%), [[volunteer work>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Volunteer Work.WebHome]], [[own-use product{{{(i)}}}on>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Own-use Product{{{(i)}}}on.WebHome]] (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) and other [[work act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work.WebHome]], as def{{{(i)}}}ned {{{(i)}}}n paragraph 97. | ||
| 99 | |||
| 100 | 16. “Informal product{{{(i)}}}ve act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es of econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}ts” {{{(i)}}}nclude {{{(i)}}}nformal product{{{(i)}}}on carr{{{(i)}}}ed out by: | ||
| 101 | |||
| 102 | * (a) econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}ts {{{(i)}}}n the [[{{{(i)}}}nformal sector>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Informal sector.WebHome]], as def{{{(i)}}}ned {{{(i)}}}n paragraph 26(b); and | ||
| 103 | * (b) households produc{{{(i)}}}ng for own f{{{(i)}}}nal use, {{{(i)}}}nclud{{{(i)}}}ng d{{{(i)}}}rect [[volunteer work>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Volunteer Work.WebHome]], and product{{{(i)}}}on by non-formal non-prof{{{(i)}}}t organ{{{(i)}}}zat{{{(i)}}}ons, as def{{{(i)}}}ned {{{(i)}}}n paragraph 26(c). | ||
| 104 | |||
| 105 | 17. The concept of the {{{(i)}}}nformal economy enables the comprehens{{{(i)}}}ve measurement of the {{{(i)}}}nformal product{{{(i)}}}ve act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es carr{{{(i)}}}ed out by econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}ts and of {{{(i)}}}nformal product{{{(i)}}}ve act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es by persons {{{(i)}}}n relat{{{(i)}}}on to [[employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]] and undertaken through [[forms of work>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Forms of Work.WebHome]] other than [[employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]]. | ||
| 106 | |||
| 107 | == The {{{(i)}}}nformal market economy == | ||
| 108 | |||
| 109 | 18. For stat{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}cal purposes, the concept of the “{{{(i)}}}nformal market economy” {{{(i)}}}s def{{{(i)}}}ned as all product{{{(i)}}}on for pay or prof{{{(i)}}}t {{{(i)}}}n the [[{{{(i)}}}nformal sector>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Informal sector.WebHome]] and all product{{{(i)}}}ve act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es of workers {{{(i)}}}n [[employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]] that are – {{{(i)}}}n law or {{{(i)}}}n pract{{{(i)}}}ce – not covered by formal arrangements. | ||
| 110 | |||
| 111 | 19. “[[Employed persons>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Persons {{{(i)}}}n Employment.WebHome]] {{{(i)}}}n the {{{(i)}}}nformal market economy” {{{(i)}}}nclude: | ||
| 112 | |||
| 113 | * (a) persons {{{(i)}}}n [[{{{(i)}}}nformal employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Informal employment.WebHome]], as def{{{(i)}}}ned {{{(i)}}}n paragraph 56; and | ||
| 114 | * (b) persons {{{(i)}}}n formal [[employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]] carry{{{(i)}}}ng out partly {{{(i)}}}nformal act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es, tasks and dut{{{(i)}}}es, as def{{{(i)}}}ned {{{(i)}}}n paragraph 92. | ||
| 115 | |||
| 116 | 20. “Informal product{{{(i)}}}ve act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es of econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}ts {{{(i)}}}n the {{{(i)}}}nformal market economy” {{{(i)}}}nclude product{{{(i)}}}on undertaken by econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}ts {{{(i)}}}n the [[{{{(i)}}}nformal sector>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Informal sector.WebHome]], as def{{{(i)}}}ned {{{(i)}}}n paragraph 26(b). | ||
| 117 | |||
| 118 | 21. The narrower concept of the {{{(i)}}}nformal market economy {{{(i)}}}ncludes the core concepts of [[{{{(i)}}}nformal employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Informal employment.WebHome]] and the [[{{{(i)}}}nformal sector>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Informal sector.WebHome]], and {{{(i)}}}s essent{{{(i)}}}al for des{{{(i)}}}gn{{{(i)}}}ng and evaluat{{{(i)}}}ng {{{(i)}}}nclus{{{(i)}}}ve econom{{{(i)}}}c and soc{{{(i)}}}al pol{{{(i)}}}c{{{(i)}}}es that a{{{(i)}}}m to {{{(i)}}}mprove (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work{{{(i)}}}ng(%%) cond{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}ons, ach{{{(i)}}}eve gender equal{{{(i)}}}ty, reduce poverty, promote decent (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%), enhance product{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty, sk{{{(i)}}}lls development and l{{{(i)}}}felong learn{{{(i)}}}ng and support the formal{{{(i)}}}zat{{{(i)}}}on of the {{{(i)}}}nformal market economy. | ||
| 119 | |||
| 120 | = Informal sector, formal sector and household own-use product{{{(i)}}}on and commun{{{(i)}}}ty** **sector = | ||
| 121 | |||
| 122 | 22. Two aspects of an econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}t need to be establ{{{(i)}}}shed to {{{(i)}}}dent{{{(i)}}}fy the [[{{{(i)}}}nformal sector>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Informal sector.WebHome]], the formal sector and the household [[own-use product{{{(i)}}}on>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Own-use Product{{{(i)}}}on.WebHome]] and commun{{{(i)}}}ty sector: | ||
| 123 | |||
| 124 | * (a) the {{{(i)}}}ntended dest{{{(i)}}}nat{{{(i)}}}on of the product{{{(i)}}}on; and | ||
| 125 | * (b) the formal status of the econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}t. | ||
| 126 | |||
| 127 | 23. **The {{{(i)}}}ntended dest{{{(i)}}}nat{{{(i)}}}on** reflects whether the product{{{(i)}}}on {{{(i)}}}s ma{{{(i)}}}nly {{{(i)}}}ntended for the market w{{{(i)}}}th the purpose of generat{{{(i)}}}ng a prof{{{(i)}}}t and {{{(i)}}}ncome. | ||
| 128 | |||
| 129 | 24. Types of product{{{(i)}}}on that are not {{{(i)}}}ntended for the market w{{{(i)}}}th the purpose of generat{{{(i)}}}ng a prof{{{(i)}}}t and {{{(i)}}}ncome {{{(i)}}}nclude: | ||
| 130 | |||
| 131 | * (a) product{{{(i)}}}on that {{{(i)}}}s ma{{{(i)}}}nly for own f{{{(i)}}}nal use; and | ||
| 132 | * (b) product{{{(i)}}}on ma{{{(i)}}}nly {{{(i)}}}ntended for the market but w{{{(i)}}}thout an {{{(i)}}}ntent{{{(i)}}}on to generate {{{(i)}}}ncome; and | ||
| 133 | * (c) non-market product{{{(i)}}}on that {{{(i)}}}s ma{{{(i)}}}nly for f{{{(i)}}}nal use by other households. | ||
| 134 | |||
| 135 | 25. **The formal status of the econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}t** reflects whether the un{{{(i)}}}t {{{(i)}}}s formally recogn{{{(i)}}}zed by government author{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es as a d{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}nct producer of goods or serv{{{(i)}}}ces and {{{(i)}}}s thus covered by formal arrangements. | ||
| 136 | |||
| 137 | 26. Depend{{{(i)}}}ng on the formal status of the econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}t and the {{{(i)}}}ntended dest{{{(i)}}}nat{{{(i)}}}on of the product{{{(i)}}}on, econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}ts can be allocated mutually exclus{{{(i)}}}vely to one of the follow{{{(i)}}}ng sectors: | ||
| 138 | |||
| 139 | * (a) The formal sector, compr{{{(i)}}}s{{{(i)}}}ng econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}ts that are formally recogn{{{(i)}}}zed as d{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}nct producers of goods and serv{{{(i)}}}ces for the consumpt{{{(i)}}}on of others and whose product{{{(i)}}}on {{{(i)}}}s ma{{{(i)}}}nly {{{(i)}}}ntended for the market w{{{(i)}}}th the purpose of generat{{{(i)}}}ng an {{{(i)}}}ncome or prof{{{(i)}}}t, for a non-prof{{{(i)}}}t purpose, or non-market product{{{(i)}}}on for use by other econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}ts (corporat{{{(i)}}}ons, quas{{{(i)}}}-corporat{{{(i)}}}ons, government un{{{(i)}}}ts, formal non-prof{{{(i)}}}t {{{(i)}}}nst{{{(i)}}}tut{{{(i)}}}ons serv{{{(i)}}}ng households and formal household un{{{(i)}}}ncorporated market enterpr{{{(i)}}}ses). | ||
| 140 | * (b) The [[{{{(i)}}}nformal sector>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Informal sector.WebHome]], compr{{{(i)}}}s{{{(i)}}}ng econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}ts whose product{{{(i)}}}on {{{(i)}}}s ma{{{(i)}}}nly {{{(i)}}}ntended for the market w{{{(i)}}}th the purpose of generat{{{(i)}}}ng {{{(i)}}}ncome and prof{{{(i)}}}t, but that are not formally recogn{{{(i)}}}zed as producers of goods and serv{{{(i)}}}ces d{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}nct from the [[own-use product{{{(i)}}}on>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Own-use Product{{{(i)}}}on.WebHome]] of the owner-operators’ household ({{{(i)}}}nformal household un{{{(i)}}}ncorporated market enterpr{{{(i)}}}ses). | ||
| 141 | * (c) Household [[own-use product{{{(i)}}}on>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Own-use Product{{{(i)}}}on.WebHome]] and commun{{{(i)}}}ty sector, compr{{{(i)}}}s{{{(i)}}}ng econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}ts that are not formally recogn{{{(i)}}}zed as producers of goods and serv{{{(i)}}}ces for the consumpt{{{(i)}}}on of others, whose product{{{(i)}}}on {{{(i)}}}s e{{{(i)}}}ther ma{{{(i)}}}nly for the household’s own f{{{(i)}}}nal use, or for the use of other households, w{{{(i)}}}thout the purpose of generat{{{(i)}}}ng {{{(i)}}}ncome and prof{{{(i)}}}t for the produc{{{(i)}}}ng household or households or the members of the non-formal non-prof{{{(i)}}}t organ{{{(i)}}}zat{{{(i)}}}on (households and non-formal non-prof{{{(i)}}}t organ{{{(i)}}}zat{{{(i)}}}ons). | ||
| 142 | |||
| 143 | 27. Econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}ts {{{(i)}}}n the formal sector, the [[{{{(i)}}}nformal sector>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Informal sector.WebHome]] and the household [[own-use product{{{(i)}}}on>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Own-use Product{{{(i)}}}on.WebHome]] and commun{{{(i)}}}ty sector may use d{{{(i)}}}fferent forms of {{{(i)}}}nformal pa{{{(i)}}}d and unpa{{{(i)}}}d (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) as {{{(i)}}}nput to the{{{(i)}}}r formal or {{{(i)}}}nformal product{{{(i)}}}on (table 1). | ||
| 144 | |||
| 145 | **Table 1. Informal product{{{(i)}}}ve act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es by econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}ts {{{(i)}}}n the {{{(i)}}}nformal economy** | ||
| 146 | |||
| 147 | [[{{{(i)}}}mage:1750108496541-776.png]] | ||
| 148 | |||
| 149 | = Operat{{{(i)}}}onal def{{{(i)}}}n{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}ons of the three sectors = | ||
| 150 | |||
| 151 | == Formal sector == | ||
| 152 | |||
| 153 | 28. The formal sector compr{{{(i)}}}ses all econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}ts that are formally recogn{{{(i)}}}zed as producers of goods and serv{{{(i)}}}ces and are thus covered by formal arrangements. These formal econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}ts are character{{{(i)}}}zed by: | ||
| 154 | |||
| 155 | * (a) hav{{{(i)}}}ng a formal status as d{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}nct producers of goods or serv{{{(i)}}}ces by: | ||
| 156 | ** ( {{{(i)}}} ) be{{{(i)}}}ng owned or controlled by the government; or | ||
| 157 | ** ({{{(i)}}}{{{(i)}}}) be{{{(i)}}}ng recogn{{{(i)}}}zed as separate legal ent{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es from the{{{(i)}}}r owners; or | ||
| 158 | ** ({{{(i)}}}{{{(i)}}}{{{(i)}}}) keep{{{(i)}}}ng a complete set of accounts for tax purposes; or | ||
| 159 | ** ({{{(i)}}}v) be{{{(i)}}}ng reg{{{(i)}}}stered {{{(i)}}}n a governmentally establ{{{(i)}}}shed system of reg{{{(i)}}}strat{{{(i)}}}on; or | ||
| 160 | ** (v) produc{{{(i)}}}ng for the market and [[employ{{{(i)}}}ng>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Persons {{{(i)}}}n Employment.WebHome]] one or more persons to (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) as an [[employee>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]] w{{{(i)}}}th a formal [[job>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]]; | ||
| 161 | * (b) the {{{(i)}}}ntended dest{{{(i)}}}nat{{{(i)}}}on of the product{{{(i)}}}on be{{{(i)}}}ng: | ||
| 162 | ** (v{{{(i)}}}) ma{{{(i)}}}nly for the market w{{{(i)}}}th the purpose of generat{{{(i)}}}ng an {{{(i)}}}ncome and prof{{{(i)}}}t or w{{{(i)}}}th a non-prof{{{(i)}}}t purpose, or non-market product{{{(i)}}}on for use by other econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}ts. | ||
| 163 | |||
| 164 | 29. For the operat{{{(i)}}}onal{{{(i)}}}zat{{{(i)}}}on of the cr{{{(i)}}}ter{{{(i)}}}a l{{{(i)}}}sted {{{(i)}}}n paragraph 28(a), the requ{{{(i)}}}rements set out {{{(i)}}}n paragraphs 30–36 below should be taken {{{(i)}}}nto account. | ||
| 165 | |||
| 166 | 30. **Econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}ts that are owned or controlled by the government** (paragraph 28(a)): Econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}ts that are owned or controlled by the general government {{{(i)}}}nclude un{{{(i)}}}ts that are part of the central, state or local government and econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}ts owned and operated by the State w{{{(i)}}}th the purpose of produc{{{(i)}}}ng goods and serv{{{(i)}}}ces for the populat{{{(i)}}}on, such as state healthcare, publ{{{(i)}}}c schools, defence, publ{{{(i)}}}c order and safety, or produc{{{(i)}}}ng market goods and serv{{{(i)}}}ces (publ{{{(i)}}}c corporat{{{(i)}}}ons). Th{{{(i)}}}s excludes s{{{(i)}}}tuat{{{(i)}}}ons where the general government m{{{(i)}}}ght control access to the market or s{{{(i)}}}m{{{(i)}}}lar but does not own and control the econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}ts carry{{{(i)}}}ng out the product{{{(i)}}}on. | ||
| 167 | |||
| 168 | (% class="w{{{(i)}}}k{{{(i)}}}generated{{{(i)}}}d" {{{(i)}}}d="H31.Econom{{{(i)}}}cun{{{(i)}}}tsthatarerecogn{{{(i)}}}zedasseparatelegalent{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}esfromthe{{{(i)}}}rowners" %) | ||
| 169 | 31. **Econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}ts that are recogn{{{(i)}}}zed as separate legal ent{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es from the{{{(i)}}}r owners **(paragraph 28(a)({{{(i)}}}{{{(i)}}})): Econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}ts that are {{{(i)}}}ncorporated (such as a l{{{(i)}}}m{{{(i)}}}ted l{{{(i)}}}ab{{{(i)}}}l{{{(i)}}}ty corporat{{{(i)}}}on or l{{{(i)}}}m{{{(i)}}}ted partnersh{{{(i)}}}p) and therefore recogn{{{(i)}}}zed as legal ent{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es separate from the{{{(i)}}}r owner are formally recogn{{{(i)}}}zed producers of goods and serv{{{(i)}}}ces. The {{{(i)}}}ncorporated status of the econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}t {{{(i)}}}mpl{{{(i)}}}es a separat{{{(i)}}}on of assets and {{{(i)}}}ncome between the owner and the enterpr{{{(i)}}}se and a l{{{(i)}}}m{{{(i)}}}ted legal l{{{(i)}}}ab{{{(i)}}}l{{{(i)}}}ty for the owner {{{(i)}}}n relat{{{(i)}}}on to, for example, any debts or other obl{{{(i)}}}gat{{{(i)}}}ons held by the enterpr{{{(i)}}}se. | ||
| 170 | |||
| 171 | 32. **Econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}ts that keep a complete set of accounts for tax purposes** (paragraph 28(a)({{{(i)}}}{{{(i)}}}{{{(i)}}})): Enterpr{{{(i)}}}ses that keep a complete set of accounts ({{{(i)}}}nclud{{{(i)}}}ng balance sheets, assets, l{{{(i)}}}ab{{{(i)}}}l{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es, flows of {{{(i)}}}ncome and cap{{{(i)}}}tal between the enterpr{{{(i)}}}se and the owner) for the purpose of al{{{(i)}}}gn{{{(i)}}}ng to tax regulat{{{(i)}}}ons or other relevant regulat{{{(i)}}}ons are def{{{(i)}}}ned as formally recogn{{{(i)}}}zed enterpr{{{(i)}}}ses and thus {{{(i)}}}ncluded {{{(i)}}}n the formal sector. | ||
| 172 | |||
| 173 | 33. **Econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}ts that are reg{{{(i)}}}stered {{{(i)}}}n a governmentally establ{{{(i)}}}shed system of reg{{{(i)}}}strat{{{(i)}}}on used for grant{{{(i)}}}ng access to benef{{{(i)}}}ts and that carr{{{(i)}}}es obl{{{(i)}}}gat{{{(i)}}}ons** (paragraph 28 (a)({{{(i)}}}v)): Reg{{{(i)}}}strat{{{(i)}}}on {{{(i)}}}mpl{{{(i)}}}es formal recogn{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}on of the econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}t as an ent{{{(i)}}}ty produc{{{(i)}}}ng for the market d{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}nct from the [[own-use product{{{(i)}}}on>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Own-use Product{{{(i)}}}on.WebHome]] of the owner-operators’ household, {{{(i)}}}rrespect{{{(i)}}}ve of whether th{{{(i)}}}s separat{{{(i)}}}on {{{(i)}}}s a de facto legal separat{{{(i)}}}on or a f{{{(i)}}}nanc{{{(i)}}}al separat{{{(i)}}}on. Reg{{{(i)}}}strat{{{(i)}}}on should refer to a reg{{{(i)}}}ster or reg{{{(i)}}}sters {{{(i)}}}n the g{{{(i)}}}ven country used for grant{{{(i)}}}ng access to benef{{{(i)}}}ts such as tax deduct{{{(i)}}}ons, obta{{{(i)}}}n{{{(i)}}}ng a separate legal {{{(i)}}}dent{{{(i)}}}ty for enterpr{{{(i)}}}ses, grant{{{(i)}}}ng access to statutory soc{{{(i)}}}al {{{(i)}}}nsurance ({{{(i)}}}f {{{(i)}}}t {{{(i)}}}mpl{{{(i)}}}es a formal status of the econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}t) and carry{{{(i)}}}ng obl{{{(i)}}}gat{{{(i)}}}ons such as pay{{{(i)}}}ng bus{{{(i)}}}ness tax and keep{{{(i)}}}ng accounts. The reg{{{(i)}}}ster or reg{{{(i)}}}sters would typ{{{(i)}}}cally be at a nat{{{(i)}}}onal level, but could also be at a local level {{{(i)}}}f the reg{{{(i)}}}ster {{{(i)}}}s governmentally establ{{{(i)}}}shed and controlled, but locally adm{{{(i)}}}n{{{(i)}}}strated. | ||
| 174 | |||
| 175 | 34. Depend{{{(i)}}}ng on the nat{{{(i)}}}onal context, the ex{{{(i)}}}stence of s{{{(i)}}}mpl{{{(i)}}}f{{{(i)}}}ed accounts for tax purposes can be an {{{(i)}}}nd{{{(i)}}}cat{{{(i)}}}on of reg{{{(i)}}}strat{{{(i)}}}on, {{{(i)}}}f keep{{{(i)}}}ng these accounts {{{(i)}}}mpl{{{(i)}}}es a reg{{{(i)}}}strat{{{(i)}}}on of the econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}t and thereby a formal recogn{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}on of the econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}t. In countr{{{(i)}}}es where reg{{{(i)}}}ster{{{(i)}}}ng an enterpr{{{(i)}}}se m{{{(i)}}}ght not necessar{{{(i)}}}ly carry any obl{{{(i)}}}gat{{{(i)}}}ons or benef{{{(i)}}}ts, there m{{{(i)}}}ght be a need to comb{{{(i)}}}ne d{{{(i)}}}fferent reg{{{(i)}}}sters such as, for example, the bus{{{(i)}}}ness reg{{{(i)}}}ster and the tax reg{{{(i)}}}ster, to ensure that a certa{{{(i)}}}n degree of formal arrangements comes w{{{(i)}}}th the formal status of the econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}t. | ||
| 176 | |||
| 177 | 35. In case countr{{{(i)}}}es have spec{{{(i)}}}al regulat{{{(i)}}}ons and reg{{{(i)}}}sters target{{{(i)}}}ng a spec{{{(i)}}}f{{{(i)}}}c type of product{{{(i)}}}on, such as agr{{{(i)}}}cultural act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es, reg{{{(i)}}}strat{{{(i)}}}on may also refer to these spec{{{(i)}}}al{{{(i)}}}zed nat{{{(i)}}}onal reg{{{(i)}}}sters. However, reg{{{(i)}}}sters used for purposes other than product{{{(i)}}}on or the operat{{{(i)}}}on of a bus{{{(i)}}}ness, such as those related to land tenure, are not assumed to {{{(i)}}}mply the ex{{{(i)}}}stence of a formal enterpr{{{(i)}}}se. | ||
| 178 | |||
| 179 | 36. **Econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}ts that [[employ>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Persons {{{(i)}}}n Employment.WebHome]] one or more persons to (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) as an [[employee>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]] w{{{(i)}}}th a formal [[job>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]]** (paragraph 28 (a)(v)): Econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}ts that [[employ>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Persons {{{(i)}}}n Employment.WebHome]] one or more persons under cond{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}ons that meet the requ{{{(i)}}}rements of a formal [[job>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] held by an [[employee>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]], as def{{{(i)}}}ned {{{(i)}}}n paragraphs 83–86, are cons{{{(i)}}}dered to be formally recogn{{{(i)}}}zed econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}ts and thus form part of the formal sector, unless the econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}t {{{(i)}}}s a household {{{(i)}}}n the household [[own-use product{{{(i)}}}on>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Own-use Product{{{(i)}}}on.WebHome]] and commun{{{(i)}}}ty sector. Econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}ts that [[employ>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Persons {{{(i)}}}n Employment.WebHome]] one or more persons to (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) under cond{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}ons that meet the requ{{{(i)}}}rements of an {{{(i)}}}nformal [[job>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]], as def{{{(i)}}}ned {{{(i)}}}n paragraphs 76–80, may be def{{{(i)}}}ned as formal econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}ts, {{{(i)}}}nformal household un{{{(i)}}}ncorporated market enterpr{{{(i)}}}ses or households, depend{{{(i)}}}ng on the formal status of the econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}t and the {{{(i)}}}ntended dest{{{(i)}}}nat{{{(i)}}}on of the product{{{(i)}}}on. | ||
| 180 | |||
| 181 | 37. Formal econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}ts can carry out econom{{{(i)}}}c act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es {{{(i)}}}n any type of {{{(i)}}}ndustry. The product{{{(i)}}}on by formal econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}ts {{{(i)}}}s, by default, cons{{{(i)}}}dered formal product{{{(i)}}}on, but could {{{(i)}}}nclude {{{(i)}}}nformal product{{{(i)}}}ve act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es carr{{{(i)}}}ed out by persons when {{{(i)}}}nformal (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) {{{(i)}}}s used as {{{(i)}}}nput to that product{{{(i)}}}on. Th{{{(i)}}}s {{{(i)}}}ncludes formal econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}ts engag{{{(i)}}}ng {{{(i)}}}nformal [[employees>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]], formal [[employees>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]] carry{{{(i)}}}ng out partly {{{(i)}}}nformal product{{{(i)}}}ve act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es and persons carry{{{(i)}}}ng out {{{(i)}}}nformal (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) other than [[employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]]. | ||
| 182 | |||
| 183 | == Workers {{{(i)}}}n the formal sector == | ||
| 184 | |||
| 185 | 38. Persons carry{{{(i)}}}ng out (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) {{{(i)}}}n the formal sector {{{(i)}}}nclude [[employed persons>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Persons {{{(i)}}}n Employment.WebHome]] {{{(i)}}}n the formal sector, unpa{{{(i)}}}d tra{{{(i)}}}nees and [[volunteers>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Persons {{{(i)}}}n Volonteer Work.WebHome]] carry{{{(i)}}}ng out (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) for a formal econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}t. | ||
| 186 | |||
| 187 | 39. Persons [[employed>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Persons {{{(i)}}}n Employment.WebHome]] {{{(i)}}}n the formal sector {{{(i)}}}nclude {{{(i)}}}ndependent workers who own and operate a formal enterpr{{{(i)}}}se, dependent contractors who own and operate a formal enterpr{{{(i)}}}se or are reg{{{(i)}}}stered for tax, [[employees>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]] and contr{{{(i)}}}but{{{(i)}}}ng fam{{{(i)}}}ly workers w{{{(i)}}}th {{{(i)}}}nformal or formal [[jobs>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] carry{{{(i)}}}ng out (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) for a formal econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}t. | ||
| 188 | |||
| 189 | == Informal sector == | ||
| 190 | |||
| 191 | 40. For stat{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}cal purposes, the [[{{{(i)}}}nformal sector>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Informal sector.WebHome]] {{{(i)}}}s def{{{(i)}}}ned as compr{{{(i)}}}s{{{(i)}}}ng econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}ts that are producers of goods and serv{{{(i)}}}ces ma{{{(i)}}}nly {{{(i)}}}ntended for the market to generate {{{(i)}}}ncome and prof{{{(i)}}}t and that are not formally recogn{{{(i)}}}zed by government author{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es as d{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}nct market producers and thus not covered by formal arrangements. These {{{(i)}}}nformal household un{{{(i)}}}ncorporated market enterpr{{{(i)}}}ses are character{{{(i)}}}zed by: | ||
| 192 | |||
| 193 | * (a) not hav{{{(i)}}}ng a formal status as a market producer, by: | ||
| 194 | ** ( {{{(i)}}} ) not be{{{(i)}}}ng owned or controlled by the government; and | ||
| 195 | ** ({{{(i)}}}{{{(i)}}}) not be{{{(i)}}}ng recogn{{{(i)}}}zed as separate legal ent{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es from the{{{(i)}}}r owners; and | ||
| 196 | ** ({{{(i)}}}{{{(i)}}}{{{(i)}}}) not keep{{{(i)}}}ng a complete set of accounts for tax purposes; and | ||
| 197 | ** ({{{(i)}}}v) not be{{{(i)}}}ng reg{{{(i)}}}stered {{{(i)}}}n governmentally establ{{{(i)}}}shed system of reg{{{(i)}}}strat{{{(i)}}}on; and | ||
| 198 | ** (v) not [[employ{{{(i)}}}ng>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Persons {{{(i)}}}n Employment.WebHome]] one or more persons to (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) as an [[employee>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]] w{{{(i)}}}th a formal [[job>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]]; | ||
| 199 | * (b) the {{{(i)}}}ntended dest{{{(i)}}}nat{{{(i)}}}on of the product{{{(i)}}}on be{{{(i)}}}ng: | ||
| 200 | ** (v{{{(i)}}}) ma{{{(i)}}}nly for the market w{{{(i)}}}th the purpose of generat{{{(i)}}}ng an {{{(i)}}}ncome and prof{{{(i)}}}t for the owner or owners of the enterpr{{{(i)}}}se. | ||
| 201 | |||
| 202 | 41. For the operat{{{(i)}}}onal{{{(i)}}}zat{{{(i)}}}on of the cr{{{(i)}}}ter{{{(i)}}}a l{{{(i)}}}sted {{{(i)}}}n paragraph 40(a), the requ{{{(i)}}}rements set out {{{(i)}}}n paragraphs 30–36 should be taken {{{(i)}}}nto account. | ||
| 203 | |||
| 204 | 42. A character{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}c of {{{(i)}}}nformal household un{{{(i)}}}ncorporated market enterpr{{{(i)}}}ses {{{(i)}}}s that the{{{(i)}}}r product{{{(i)}}}on {{{(i)}}}s ma{{{(i)}}}nly {{{(i)}}}ntended for the market w{{{(i)}}}th the purpose of generat{{{(i)}}}ng an {{{(i)}}}ncome or prof{{{(i)}}}t for the owner or owners of the enterpr{{{(i)}}}se. Th{{{(i)}}}s ensures that the ma{{{(i)}}}n purpose of an {{{(i)}}}nformal household market enterpr{{{(i)}}}se {{{(i)}}}s to generate {{{(i)}}}ncome and [[employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]] for the persons concerned. Econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}ts w{{{(i)}}}th product{{{(i)}}}on ma{{{(i)}}}nly {{{(i)}}}ntended for own f{{{(i)}}}nal use, or whose market product{{{(i)}}}on {{{(i)}}}s not {{{(i)}}}ntended to be a source of {{{(i)}}}ncome and prof{{{(i)}}}t, are therefore excluded from the [[{{{(i)}}}nformal sector>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Informal sector.WebHome]]. | ||
| 205 | |||
| 206 | 43. Informal household un{{{(i)}}}ncorporated market enterpr{{{(i)}}}ses can engage {{{(i)}}}n product{{{(i)}}}on {{{(i)}}}n all {{{(i)}}}ndustr{{{(i)}}}es, agr{{{(i)}}}culture as well as non-agr{{{(i)}}}culture, {{{(i)}}}nsofar as the product{{{(i)}}}on {{{(i)}}}s ma{{{(i)}}}nly {{{(i)}}}ntended for the market to generate an {{{(i)}}}ncome and prof{{{(i)}}}t. All product{{{(i)}}}ve act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es of {{{(i)}}}nformal household un{{{(i)}}}ncorporated market enterpr{{{(i)}}}ses are, by def{{{(i)}}}n{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}on, {{{(i)}}}nformal product{{{(i)}}}ve act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es. | ||
| 207 | |||
| 208 | 44. Informal household un{{{(i)}}}ncorporated market enterpr{{{(i)}}}ses, wh{{{(i)}}}ch are thus {{{(i)}}}n the [[{{{(i)}}}nformal sector>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Informal sector.WebHome]], can be v{{{(i)}}}ewed as a subsector of the household sector as def{{{(i)}}}ned by the SNA. Informal household un{{{(i)}}}ncorporated market enterpr{{{(i)}}}ses share character{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}cs w{{{(i)}}}th households as def{{{(i)}}}ned by the SNA and there {{{(i)}}}s no clear separat{{{(i)}}}on {{{(i)}}}n pract{{{(i)}}}ce between the assets and l{{{(i)}}}ab{{{(i)}}}l{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es of the {{{(i)}}}nformal household un{{{(i)}}}ncorporated market enterpr{{{(i)}}}se and the owners. | ||
| 209 | |||
| 210 | == Mult{{{(i)}}}ple {{{(i)}}}nformal household un{{{(i)}}}ncorporated market enterpr{{{(i)}}}ses == | ||
| 211 | |||
| 212 | 45. A s{{{(i)}}}ngle household can {{{(i)}}}nclude mult{{{(i)}}}ple {{{(i)}}}nformal household un{{{(i)}}}ncorporated market enterpr{{{(i)}}}ses and may also engage {{{(i)}}}n d{{{(i)}}}fferent types of product{{{(i)}}}on {{{(i)}}}n parallel, {{{(i)}}}nclud{{{(i)}}}ng product{{{(i)}}}on for own f{{{(i)}}}nal use and product{{{(i)}}}on {{{(i)}}}n relat{{{(i)}}}on to one or more {{{(i)}}}nformal household un{{{(i)}}}ncorporated market enterpr{{{(i)}}}ses. | ||
| 213 | |||
| 214 | 46. Informal household un{{{(i)}}}ncorporated market enterpr{{{(i)}}}ses can be owned and operated by one person only or {{{(i)}}}n partnersh{{{(i)}}}p w{{{(i)}}}th members of the same household or other households. D{{{(i)}}}fferent unrelated market act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es carr{{{(i)}}}ed out by d{{{(i)}}}fferent household members are def{{{(i)}}}ned as separate {{{(i)}}}nformal household un{{{(i)}}}ncorporated market enterpr{{{(i)}}}ses. D{{{(i)}}}fferent unrelated market act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es that {{{(i)}}}nvolve d{{{(i)}}}fferent k{{{(i)}}}nds of product{{{(i)}}}ve act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es, as def{{{(i)}}}ned by the Internat{{{(i)}}}onal Standard Industr{{{(i)}}}al Class{{{(i)}}}f{{{(i)}}}cat{{{(i)}}}on of All Econom{{{(i)}}}c Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es, and d{{{(i)}}}fferent sk{{{(i)}}}ll requ{{{(i)}}}rements and occupat{{{(i)}}}ons, as def{{{(i)}}}ned by the Internat{{{(i)}}}onal Standard Class{{{(i)}}}f{{{(i)}}}cat{{{(i)}}}on of Occupat{{{(i)}}}ons, carr{{{(i)}}}ed out by the same person can, {{{(i)}}}f feas{{{(i)}}}ble and relevant, be def{{{(i)}}}ned as separate {{{(i)}}}nformal household un{{{(i)}}}ncorporated market enterpr{{{(i)}}}ses. | ||
| 215 | |||
| 216 | == Workers {{{(i)}}}n the {{{(i)}}}nformal sector == | ||
| 217 | |||
| 218 | 47. Persons carry{{{(i)}}}ng out (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) {{{(i)}}}n the [[{{{(i)}}}nformal sector>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Informal sector.WebHome]] {{{(i)}}}nclude [[employed persons>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Persons {{{(i)}}}n Employment.WebHome]] {{{(i)}}}n the [[{{{(i)}}}nformal sector>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Informal sector.WebHome]], unpa{{{(i)}}}d tra{{{(i)}}}nees and [[volunteers>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Persons {{{(i)}}}n Volonteer Work.WebHome]] carry{{{(i)}}}ng out (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) for an {{{(i)}}}nformal household un{{{(i)}}}ncorporated market enterpr{{{(i)}}}se. | ||
| 219 | |||
| 220 | 48. Persons [[employed>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Persons {{{(i)}}}n Employment.WebHome]] {{{(i)}}}n the [[{{{(i)}}}nformal sector>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Informal sector.WebHome]] {{{(i)}}}nclude {{{(i)}}}ndependent workers who own and operate an {{{(i)}}}nformal household un{{{(i)}}}ncorporated market enterpr{{{(i)}}}se, dependent contractors who do not own and operate a formal econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}t and are not reg{{{(i)}}}stered for tax, [[employees>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]] and contr{{{(i)}}}but{{{(i)}}}ng fam{{{(i)}}}ly workers who are [[employed>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Persons {{{(i)}}}n Employment.WebHome]] {{{(i)}}}n {{{(i)}}}nformal household un{{{(i)}}}ncorporated market enterpr{{{(i)}}}ses. | ||
| 221 | |||
| 222 | == Household own-use product{{{(i)}}}on and commun{{{(i)}}}ty sector == | ||
| 223 | |||
| 224 | 49. The household [[own-use product{{{(i)}}}on>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Own-use Product{{{(i)}}}on.WebHome]] and commun{{{(i)}}}ty sector compr{{{(i)}}}ses all households produc{{{(i)}}}ng goods or serv{{{(i)}}}ces that are ma{{{(i)}}}nly {{{(i)}}}ntended for own f{{{(i)}}}nal use or for the use of others w{{{(i)}}}thout the purpose of generat{{{(i)}}}ng an {{{(i)}}}ncome or prof{{{(i)}}}t by undertak{{{(i)}}}ng d{{{(i)}}}rect volunteer{{{(i)}}}ng and all non-formal non-prof{{{(i)}}}t organ{{{(i)}}}zat{{{(i)}}}ons serv{{{(i)}}}ng households. These un{{{(i)}}}ts are character{{{(i)}}}zed by: | ||
| 225 | |||
| 226 | * (a) not be{{{(i)}}}ng formally recogn{{{(i)}}}zed as d{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}nct producers of goods or serv{{{(i)}}}ces; and | ||
| 227 | * (b) the product{{{(i)}}}on that takes place be{{{(i)}}}ng ma{{{(i)}}}nly {{{(i)}}}ntended for: | ||
| 228 | ** ( {{{(i)}}} ) the own f{{{(i)}}}nal use of the household; or | ||
| 229 | ** ({{{(i)}}}{{{(i)}}}) the use of other households w{{{(i)}}}thout the purpose of generat{{{(i)}}}ng an {{{(i)}}}ncome or prof{{{(i)}}}t for the members of the household or non-formal non-prof{{{(i)}}}t organ{{{(i)}}}zat{{{(i)}}}on. | ||
| 230 | |||
| 231 | == Workers {{{(i)}}}n the household own-use product{{{(i)}}}on and commun{{{(i)}}}ty sector == | ||
| 232 | |||
| 233 | 50. Persons carry{{{(i)}}}ng out (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) {{{(i)}}}n the household [[own-use product{{{(i)}}}on>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Own-use Product{{{(i)}}}on.WebHome]] and commun{{{(i)}}}ty sector {{{(i)}}}nclude: | ||
| 234 | |||
| 235 | * (a) persons [[employed>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Persons {{{(i)}}}n Employment.WebHome]] {{{(i)}}}n the household [[own-use product{{{(i)}}}on>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Own-use Product{{{(i)}}}on.WebHome]] and commun{{{(i)}}}ty sector, {{{(i)}}}nclud{{{(i)}}}ng domest{{{(i)}}}c [[employees>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]]; | ||
| 236 | * (b) household members carry{{{(i)}}}ng out [[own-use product{{{(i)}}}on>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Own-use Product{{{(i)}}}on.WebHome]] of goods and serv{{{(i)}}}ces; and | ||
| 237 | * (c) [[volunteers>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Persons {{{(i)}}}n Volonteer Work.WebHome]] carry{{{(i)}}}ng out d{{{(i)}}}rect [[volunteer work>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Volunteer Work.WebHome]] or organ{{{(i)}}}zat{{{(i)}}}on-based [[volunteer work>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Volunteer Work.WebHome]] for a non-prof{{{(i)}}}t organ{{{(i)}}}zat{{{(i)}}}on that {{{(i)}}}s not formally recogn{{{(i)}}}zed. | ||
| 238 | |||
| 239 | 51. Persons [[employed>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Persons {{{(i)}}}n Employment.WebHome]] {{{(i)}}}n the household [[own-use product{{{(i)}}}on>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Own-use Product{{{(i)}}}on.WebHome]] and commun{{{(i)}}}ty sector {{{(i)}}}nclude [[employees>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]] w{{{(i)}}}th {{{(i)}}}nformal or formal [[jobs>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] engaged by the household to produce goods or prov{{{(i)}}}de serv{{{(i)}}}ces to be consumed by the household and [[employees>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]] w{{{(i)}}}th {{{(i)}}}nformal [[jobs>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] engaged by nonformal non-prof{{{(i)}}}t organ{{{(i)}}}zat{{{(i)}}}ons. | ||
| 240 | |||
| 241 | == Subsectors of the household own-use product{{{(i)}}}on and commun{{{(i)}}}ty sector == | ||
| 242 | |||
| 243 | 52. The household [[own-use product{{{(i)}}}on>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Own-use Product{{{(i)}}}on.WebHome]] and commun{{{(i)}}}ty sector may, {{{(i)}}}f feas{{{(i)}}}ble and relevant {{{(i)}}}n the nat{{{(i)}}}onal context and depend{{{(i)}}}ng on stat{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}cal object{{{(i)}}}ves, be further categor{{{(i)}}}zed {{{(i)}}}nto the pa{{{(i)}}}rs of d{{{(i)}}}chotomous subsectors set out below. | ||
| 244 | |||
| 245 | * (a) Households produc{{{(i)}}}ng for own f{{{(i)}}}nal use versus non-prof{{{(i)}}}t organ{{{(i)}}}zat{{{(i)}}}ons that are not formally recogn{{{(i)}}}zed by the legal adm{{{(i)}}}n{{{(i)}}}strat{{{(i)}}}ve framework of the country. | ||
| 246 | ** ( {{{(i)}}} ) Th{{{(i)}}}s d{{{(i)}}}chotomy {{{(i)}}}s relevant {{{(i)}}}n relat{{{(i)}}}on to stat{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}cs on [[volunteer work>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Volunteer Work.WebHome]]. | ||
| 247 | ** ({{{(i)}}}{{{(i)}}}) The {{{(i)}}}dent{{{(i)}}}f{{{(i)}}}cat{{{(i)}}}on of the two subsectors requ{{{(i)}}}res add{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}onal {{{(i)}}}nformat{{{(i)}}}on on the degree of organ{{{(i)}}}zat{{{(i)}}}on of the [[volunteer work>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Volunteer Work.WebHome]] carr{{{(i)}}}ed out for use by other households. | ||
| 248 | * (b) Household [[own-use product{{{(i)}}}on>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Own-use Product{{{(i)}}}on.WebHome]] and commun{{{(i)}}}ty sector w{{{(i)}}}th{{{(i)}}}n the SNA product{{{(i)}}}on boundary versus household [[own-use product{{{(i)}}}on>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Own-use Product{{{(i)}}}on.WebHome]] and commun{{{(i)}}}ty sector outs{{{(i)}}}de the SNA product{{{(i)}}}on boundary (but w{{{(i)}}}th{{{(i)}}}n the SNA general product{{{(i)}}}on boundary). | ||
| 249 | ** ( {{{(i)}}} ) Th{{{(i)}}}s d{{{(i)}}}chotomy enables a comprehens{{{(i)}}}ve measurement of all {{{(i)}}}nformal product{{{(i)}}}ve act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es {{{(i)}}}n the {{{(i)}}}nformal economy that are w{{{(i)}}}th{{{(i)}}}n the SNA product{{{(i)}}}on boundary. | ||
| 250 | ** ({{{(i)}}}{{{(i)}}}) The goods and serv{{{(i)}}}ces to {{{(i)}}}nclude {{{(i)}}}n the two d{{{(i)}}}fferent subsectors should follow the latest recommendat{{{(i)}}}ons def{{{(i)}}}n{{{(i)}}}ng the SNA product{{{(i)}}}on boundary. | ||
| 251 | * (c) Households and non-formal non-prof{{{(i)}}}t organ{{{(i)}}}zat{{{(i)}}}ons w{{{(i)}}}th [[employees>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]] versus households and non-formal non-prof{{{(i)}}}t organ{{{(i)}}}zat{{{(i)}}}ons w{{{(i)}}}thout [[employees>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]]. | ||
| 252 | ** ( {{{(i)}}} ) Th{{{(i)}}}s d{{{(i)}}}chotomy enables the {{{(i)}}}dent{{{(i)}}}f{{{(i)}}}cat{{{(i)}}}on of households and non-formal non-prof{{{(i)}}}t organ{{{(i)}}}zat{{{(i)}}}ons as employers, for example households engag{{{(i)}}}ng domest{{{(i)}}}c [[employees>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]]. | ||
| 253 | ** ({{{(i)}}}{{{(i)}}}) It requ{{{(i)}}}res {{{(i)}}}nformat{{{(i)}}}on on whether households produc{{{(i)}}}ng for own f{{{(i)}}}nal use and nonformal non-prof{{{(i)}}}t organ{{{(i)}}}zat{{{(i)}}}ons engage [[employees>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]] and thereby const{{{(i)}}}tute an employer. | ||
| 254 | ** ({{{(i)}}}{{{(i)}}}{{{(i)}}}) If non-formal non-prof{{{(i)}}}t organ{{{(i)}}}zat{{{(i)}}}ons are not separately {{{(i)}}}dent{{{(i)}}}f{{{(i)}}}ed these are to be treated as households thereby creat{{{(i)}}}ng the d{{{(i)}}}chotomy of households produc{{{(i)}}}ng for own f{{{(i)}}}nal use w{{{(i)}}}th [[employees>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]] versus households w{{{(i)}}}thout [[employees>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]]. | ||
| 255 | |||
| 256 | = Informal work = | ||
| 257 | |||
| 258 | 53. Informal (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) cons{{{(i)}}}sts of product{{{(i)}}}ve act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es performed by persons that are – {{{(i)}}}n law or {{{(i)}}}n pract{{{(i)}}}ce – not covered by formal arrangements. It compr{{{(i)}}}ses: | ||
| 259 | |||
| 260 | * (a) product{{{(i)}}}ve act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es carr{{{(i)}}}ed out by [[persons {{{(i)}}}n employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Persons {{{(i)}}}n Employment.WebHome]] that are, {{{(i)}}}n law or {{{(i)}}}n pract{{{(i)}}}ce, not covered by formal arrangements such as regulat{{{(i)}}}ons and laws that st{{{(i)}}}pulate the r{{{(i)}}}ghts and respons{{{(i)}}}b{{{(i)}}}l{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es, obl{{{(i)}}}gat{{{(i)}}}ons and protect{{{(i)}}}on of the econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}ts and the workers; and | ||
| 261 | * (b) product{{{(i)}}}ve act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es carr{{{(i)}}}ed out {{{(i)}}}n relat{{{(i)}}}on to: | ||
| 262 | ** ( {{{(i)}}} ) [[own-use product{{{(i)}}}on>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Own-use Product{{{(i)}}}on.WebHome]] (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%); | ||
| 263 | ** ({{{(i)}}}{{{(i)}}}) [[volunteer work>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Volunteer Work.WebHome]]; | ||
| 264 | ** ({{{(i)}}}{{{(i)}}}{{{(i)}}}) unpa{{{(i)}}}d tra{{{(i)}}}nee (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%); and | ||
| 265 | ** (v) ther [[work act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work.WebHome]], | ||
| 266 | |||
| 267 | as def{{{(i)}}}ned by the latest standards on (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) and [[employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]] and where the act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es are not covered by formal arrangements such as regulat{{{(i)}}}ons and prov{{{(i)}}}s{{{(i)}}}ons that promote or fac{{{(i)}}}l{{{(i)}}}tate the (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) and protect and regulate the act{{{(i)}}}ons and funct{{{(i)}}}ons of the worker. | ||
| 268 | |||
| 269 | 54. Persons carry{{{(i)}}}ng out {{{(i)}}}nformal product{{{(i)}}}ve act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es {{{(i)}}}n the {{{(i)}}}nformal economy may carry out th{{{(i)}}}s (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) for econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}ts categor{{{(i)}}}zed {{{(i)}}}n the formal sector, [[{{{(i)}}}nformal sector>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Informal sector.WebHome]] or household [[own-use product{{{(i)}}}on>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Own-use Product{{{(i)}}}on.WebHome]] and commun{{{(i)}}}ty sector (table 2). | ||
| 270 | |||
| 271 | **Table 2. Informal product{{{(i)}}}ve act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es by persons {{{(i)}}}n the {{{(i)}}}nformal economy** | ||
| 272 | |||
| 273 | [[{{{(i)}}}mage:1750109512717-464.png]] | ||
| 274 | |||
| 275 | == Informal employment == | ||
| 276 | |||
| 277 | 55. Stat{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}cs on [[{{{(i)}}}nformal employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Informal employment.WebHome]] a{{{(i)}}}m at: | ||
| 278 | |||
| 279 | * (a) establ{{{(i)}}}sh{{{(i)}}}ng whether the product{{{(i)}}}ve act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es def{{{(i)}}}ned as [[employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]] are, {{{(i)}}}n law and {{{(i)}}}n pract{{{(i)}}}ce, covered by formal arrangements and the formal status of the econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}t for wh{{{(i)}}}ch th{{{(i)}}}s (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) {{{(i)}}}s carr{{{(i)}}}ed out; and | ||
| 280 | * (b) descr{{{(i)}}}b{{{(i)}}}ng the structure and extent of [[{{{(i)}}}nformal employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Informal employment.WebHome]], {{{(i)}}}dent{{{(i)}}}fy{{{(i)}}}ng groups of [[persons {{{(i)}}}n employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Persons {{{(i)}}}n Employment.WebHome]] most represented and at r{{{(i)}}}sk of {{{(i)}}}nformal{{{(i)}}}ty, and prov{{{(i)}}}d{{{(i)}}}ng {{{(i)}}}nformat{{{(i)}}}on on exposure to econom{{{(i)}}}c and personal r{{{(i)}}}sks, decent (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) def{{{(i)}}}c{{{(i)}}}ts and (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work{{{(i)}}}ng(%%) cond{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}ons. | ||
| 281 | |||
| 282 | 56. [[Informal employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Informal employment.WebHome]] {{{(i)}}}s def{{{(i)}}}ned as any act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty of persons to produce goods or prov{{{(i)}}}de serv{{{(i)}}}ces for pay or prof{{{(i)}}}t that {{{(i)}}}s -{{{(i)}}}n law or {{{(i)}}}n pract{{{(i)}}}ce- not covered by formal arrangements such as commerc{{{(i)}}}al laws, procedures to report econom{{{(i)}}}c act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es, {{{(i)}}}ncome taxat{{{(i)}}}on, labour leg{{{(i)}}}slat{{{(i)}}}on and soc{{{(i)}}}al secur{{{(i)}}}ty laws and regulat{{{(i)}}}ons prov{{{(i)}}}d{{{(i)}}}ng protect{{{(i)}}}on aga{{{(i)}}}nst econom{{{(i)}}}c and personal r{{{(i)}}}sks assoc{{{(i)}}}ated w{{{(i)}}}th carry{{{(i)}}}ng out the act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es. [[Informal employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Informal employment.WebHome]] compr{{{(i)}}}ses act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es carr{{{(i)}}}ed out {{{(i)}}}n relat{{{(i)}}}on to {{{(i)}}}nformal [[jobs>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] held by: | ||
| 283 | |||
| 284 | * (a) {{{(i)}}}ndependent workers who operate and own or co-own an {{{(i)}}}nformal household un{{{(i)}}}ncorporated market enterpr{{{(i)}}}se; | ||
| 285 | * (b) dependent contractors who do not have a formal status {{{(i)}}}n relat{{{(i)}}}on to the legal adm{{{(i)}}}n{{{(i)}}}strat{{{(i)}}}ve framework or whose act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es are not effect{{{(i)}}}vely covered by formal arrangements; | ||
| 286 | * (c) [[employees>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]], {{{(i)}}}f the{{{(i)}}}r [[employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]] relat{{{(i)}}}onsh{{{(i)}}}p {{{(i)}}}s not, {{{(i)}}}n pract{{{(i)}}}ce, formally recogn{{{(i)}}}zed by the employer {{{(i)}}}n relat{{{(i)}}}on to the legal adm{{{(i)}}}n{{{(i)}}}strat{{{(i)}}}ve framework of the country or not assoc{{{(i)}}}ated w{{{(i)}}}th effect{{{(i)}}}ve access to formal arrangements; and | ||
| 287 | * (d) contr{{{(i)}}}but{{{(i)}}}ng fam{{{(i)}}}ly workers whose (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) relat{{{(i)}}}onsh{{{(i)}}}ps are not formally recogn{{{(i)}}}zed {{{(i)}}}n relat{{{(i)}}}on to the legal adm{{{(i)}}}n{{{(i)}}}strat{{{(i)}}}ve framework of the country or not assoc{{{(i)}}}ated w{{{(i)}}}th effect{{{(i)}}}ve access to formal arrangements. | ||
| 288 | |||
| 289 | 57. All tasks and dut{{{(i)}}}es carr{{{(i)}}}ed out {{{(i)}}}n relat{{{(i)}}}on to an {{{(i)}}}nformal [[job>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] are cons{{{(i)}}}dered to be {{{(i)}}}nformal product{{{(i)}}}ve act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es. | ||
| 290 | |||
| 291 | 58. Informal product{{{(i)}}}ve act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es performed by persons may also be carr{{{(i)}}}ed out {{{(i)}}}n relat{{{(i)}}}on to formal [[jobs>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]], {{{(i)}}}f a subset of the tasks and dut{{{(i)}}}es carr{{{(i)}}}ed out are not effect{{{(i)}}}vely covered by formal arrangements. | ||
| 292 | |||
| 293 | 59. Persons may have one or several formal or {{{(i)}}}nformal [[jobs>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]], or both, dur{{{(i)}}}ng a g{{{(i)}}}ven reference per{{{(i)}}}od. Dependent workers have an {{{(i)}}}nformal or formal [[job>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] for each econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}t on wh{{{(i)}}}ch the worker {{{(i)}}}s dependent. Independent workers have an {{{(i)}}}nformal or formal [[job>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] for each {{{(i)}}}nformal or formal econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}t they operate and own or co-own. | ||
| 294 | |||
| 295 | 60. [[Employed persons>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Persons {{{(i)}}}n Employment.WebHome]] w{{{(i)}}}th an {{{(i)}}}nformal ma{{{(i)}}}n [[job>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] compr{{{(i)}}}se all [[employed persons>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Persons {{{(i)}}}n Employment.WebHome]] w{{{(i)}}}th an {{{(i)}}}nformal ma{{{(i)}}}n [[job>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] where the ma{{{(i)}}}n [[job>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] {{{(i)}}}s the [[job>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] w{{{(i)}}}th the longest hours usually (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)worked(%%) as def{{{(i)}}}ned {{{(i)}}}n the latest {{{(i)}}}nternat{{{(i)}}}onal stat{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}cal standards on [[work{{{(i)}}}ng t{{{(i)}}}me>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work{{{(i)}}}ng T{{{(i)}}}me.WebHome]]. In the absence of {{{(i)}}}nformat{{{(i)}}}on regard{{{(i)}}}ng hours usually (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)worked(%%), other {{{(i)}}}nformat{{{(i)}}}on such as {{{(i)}}}ncome from each [[job>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] could be used to {{{(i)}}}dent{{{(i)}}}fy the ma{{{(i)}}}n [[job>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]]. | ||
| 296 | |||
| 297 | 61. [[Employed persons>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Persons {{{(i)}}}n Employment.WebHome]] w{{{(i)}}}th an {{{(i)}}}nformal secondary [[job>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] compr{{{(i)}}}se all [[employed persons>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Persons {{{(i)}}}n Employment.WebHome]] w{{{(i)}}}th an {{{(i)}}}nformal second [[job>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] or add{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}onal [[jobs>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]]. | ||
| 298 | |||
| 299 | 62. The status {{{(i)}}}n [[employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]] categor{{{(i)}}}es are def{{{(i)}}}ned accord{{{(i)}}}ng to the latest standard on the Internat{{{(i)}}}onal Class{{{(i)}}}f{{{(i)}}}cat{{{(i)}}}on of Status {{{(i)}}}n [[Employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]] accord{{{(i)}}}ng to type of author{{{(i)}}}ty. | ||
| 300 | |||
| 301 | 63. Persons hold{{{(i)}}}ng {{{(i)}}}nformal [[jobs>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] may be categor{{{(i)}}}zed {{{(i)}}}n the [[{{{(i)}}}nformal sector>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Informal sector.WebHome]], formal sector or household [[own-use product{{{(i)}}}on>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Own-use Product{{{(i)}}}on.WebHome]] and commun{{{(i)}}}ty sector, depend{{{(i)}}}ng on the sector of the econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}t for wh{{{(i)}}}ch the (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) {{{(i)}}}s carr{{{(i)}}}ed out or, {{{(i)}}}n the case of dependent contractors, on the{{{(i)}}}r formal status {{{(i)}}}n relat{{{(i)}}}on to the legal adm{{{(i)}}}n{{{(i)}}}strat{{{(i)}}}ve framework of the country (table 3). | ||
| 302 | |||
| 303 | == Formal employment == | ||
| 304 | |||
| 305 | 64. Formal [[employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]] {{{(i)}}}s def{{{(i)}}}ned as any act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty of persons to produce goods or prov{{{(i)}}}de serv{{{(i)}}}ces for pay or prof{{{(i)}}}t {{{(i)}}}n relat{{{(i)}}}on to a formal [[job>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]], where the act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es are effect{{{(i)}}}vely covered by formal arrangements. Formal [[employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]] compr{{{(i)}}}ses product{{{(i)}}}ve act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es carr{{{(i)}}}ed out {{{(i)}}}n relat{{{(i)}}}on to formal [[jobs>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] held by: | ||
| 306 | |||
| 307 | * (a) {{{(i)}}}ndependent workers {{{(i)}}}n [[employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]] who operate and own or co-own a formal econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}t; | ||
| 308 | * (b) dependent contractors who have a formal status {{{(i)}}}n relat{{{(i)}}}on to the legal adm{{{(i)}}}n{{{(i)}}}strat{{{(i)}}}ve framework of the country and whose act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es are assoc{{{(i)}}}ated w{{{(i)}}}th effect{{{(i)}}}ve access to formal arrangements; | ||
| 309 | * (c) [[employees>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]], {{{(i)}}}f the{{{(i)}}}r [[employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]] relat{{{(i)}}}onsh{{{(i)}}}p {{{(i)}}}s, {{{(i)}}}n pract{{{(i)}}}ce, formally recogn{{{(i)}}}zed by the employer {{{(i)}}}n relat{{{(i)}}}on to the legal adm{{{(i)}}}n{{{(i)}}}strat{{{(i)}}}ve framework of the country and assoc{{{(i)}}}ated w{{{(i)}}}th effect{{{(i)}}}ve access to formal arrangements; and | ||
| 310 | * (d) contr{{{(i)}}}but{{{(i)}}}ng fam{{{(i)}}}ly workers carry{{{(i)}}}ng out (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) for a formal econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}t and whose (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) relat{{{(i)}}}onsh{{{(i)}}}ps are formally recogn{{{(i)}}}zed {{{(i)}}}n relat{{{(i)}}}on to the legal adm{{{(i)}}}n{{{(i)}}}strat{{{(i)}}}ve framework of the country and assoc{{{(i)}}}ated w{{{(i)}}}th effect{{{(i)}}}ve access to formal arrangements. | ||
| 311 | |||
| 312 | 65. Persons hold{{{(i)}}}ng formal [[jobs>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] may be categor{{{(i)}}}zed {{{(i)}}}n the formal sector or household [[own-use product{{{(i)}}}on>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Own-use Product{{{(i)}}}on.WebHome]] and commun{{{(i)}}}ty sector depend{{{(i)}}}ng on the sector of the econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}t for wh{{{(i)}}}ch the (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) {{{(i)}}}s carr{{{(i)}}}ed out or, {{{(i)}}}n the case of dependent contractors, on the{{{(i)}}}r formal status {{{(i)}}}n relat{{{(i)}}}on to the legal adm{{{(i)}}}n{{{(i)}}}strat{{{(i)}}}ve framework of the country (table 3). | ||
| 313 | |||
| 314 | **Table 3. Informal and formal [[jobs>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] by status {{{(i)}}}n [[employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]] and sector** | ||
| 315 | |||
| 316 | [[{{{(i)}}}mage:1750109797317-858.png]] | ||
| 317 | |||
| 318 | Note: Cells shaded {{{(i)}}}n dark blue refer to [[jobs>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]], wh{{{(i)}}}ch, by def{{{(i)}}}n{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}on, do not ex{{{(i)}}}st {{{(i)}}}n econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}ts located {{{(i)}}}n the spec{{{(i)}}}f{{{(i)}}}c sector. Cells shaded {{{(i)}}}n l{{{(i)}}}ght blue refer to formal [[jobs>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]]. [[Informal employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Informal employment.WebHome]] cons{{{(i)}}}sts of the {{{(i)}}}nformal [[jobs>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] {{{(i)}}}n cells 1–8. | ||
| 319 | |||
| 320 | ^^1^^Includ{{{(i)}}}ng employers and {{{(i)}}}ndependent workers w{{{(i)}}}thout [[employees>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]] (before ICSE-18 labelled Own-account workers). | ||
| 321 | |||
| 322 | ^^2^^Includ{{{(i)}}}ng the ICSE-18-A categor{{{(i)}}}es 11 and 21. | ||
| 323 | |||
| 324 | ^^3^^Includ{{{(i)}}}ng the ICSE-18-A categor{{{(i)}}}es 12 and 22. | ||
| 325 | |||
| 326 | ^^4^^The sector of dependent contractors does not reflect the sector of the econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}t on wh{{{(i)}}}ch they depend but the{{{(i)}}}r formal status {{{(i)}}}n relat{{{(i)}}}on to the legal adm{{{(i)}}}n{{{(i)}}}strat{{{(i)}}}ve framework of the country. | ||
| 327 | |||
| 328 | ^^5^^The ex{{{(i)}}}stence of formal [[jobs>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] among contr{{{(i)}}}but{{{(i)}}}ng fam{{{(i)}}}ly workers carry{{{(i)}}}ng out (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) for an econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}t {{{(i)}}}n the formal sector depends on the nat{{{(i)}}}onal context (see paragraphs 89–91). | ||
| 329 | |||
| 330 | = Operat{{{(i)}}}onal def{{{(i)}}}n{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}ons of {{{(i)}}}nformal and formal jobs = | ||
| 331 | |||
| 332 | == Independent workers == | ||
| 333 | |||
| 334 | === Informal jobs held by {{{(i)}}}ndependent workers === | ||
| 335 | |||
| 336 | 66. Independent workers w{{{(i)}}}th {{{(i)}}}nformal [[jobs>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] are “{{{(i)}}}ndependent workers {{{(i)}}}n household market enterpr{{{(i)}}}ses” who operate and own or co-own an {{{(i)}}}nformal household un{{{(i)}}}ncorporated market enterpr{{{(i)}}}se. | ||
| 337 | |||
| 338 | === Formal jobs held by {{{(i)}}}ndependent workers === | ||
| 339 | |||
| 340 | 67. Independent workers {{{(i)}}}n [[employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]] w{{{(i)}}}th formal [[jobs>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] are workers {{{(i)}}}n [[employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]] who operate and own or co-own a formal econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}t. They {{{(i)}}}nclude: | ||
| 341 | |||
| 342 | * (a) “owner-operators of corporat{{{(i)}}}ons”; and | ||
| 343 | * (b) “{{{(i)}}}ndependent workers {{{(i)}}}n household market enterpr{{{(i)}}}ses”, who operate and own or co-own a formal econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}t. | ||
| 344 | |||
| 345 | == Dependent contractors == | ||
| 346 | |||
| 347 | === Informal jobs held by dependent contractors === | ||
| 348 | |||
| 349 | 68. Dependent contractors are cons{{{(i)}}}dered to have {{{(i)}}}nformal [[jobs>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] {{{(i)}}}f they do not have a formal status {{{(i)}}}n relat{{{(i)}}}on to the legal adm{{{(i)}}}n{{{(i)}}}strat{{{(i)}}}ve framework of the country or {{{(i)}}}f they do have a formal status but are not assoc{{{(i)}}}ated w{{{(i)}}}th any effect{{{(i)}}}ve access to formal arrangements a{{{(i)}}}med at reduc{{{(i)}}}ng the econom{{{(i)}}}c r{{{(i)}}}sk related to hold{{{(i)}}}ng the spec{{{(i)}}}f{{{(i)}}}c [[job>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]]. | ||
| 350 | |||
| 351 | 69. Th{{{(i)}}}s {{{(i)}}}ncludes dependent contractors that: | ||
| 352 | |||
| 353 | * (a) do not own or co-own a formal econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}t and are not reg{{{(i)}}}stered for tax and thereby do not have a formal status; or | ||
| 354 | * (b) own or co-own a formal econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}t or are reg{{{(i)}}}stered for tax, and thereby have a formal status but w{{{(i)}}}thout effect{{{(i)}}}ve access to formal arrangements {{{(i)}}}ntended to reduce the econom{{{(i)}}}c r{{{(i)}}}sk related to the [[job>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]]. | ||
| 355 | |||
| 356 | 70. Depend{{{(i)}}}ng on the nat{{{(i)}}}onal context, effect{{{(i)}}}ve access to formal arrangements {{{(i)}}}ntended to reduce the econom{{{(i)}}}c r{{{(i)}}}sk for dependent contractors could {{{(i)}}}nclude measures that protect the{{{(i)}}}r own reg{{{(i)}}}stered company name and the{{{(i)}}}r phys{{{(i)}}}cal and {{{(i)}}}ntellectual property, that {{{(i)}}}ncrease the{{{(i)}}}r ab{{{(i)}}}l{{{(i)}}}ty to obta{{{(i)}}}n cap{{{(i)}}}tal and that prov{{{(i)}}}de access to [[job>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]]-related occupat{{{(i)}}}onal {{{(i)}}}njury {{{(i)}}}nsurance, health {{{(i)}}}nsurance, pa{{{(i)}}}d s{{{(i)}}}ck leave or pa{{{(i)}}}d parental leave and a [[job>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]]-related pens{{{(i)}}}on, or other types of formal arrangements {{{(i)}}}ntended to decrease the econom{{{(i)}}}c r{{{(i)}}}sk assoc{{{(i)}}}ated w{{{(i)}}}th the [[job>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]]. | ||
| 357 | |||
| 358 | 71. For the purposes of operat{{{(i)}}}onal{{{(i)}}}zat{{{(i)}}}on, the cons{{{(i)}}}derat{{{(i)}}}ons below should be taken {{{(i)}}}nto account. | ||
| 359 | |||
| 360 | * (a) In countr{{{(i)}}}es where own{{{(i)}}}ng and operat{{{(i)}}}ng a formal enterpr{{{(i)}}}se or be{{{(i)}}}ng reg{{{(i)}}}stered for tax {{{(i)}}}mpl{{{(i)}}}es effect{{{(i)}}}ve access to such arrangements, hav{{{(i)}}}ng a reg{{{(i)}}}stered enterpr{{{(i)}}}se or be{{{(i)}}}ng reg{{{(i)}}}stered for tax {{{(i)}}}s suff{{{(i)}}}c{{{(i)}}}ent for the [[job>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] to be cons{{{(i)}}}dered formal, wh{{{(i)}}}le not be{{{(i)}}}ng reg{{{(i)}}}stered thus def{{{(i)}}}nes the [[job>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] as {{{(i)}}}nformal. | ||
| 361 | * (b) In countr{{{(i)}}}es where the reg{{{(i)}}}strat{{{(i)}}}on of the enterpr{{{(i)}}}se or reg{{{(i)}}}strat{{{(i)}}}on for tax {{{(i)}}}s not d{{{(i)}}}rectly l{{{(i)}}}nked to such measures, reg{{{(i)}}}strat{{{(i)}}}on {{{(i)}}}n and contr{{{(i)}}}but{{{(i)}}}on to other voluntary or mandatory statutory soc{{{(i)}}}al {{{(i)}}}nsurance schemes should be used as an add{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}onal cr{{{(i)}}}ter{{{(i)}}}on to ensure that the formal [[job>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] held by the dependent contractor carr{{{(i)}}}es protect{{{(i)}}}ons a{{{(i)}}}m{{{(i)}}}ng at reduc{{{(i)}}}ng the econom{{{(i)}}}c r{{{(i)}}}sk hold{{{(i)}}}ng the spec{{{(i)}}}f{{{(i)}}}c [[job>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]]. The lack of such protect{{{(i)}}}on would thus def{{{(i)}}}ne the [[job>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] as {{{(i)}}}nformal. | ||
| 362 | |||
| 363 | === Formal jobs held by dependent contractors === | ||
| 364 | |||
| 365 | 72. Dependent contractors are cons{{{(i)}}}dered to have formal [[jobs>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] {{{(i)}}}f they have a formal status {{{(i)}}}n relat{{{(i)}}}on to the legal adm{{{(i)}}}n{{{(i)}}}strat{{{(i)}}}ve framework of the country and have effect{{{(i)}}}ve access to formal arrangements a{{{(i)}}}med at reduc{{{(i)}}}ng the econom{{{(i)}}}c r{{{(i)}}}sk related to hold{{{(i)}}}ng the spec{{{(i)}}}f{{{(i)}}}c [[job>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]]. | ||
| 366 | |||
| 367 | 73. Th{{{(i)}}}s {{{(i)}}}ncludes dependent contractors that: | ||
| 368 | |||
| 369 | * (a) operate and own or co-own a formal econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}t or are reg{{{(i)}}}stered for tax; and | ||
| 370 | * (b) have effect{{{(i)}}}ve access to formal arrangements, as def{{{(i)}}}ned {{{(i)}}}n paragraphs 70–71. | ||
| 371 | |||
| 372 | 74. Be{{{(i)}}}ng reg{{{(i)}}}stered for tax {{{(i)}}}mpl{{{(i)}}}es that the dependent contractor {{{(i)}}}s, on the{{{(i)}}}r own account or through the econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}t on wh{{{(i)}}}ch they are dependent, reg{{{(i)}}}stered for tax {{{(i)}}}n relat{{{(i)}}}on to the prof{{{(i)}}}ts made from the act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es carr{{{(i)}}}ed out {{{(i)}}}n relat{{{(i)}}}on to the [[job>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]]. Depend{{{(i)}}}ng on the nat{{{(i)}}}onal c{{{(i)}}}rcumstances, th{{{(i)}}}s may refer to a reg{{{(i)}}}ster that {{{(i)}}}mpl{{{(i)}}}es reg{{{(i)}}}strat{{{(i)}}}on of the worker and the act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es carr{{{(i)}}}ed out by the worker and that obl{{{(i)}}}ges the worker to declare the {{{(i)}}}ncome and expenses related to carry{{{(i)}}}ng out the act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es for tax purposes as well as any add{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}onal obl{{{(i)}}}gatory contr{{{(i)}}}but{{{(i)}}}ons depend{{{(i)}}}ng on nat{{{(i)}}}onal regulat{{{(i)}}}ons and laws. | ||
| 373 | |||
| 374 | 75. The formal status of the econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}t on wh{{{(i)}}}ch the dependent contractor {{{(i)}}}s dependent does not have a d{{{(i)}}}rect {{{(i)}}}mpact on the {{{(i)}}}nformal or formal status of the [[job>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] held by the dependent contractor or on the categor{{{(i)}}}zat{{{(i)}}}on of dependent contractors {{{(i)}}}n, respect{{{(i)}}}vely, the [[{{{(i)}}}nformal sector>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Informal sector.WebHome]] or the formal sector. Dependent contractors categor{{{(i)}}}zed {{{(i)}}}n the [[{{{(i)}}}nformal sector>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Informal sector.WebHome]] hold{{{(i)}}}ng {{{(i)}}}nformal [[jobs>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] and dependent contractors categor{{{(i)}}}zed {{{(i)}}}n the formal sector hold{{{(i)}}}ng {{{(i)}}}nformal [[jobs>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] or formal [[jobs>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] can thereby have a dependency on an {{{(i)}}}nformal econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}t, a formal econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}t or a household. | ||
| 375 | |||
| 376 | == Employees == | ||
| 377 | |||
| 378 | === Informal jobs held by employees === | ||
| 379 | |||
| 380 | 76. [[Employees>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]] are cons{{{(i)}}}dered to have {{{(i)}}}nformal [[jobs>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] {{{(i)}}}f the{{{(i)}}}r [[employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]] relat{{{(i)}}}onsh{{{(i)}}}p {{{(i)}}}s not, {{{(i)}}}n pract{{{(i)}}}ce, formally recogn{{{(i)}}}zed by the employer {{{(i)}}}n relat{{{(i)}}}on to the legal adm{{{(i)}}}n{{{(i)}}}strat{{{(i)}}}ve framework of the country or {{{(i)}}}s not effect{{{(i)}}}vely covered by formal arrangements such as labour leg{{{(i)}}}slat{{{(i)}}}on, soc{{{(i)}}}al protect{{{(i)}}}on, {{{(i)}}}ncome taxat{{{(i)}}}on or ent{{{(i)}}}tlement to [[employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]] benef{{{(i)}}}ts. | ||
| 381 | |||
| 382 | 77. [[Employees>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]] w{{{(i)}}}th {{{(i)}}}nformal [[jobs>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] {{{(i)}}}nclude: | ||
| 383 | |||
| 384 | * (a) permanent [[employees>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]]; | ||
| 385 | * (b) f{{{(i)}}}xed-term [[employees>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]]; | ||
| 386 | * (c) short-term and casual [[employees>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]]; and | ||
| 387 | * (d) pa{{{(i)}}}d apprent{{{(i)}}}ces, tra{{{(i)}}}nees and {{{(i)}}}nterns, | ||
| 388 | |||
| 389 | who do not have access to effect{{{(i)}}}ve formal arrangements such as statutory soc{{{(i)}}}al {{{(i)}}}nsurance, access to pa{{{(i)}}}d annual leave and pa{{{(i)}}}d s{{{(i)}}}ck leave. | ||
| 390 | |||
| 391 | 78. A def{{{(i)}}}n{{{(i)}}}ng character{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}c of {{{(i)}}}nformal [[jobs>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] held by [[employees>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]] {{{(i)}}}s the absence of the employer’s contr{{{(i)}}}but{{{(i)}}}on to statutory soc{{{(i)}}}al {{{(i)}}}nsurance. “Employer’s contr{{{(i)}}}but{{{(i)}}}on to statutory soc{{{(i)}}}al {{{(i)}}}nsurance” refers to whether the employer contr{{{(i)}}}butes fully or partly to a [[job>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]]-dependent statutory soc{{{(i)}}}al {{{(i)}}}nsurance scheme on behalf of the [[employee>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]]. It therefore excludes un{{{(i)}}}versal non-contr{{{(i)}}}butory soc{{{(i)}}}al protect{{{(i)}}}on schemes and voluntary contr{{{(i)}}}but{{{(i)}}}ons made by the employer or [[employee>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]], {{{(i)}}}f th{{{(i)}}}s does not {{{(i)}}}mply a formal status of the econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}t and the worker. | ||
| 392 | |||
| 393 | * (a) When operat{{{(i)}}}onal{{{(i)}}}z{{{(i)}}}ng th{{{(i)}}}s cr{{{(i)}}}ter{{{(i)}}}on, countr{{{(i)}}}es should take the nat{{{(i)}}}onal context and soc{{{(i)}}}al secur{{{(i)}}}ty laws {{{(i)}}}nto account as well as the requ{{{(i)}}}rements set out {{{(i)}}}n paragraph 81. The operat{{{(i)}}}onal{{{(i)}}}zat{{{(i)}}}on should be based on one or more spec{{{(i)}}}f{{{(i)}}}c statutory soc{{{(i)}}}al {{{(i)}}}nsurance schemes. | ||
| 394 | * (b) Typ{{{(i)}}}cally, the employer’s contr{{{(i)}}}but{{{(i)}}}on to a pens{{{(i)}}}on fund on behalf of the [[employee>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]] would be relevant for operat{{{(i)}}}onal {{{(i)}}}dent{{{(i)}}}f{{{(i)}}}cat{{{(i)}}}on. Other types of {{{(i)}}}nsurance, such as occupat{{{(i)}}}onal {{{(i)}}}njury {{{(i)}}}nsurance, health {{{(i)}}}nsurance or [[unemployment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Unemployment.WebHome]] {{{(i)}}}nsurance, could also be of relevance, depend{{{(i)}}}ng on the nat{{{(i)}}}onal context. | ||
| 395 | |||
| 396 | 79. Add{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}onal character{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}cs that may be relevant for the stat{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}cal {{{(i)}}}dent{{{(i)}}}f{{{(i)}}}cat{{{(i)}}}on of {{{(i)}}}nformal [[jobs>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] held by [[employees>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]] are a lack of access to pa{{{(i)}}}d annual leave or a lack of access to pa{{{(i)}}}d s{{{(i)}}}ck leave. | ||
| 397 | |||
| 398 | * (a) Access to pa{{{(i)}}}d annual leave {{{(i)}}}s the [[employee>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]]’s ent{{{(i)}}}tlement and ab{{{(i)}}}l{{{(i)}}}ty to take pa{{{(i)}}}d t{{{(i)}}}me off granted by the employer or to be compensated for unused annual leave. The number of days granted by the employer may vary between countr{{{(i)}}}es and also w{{{(i)}}}th{{{(i)}}}n the same country (for {{{(i)}}}nstance, between d{{{(i)}}}fferent {{{(i)}}}ndustr{{{(i)}}}es and occupat{{{(i)}}}ons), depend{{{(i)}}}ng on nat{{{(i)}}}onal labour laws and regulat{{{(i)}}}ons. It {{{(i)}}}s not suff{{{(i)}}}c{{{(i)}}}ent to have a legal r{{{(i)}}}ght to pa{{{(i)}}}d annual leave {{{(i)}}}f the worker does not have access to {{{(i)}}}t {{{(i)}}}n pract{{{(i)}}}ce. | ||
| 399 | * (b) Access to pa{{{(i)}}}d s{{{(i)}}}ck leave {{{(i)}}}s the [[employee>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]]’s ent{{{(i)}}}tlement and ab{{{(i)}}}l{{{(i)}}}ty to take pa{{{(i)}}}d leave from [[employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]] due to personal s{{{(i)}}}ckness or {{{(i)}}}njury. The number of days for wh{{{(i)}}}ch the worker can rece{{{(i)}}}ve payment dur{{{(i)}}}ng s{{{(i)}}}ckness or {{{(i)}}}njury may vary between countr{{{(i)}}}es and also w{{{(i)}}}th{{{(i)}}}n the same country (for {{{(i)}}}nstance, between d{{{(i)}}}fferent {{{(i)}}}ndustr{{{(i)}}}es and occupat{{{(i)}}}ons), depend{{{(i)}}}ng on nat{{{(i)}}}onal labour laws and regulat{{{(i)}}}ons. It {{{(i)}}}s not suff{{{(i)}}}c{{{(i)}}}ent to have a legal r{{{(i)}}}ght to pa{{{(i)}}}d s{{{(i)}}}ck leave {{{(i)}}}f the worker does not have access to {{{(i)}}}t {{{(i)}}}n pract{{{(i)}}}ce. | ||
| 400 | |||
| 401 | 80. Depend{{{(i)}}}ng on the nat{{{(i)}}}onal c{{{(i)}}}rcumstances, add{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}onal character{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}cs such as the non-ex{{{(i)}}}stence of a wr{{{(i)}}}tten contract, the non-deduct{{{(i)}}}on of {{{(i)}}}ncome tax by the employer and the lack of access to severance pay, advanced not{{{(i)}}}ce of d{{{(i)}}}sm{{{(i)}}}ssal, matern{{{(i)}}}ty leave, patern{{{(i)}}}ty leave or parental leave m{{{(i)}}}ght be relevant to support the def{{{(i)}}}n{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}on of {{{(i)}}}nformal [[jobs>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] held by [[employees>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]]. | ||
| 402 | |||
| 403 | 81. The cr{{{(i)}}}ter{{{(i)}}}a used for def{{{(i)}}}n{{{(i)}}}ng {{{(i)}}}nformal [[jobs>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] held by [[employees>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]] need to be further operat{{{(i)}}}onal{{{(i)}}}zed {{{(i)}}}n accordance w{{{(i)}}}th nat{{{(i)}}}onal c{{{(i)}}}rcumstances. The follow{{{(i)}}}ng requ{{{(i)}}}rements for a g{{{(i)}}}ven cr{{{(i)}}}ter{{{(i)}}}on used should be cons{{{(i)}}}dered: | ||
| 404 | |||
| 405 | * (a) [[Job>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] spec{{{(i)}}}f{{{(i)}}}c: The cr{{{(i)}}}ter{{{(i)}}}on used must be dependent on hold{{{(i)}}}ng a part{{{(i)}}}cular [[job>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] and not un{{{(i)}}}versal. | ||
| 406 | * (b) In relat{{{(i)}}}on to the legal adm{{{(i)}}}n{{{(i)}}}strat{{{(i)}}}ve framework of the country: Meet{{{(i)}}}ng the cr{{{(i)}}}ter{{{(i)}}}on should reflect a formal recogn{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}on of the [[job>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] by the employer {{{(i)}}}n relat{{{(i)}}}on to the legal adm{{{(i)}}}n{{{(i)}}}strat{{{(i)}}}ve system of the country and {{{(i)}}}mply that both the econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}t and the [[job>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] held by the [[employee>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]] can be cons{{{(i)}}}dered formal {{{(i)}}}n relat{{{(i)}}}on to the legal adm{{{(i)}}}n{{{(i)}}}strat{{{(i)}}}ve system of the country. | ||
| 407 | * (c) Capture the s{{{(i)}}}tuat{{{(i)}}}on {{{(i)}}}n pract{{{(i)}}}ce: The operat{{{(i)}}}onal{{{(i)}}}zat{{{(i)}}}on of a g{{{(i)}}}ven cr{{{(i)}}}ter{{{(i)}}}on should, to the extent poss{{{(i)}}}ble, reflect that the employer {{{(i)}}}n pract{{{(i)}}}ce fulf{{{(i)}}}ls a g{{{(i)}}}ven obl{{{(i)}}}gat{{{(i)}}}on. | ||
| 408 | |||
| 409 | 82. [[Employees>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]] hold{{{(i)}}}ng an {{{(i)}}}nformal [[job>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] can carry out act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es {{{(i)}}}n any type of {{{(i)}}}ndustry, {{{(i)}}}n any place of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) for any type of econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}t (formal, {{{(i)}}}nformal or a household produc{{{(i)}}}ng for own f{{{(i)}}}nal use). | ||
| 410 | |||
| 411 | === Formal jobs held by employees === | ||
| 412 | |||
| 413 | 83. [[Employees>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]] are cons{{{(i)}}}dered to have formal [[jobs>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] {{{(i)}}}f the{{{(i)}}}r [[employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]] relat{{{(i)}}}onsh{{{(i)}}}p {{{(i)}}}s, {{{(i)}}}n pract{{{(i)}}}ce, formally recogn{{{(i)}}}zed by the employer {{{(i)}}}n relat{{{(i)}}}on to the legal adm{{{(i)}}}n{{{(i)}}}strat{{{(i)}}}ve framework of the country and assoc{{{(i)}}}ated w{{{(i)}}}th effect{{{(i)}}}ve access to formal arrangements such as labour leg{{{(i)}}}slat{{{(i)}}}on, soc{{{(i)}}}al protect{{{(i)}}}on, {{{(i)}}}ncome taxat{{{(i)}}}on or ent{{{(i)}}}tlement to [[employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]] benef{{{(i)}}}ts. | ||
| 414 | |||
| 415 | 84. “Employer’s contr{{{(i)}}}but{{{(i)}}}ons to statutory soc{{{(i)}}}al {{{(i)}}}nsurance” on behalf of the [[employee>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]], as def{{{(i)}}}ned {{{(i)}}}n paragraph 78, character{{{(i)}}}ze the [[job>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] held by the [[employee>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]] as formal. | ||
| 416 | |||
| 417 | 85. Add{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}onal character{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}cs that may be relevant for the stat{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}cal {{{(i)}}}dent{{{(i)}}}f{{{(i)}}}cat{{{(i)}}}on of formal [[jobs>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] held by [[employees>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]] are access to pa{{{(i)}}}d annual leave and access to pa{{{(i)}}}d s{{{(i)}}}ck leave. | ||
| 418 | |||
| 419 | 86. Depend{{{(i)}}}ng on the nat{{{(i)}}}onal c{{{(i)}}}rcumstances, add{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}onal character{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}cs such as the deduct{{{(i)}}}on of {{{(i)}}}ncome tax by the employer on behalf of the [[employee>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]], el{{{(i)}}}g{{{(i)}}}b{{{(i)}}}l{{{(i)}}}ty for severance pay, advanced not{{{(i)}}}ce of d{{{(i)}}}sm{{{(i)}}}ssal and access to matern{{{(i)}}}ty leave, patern{{{(i)}}}ty leave or parental leave m{{{(i)}}}ght be relevant to support the def{{{(i)}}}n{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}on of formal [[jobs>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] held by [[employees>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]]. | ||
| 420 | |||
| 421 | 87. An [[employee>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]] hold{{{(i)}}}ng a formal [[job>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] by def{{{(i)}}}n{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}on carr{{{(i)}}}es out (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) for a formal econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}t, unless the employer {{{(i)}}}s a household {{{(i)}}}n the household [[own-use product{{{(i)}}}on>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Own-use Product{{{(i)}}}on.WebHome]] and commun{{{(i)}}}ty sector. | ||
| 422 | |||
| 423 | 88. L{{{(i)}}}ke all other categor{{{(i)}}}es of workers {{{(i)}}}n [[employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]], countr{{{(i)}}}es should ensure that formal [[jobs>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] and {{{(i)}}}nformal [[jobs>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] held by [[employees>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]] are mutually exclus{{{(i)}}}ve categor{{{(i)}}}es. The same set of cr{{{(i)}}}ter{{{(i)}}}a should therefore be appl{{{(i)}}}ed to def{{{(i)}}}ne [[jobs>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] as formal and {{{(i)}}}nformal. Irrespect{{{(i)}}}ve of any nat{{{(i)}}}onal adaptat{{{(i)}}}on of the operat{{{(i)}}}onal def{{{(i)}}}n{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}on, {{{(i)}}}t {{{(i)}}}s recommended to collect {{{(i)}}}nformat{{{(i)}}}on regard{{{(i)}}}ng employer’s contr{{{(i)}}}but{{{(i)}}}on to statutory soc{{{(i)}}}al {{{(i)}}}nsurance, access to pa{{{(i)}}}d annual leave and pa{{{(i)}}}d s{{{(i)}}}ck leave to enable an assessment of the coverage of formal arrangements for [[employees>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]] hold{{{(i)}}}ng {{{(i)}}}nformal and formal [[jobs>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] and to fac{{{(i)}}}l{{{(i)}}}tate the creat{{{(i)}}}on of reg{{{(i)}}}onal and global est{{{(i)}}}mates. | ||
| 424 | |||
| 425 | == Contr{{{(i)}}}but{{{(i)}}}ng fam{{{(i)}}}ly workers == | ||
| 426 | |||
| 427 | === Informal and formal jobs held by contr{{{(i)}}}but{{{(i)}}}ng fam{{{(i)}}}ly workers === | ||
| 428 | |||
| 429 | 89. In countr{{{(i)}}}es where formal arrangements, such as the poss{{{(i)}}}b{{{(i)}}}l{{{(i)}}}ty to reg{{{(i)}}}ster and contr{{{(i)}}}bute to jobrelated statutory soc{{{(i)}}}al {{{(i)}}}nsurance, are not ava{{{(i)}}}lable for contr{{{(i)}}}but{{{(i)}}}ng fam{{{(i)}}}ly workers, such workers can be cons{{{(i)}}}dered to have {{{(i)}}}nformal [[jobs>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] by default. | ||
| 430 | |||
| 431 | 90. In countr{{{(i)}}}es that have such formal arrangements {{{(i)}}}n place for contr{{{(i)}}}but{{{(i)}}}ng fam{{{(i)}}}ly workers, these workers can be cons{{{(i)}}}dered as hav{{{(i)}}}ng: | ||
| 432 | |||
| 433 | * (a) {{{(i)}}}nformal [[jobs>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] {{{(i)}}}f the{{{(i)}}}r [[job>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] {{{(i)}}}s not, {{{(i)}}}n pract{{{(i)}}}ce, formally recogn{{{(i)}}}zed {{{(i)}}}n relat{{{(i)}}}on to the legal adm{{{(i)}}}n{{{(i)}}}strat{{{(i)}}}ve framework. Th{{{(i)}}}s {{{(i)}}}ncludes contr{{{(i)}}}but{{{(i)}}}ng fam{{{(i)}}}ly workers who: | ||
| 434 | ** ( {{{(i)}}} ) carry out (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) for an {{{(i)}}}nformal household un{{{(i)}}}ncorporated market enterpr{{{(i)}}}se; or | ||
| 435 | ** ({{{(i)}}}{{{(i)}}}) whose [[job>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] {{{(i)}}}s not reg{{{(i)}}}stered, or for whom contr{{{(i)}}}but{{{(i)}}}ons are not made to [[job>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]]-related statutory soc{{{(i)}}}al {{{(i)}}}nsurance; (b) formal [[jobs>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] {{{(i)}}}f: | ||
| 436 | * (b) the econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}t for wh{{{(i)}}}ch the (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) {{{(i)}}}s carr{{{(i)}}}ed out {{{(i)}}}s formal; and | ||
| 437 | ** ( {{{(i)}}} ) the [[job>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] {{{(i)}}}s reg{{{(i)}}}stered {{{(i)}}}n relat{{{(i)}}}on to the legal adm{{{(i)}}}n{{{(i)}}}strat{{{(i)}}}ve framework of the country; and | ||
| 438 | ** ({{{(i)}}}{{{(i)}}}) contr{{{(i)}}}but{{{(i)}}}ons are made to a [[job>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]]-related statutory soc{{{(i)}}}al {{{(i)}}}nsurance scheme. | ||
| 439 | |||
| 440 | 91. Reg{{{(i)}}}strat{{{(i)}}}on of the [[job>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] held by the contr{{{(i)}}}but{{{(i)}}}ng fam{{{(i)}}}ly worker and contr{{{(i)}}}but{{{(i)}}}on to a [[job>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]]-related statutory soc{{{(i)}}}al {{{(i)}}}nsurance scheme {{{(i)}}}mpl{{{(i)}}}es that the worker {{{(i)}}}s [[employed>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Persons {{{(i)}}}n Employment.WebHome]] formally {{{(i)}}}n that [[job>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]]. The type of statutory soc{{{(i)}}}al {{{(i)}}}nsurance relevant for operat{{{(i)}}}onal{{{(i)}}}z{{{(i)}}}ng the cr{{{(i)}}}ter{{{(i)}}}on depends on the nat{{{(i)}}}onal context but would {{{(i)}}}nclude mandatory or voluntary statutory soc{{{(i)}}}al {{{(i)}}}nsurances such as a pens{{{(i)}}}on fund {{{(i)}}}f th{{{(i)}}}s {{{(i)}}}mpl{{{(i)}}}es a formal status of the worker. | ||
| 441 | |||
| 442 | === Persons {{{(i)}}}n formal employment carry{{{(i)}}}ng out partly {{{(i)}}}nformal act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es === | ||
| 443 | |||
| 444 | 92. Depend{{{(i)}}}ng on the nat{{{(i)}}}onal context and need, countr{{{(i)}}}es may {{{(i)}}}dent{{{(i)}}}fy the number of persons w{{{(i)}}}th formal [[jobs>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] carry{{{(i)}}}ng out partly {{{(i)}}}nformal product{{{(i)}}}ve act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es and hours spent on or [[earn{{{(i)}}}ngs>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Earn{{{(i)}}}ngs.WebHome]] rece{{{(i)}}}ved from pa{{{(i)}}}d {{{(i)}}}nformal act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es {{{(i)}}}n relat{{{(i)}}}on to formal [[jobs>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]]. | ||
| 445 | |||
| 446 | 93. Th{{{(i)}}}s would complement data on persons {{{(i)}}}n [[{{{(i)}}}nformal employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Informal employment.WebHome]] and prov{{{(i)}}}de {{{(i)}}}nput to the SNA for a more comprehens{{{(i)}}}ve measurement of {{{(i)}}}nformal product{{{(i)}}}ve act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es {{{(i)}}}n the {{{(i)}}}nformal market economy. | ||
| 447 | |||
| 448 | 94. Partly {{{(i)}}}nformal pa{{{(i)}}}d act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es {{{(i)}}}nclude act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es {{{(i)}}}n relat{{{(i)}}}on to formal [[employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]] carr{{{(i)}}}ed out by: | ||
| 449 | |||
| 450 | * (a) [[employees>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]] where part of the pa{{{(i)}}}d hours or tasks carr{{{(i)}}}ed out {{{(i)}}}n relat{{{(i)}}}on to the formal [[job>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] are not covered by formal arrangements, for example when [[earn{{{(i)}}}ngs>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Earn{{{(i)}}}ngs.WebHome]] and hours (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)worked(%%) are not declared for taxat{{{(i)}}}on or mandatory [[job>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]]-related soc{{{(i)}}}al contr{{{(i)}}}but{{{(i)}}}ons. | ||
| 451 | * (b) {{{(i)}}}ndependent workers and dependent contractors where part of the act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es carr{{{(i)}}}ed out {{{(i)}}}n relat{{{(i)}}}on to the formal [[job>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] are not covered by formal arrangements, for example when {{{(i)}}}ncome {{{(i)}}}s not declared for taxat{{{(i)}}}on. | ||
| 452 | |||
| 453 | 95. Stat{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}cs on partly {{{(i)}}}nformal pa{{{(i)}}}d act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es {{{(i)}}}n formal [[jobs>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] can {{{(i)}}}nclude est{{{(i)}}}mates of the number of pa{{{(i)}}}d (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work{{{(i)}}}ng(%%) hours {{{(i)}}}n formal [[jobs>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] and related [[earn{{{(i)}}}ngs>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Earn{{{(i)}}}ngs.WebHome]] and {{{(i)}}}ncome for both formal and {{{(i)}}}nformal act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es. | ||
| 454 | |||
| 455 | 96. Depend{{{(i)}}}ng on the nat{{{(i)}}}onal context and need, stat{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}cs on pa{{{(i)}}}d {{{(i)}}}nformal act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es {{{(i)}}}n relat{{{(i)}}}on to formal [[jobs>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] should be complemented w{{{(i)}}}th est{{{(i)}}}mates on unpa{{{(i)}}}d hours for [[employees>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]] whose remunerat{{{(i)}}}on {{{(i)}}}s d{{{(i)}}}rectly dependent on the number of hours (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)worked(%%). | ||
| 456 | |||
| 457 | === Informal product{{{(i)}}}ve act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es and forms of work other than employment === | ||
| 458 | |||
| 459 | 97. (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)Work(%%) other than [[employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]] {{{(i)}}}s cons{{{(i)}}}dered {{{(i)}}}nformal (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) {{{(i)}}}f the act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es are not effect{{{(i)}}}vely covered by formal arrangements. Th{{{(i)}}}s compr{{{(i)}}}ses {{{(i)}}}nformal product{{{(i)}}}ve act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es {{{(i)}}}n relat{{{(i)}}}on to ownuse product{{{(i)}}}on (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%), [[volunteer work>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Volunteer Work.WebHome]], unpa{{{(i)}}}d tra{{{(i)}}}nee (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) and other [[work act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work.WebHome]] where the unpa{{{(i)}}}d (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) {{{(i)}}}s not covered by formal arrangements such as regulat{{{(i)}}}ons and prov{{{(i)}}}s{{{(i)}}}ons that promote or fac{{{(i)}}}l{{{(i)}}}tate the (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) and protect and regulate the act{{{(i)}}}ons and funct{{{(i)}}}ons of the worker. | ||
| 460 | |||
| 461 | 98. Measur{{{(i)}}}ng the {{{(i)}}}nformal or formal nature of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) other than [[employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]] supports the recogn{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}on and valuat{{{(i)}}}on of all [[forms of work>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Forms of Work.WebHome]], essent{{{(i)}}}al for ach{{{(i)}}}ev{{{(i)}}}ng development goals such as atta{{{(i)}}}n{{{(i)}}}ng gender equal{{{(i)}}}ty, soc{{{(i)}}}al {{{(i)}}}nclus{{{(i)}}}on and soc{{{(i)}}}al protect{{{(i)}}}on and reduc{{{(i)}}}ng poverty. | ||
| 462 | |||
| 463 | === Informal and formal own-use product{{{(i)}}}on work === | ||
| 464 | |||
| 465 | 99. Informal [[own-use product{{{(i)}}}on>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Own-use Product{{{(i)}}}on.WebHome]] (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) compr{{{(i)}}}ses act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es carr{{{(i)}}}ed out {{{(i)}}}n relat{{{(i)}}}on to [[own-use product{{{(i)}}}on>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Own-use Product{{{(i)}}}on.WebHome]] (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) that are not effect{{{(i)}}}vely covered by formal arrangements. It {{{(i)}}}ncludes product{{{(i)}}}ve act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es carr{{{(i)}}}ed out {{{(i)}}}n relat{{{(i)}}}on to a [[work act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work.WebHome]] def{{{(i)}}}ned accord{{{(i)}}}ng to the latest vers{{{(i)}}}on of the Internat{{{(i)}}}onal Class{{{(i)}}}f{{{(i)}}}cat{{{(i)}}}on of Status at (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)Work(%%) as be{{{(i)}}}ng carr{{{(i)}}}ed out by: | ||
| 466 | |||
| 467 | * (a) workers {{{(i)}}}n own-use prov{{{(i)}}}s{{{(i)}}}on of serv{{{(i)}}}ces; and | ||
| 468 | * (b) workers {{{(i)}}}n [[own-use product{{{(i)}}}on>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Own-use Product{{{(i)}}}on.WebHome]] of goods, | ||
| 469 | |||
| 470 | who are not effect{{{(i)}}}vely covered by formal arrangements that a{{{(i)}}}m to promote or fac{{{(i)}}}l{{{(i)}}}tate the (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) and protect and regulate the{{{(i)}}}r act{{{(i)}}}ons and funct{{{(i)}}}ons. | ||
| 471 | |||
| 472 | 100. Depend{{{(i)}}}ng on the nat{{{(i)}}}onal context, [[own-use product{{{(i)}}}on>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Own-use Product{{{(i)}}}on.WebHome]] (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) can be cons{{{(i)}}}dered formal {{{(i)}}}f the act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es carr{{{(i)}}}ed out are covered by formal arrangements {{{(i)}}}n relat{{{(i)}}}on to the legal adm{{{(i)}}}n{{{(i)}}}strat{{{(i)}}}ve framework of the country, such as reg{{{(i)}}}strat{{{(i)}}}on of the act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es, access to {{{(i)}}}nsurance aga{{{(i)}}}nst workrelated {{{(i)}}}njur{{{(i)}}}es or acc{{{(i)}}}dents, access to soc{{{(i)}}}al {{{(i)}}}nsurance such as a pens{{{(i)}}}on fund, cash transfers to support the (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) or other measures a{{{(i)}}}m{{{(i)}}}ng to protect the worker and regulate and fac{{{(i)}}}l{{{(i)}}}tate the act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es carr{{{(i)}}}ed out. | ||
| 473 | |||
| 474 | === Informal and formal volunteer work === | ||
| 475 | |||
| 476 | 101. Informal [[volunteer work>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Volunteer Work.WebHome]] compr{{{(i)}}}ses act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es carr{{{(i)}}}ed out {{{(i)}}}n relat{{{(i)}}}on to [[volunteer work>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Volunteer Work.WebHome]] that are not effect{{{(i)}}}vely covered by formal arrangements. It {{{(i)}}}ncludes product{{{(i)}}}ve act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es carr{{{(i)}}}ed out {{{(i)}}}n relat{{{(i)}}}on to a [[work act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work.WebHome]] def{{{(i)}}}ned accord{{{(i)}}}ng to the latest vers{{{(i)}}}on of the Internat{{{(i)}}}onal Class{{{(i)}}}f{{{(i)}}}cat{{{(i)}}}on of Status at (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)Work(%%) as be{{{(i)}}}ng carr{{{(i)}}}ed out by: | ||
| 477 | |||
| 478 | * (a) d{{{(i)}}}rect [[volunteers>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Persons {{{(i)}}}n Volonteer Work.WebHome]]; or | ||
| 479 | * (b) organ{{{(i)}}}zat{{{(i)}}}on-based [[volunteers>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Persons {{{(i)}}}n Volonteer Work.WebHome]], when: | ||
| 480 | ** ({{{(i)}}} ) the [[volunteer>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Persons {{{(i)}}}n Volonteer Work.WebHome]] carr{{{(i)}}}es out (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) for or through a non-prof{{{(i)}}}t organ{{{(i)}}}zat{{{(i)}}}on or other econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}t that {{{(i)}}}s not cons{{{(i)}}}dered a formal econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}t; or | ||
| 481 | ** ({{{(i)}}}{{{(i)}}}) carr{{{(i)}}}es out (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) for or through a non-prof{{{(i)}}}t organ{{{(i)}}}zat{{{(i)}}}on or other econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}t that {{{(i)}}}s cons{{{(i)}}}dered a formal econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}t when the [[volunteer>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Persons {{{(i)}}}n Volonteer Work.WebHome]] {{{(i)}}}s not covered by formal arrangements that a{{{(i)}}}m to protect the worker and regulate and fac{{{(i)}}}l{{{(i)}}}tate the act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es carr{{{(i)}}}ed out. | ||
| 482 | |||
| 483 | 102. A person carry{{{(i)}}}ng out {{{(i)}}}nformal [[volunteer work>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Volunteer Work.WebHome]] can carry out (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) for a household or non-formal non-prof{{{(i)}}}t organ{{{(i)}}}zat{{{(i)}}}on {{{(i)}}}n the household [[own-use product{{{(i)}}}on>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Own-use Product{{{(i)}}}on.WebHome]] and commun{{{(i)}}}ty sector, an {{{(i)}}}nformal household un{{{(i)}}}ncorporated market enterpr{{{(i)}}}se or a formal econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}t. | ||
| 484 | |||
| 485 | 103. [[Volunteer work>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Volunteer Work.WebHome]] can be cons{{{(i)}}}dered formal {{{(i)}}}f: | ||
| 486 | |||
| 487 | * (a) the [[work act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work.WebHome]] {{{(i)}}}s def{{{(i)}}}ned as organ{{{(i)}}}zat{{{(i)}}}on-based [[volunteer work>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Volunteer Work.WebHome]]; and | ||
| 488 | * (b) the (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) {{{(i)}}}s carr{{{(i)}}}ed out {{{(i)}}}n a formal econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}t; and | ||
| 489 | * (c) the [[volunteer>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Persons {{{(i)}}}n Volonteer Work.WebHome]] and the act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es carr{{{(i)}}}ed out are covered by formal arrangements {{{(i)}}}n relat{{{(i)}}}on to the legal adm{{{(i)}}}n{{{(i)}}}strat{{{(i)}}}ve framework of the country such as reg{{{(i)}}}strat{{{(i)}}}on of the act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es, access to {{{(i)}}}nsurance aga{{{(i)}}}nst (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%)-related {{{(i)}}}njur{{{(i)}}}es or acc{{{(i)}}}dents and access to health {{{(i)}}}nsurance or other measures a{{{(i)}}}m{{{(i)}}}ng to protect the worker and fac{{{(i)}}}l{{{(i)}}}tate and regulate the (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%). | ||
| 490 | |||
| 491 | === Informal and formal unpa{{{(i)}}}d tra{{{(i)}}}nee work === | ||
| 492 | |||
| 493 | 104. Informal unpa{{{(i)}}}d tra{{{(i)}}}nee (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) compr{{{(i)}}}ses act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es carr{{{(i)}}}ed out {{{(i)}}}n relat{{{(i)}}}on to unpa{{{(i)}}}d tra{{{(i)}}}nee (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) as def{{{(i)}}}ned by the latest standards of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) and [[employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]] that are not effect{{{(i)}}}vely covered by formal arrangements a{{{(i)}}}m{{{(i)}}}ng to protect the worker and fac{{{(i)}}}l{{{(i)}}}tate and regulate the (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) carr{{{(i)}}}ed out by worker. | ||
| 494 | |||
| 495 | 105. Informal unpa{{{(i)}}}d tra{{{(i)}}}nee (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) can be performed by a person (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work{{{(i)}}}ng(%%) for a household, an {{{(i)}}}nformal household un{{{(i)}}}ncorporated market enterpr{{{(i)}}}se or a formal econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}t. | ||
| 496 | |||
| 497 | 106. Unpa{{{(i)}}}d tra{{{(i)}}}nee (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) carr{{{(i)}}}ed out for an {{{(i)}}}nformal household un{{{(i)}}}ncorporated market enterpr{{{(i)}}}se {{{(i)}}}s, by default, cons{{{(i)}}}dered to be {{{(i)}}}nformal unpa{{{(i)}}}d tra{{{(i)}}}nee (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%). | ||
| 498 | |||
| 499 | 107. Unpa{{{(i)}}}d tra{{{(i)}}}nee (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) carr{{{(i)}}}ed out for a formal econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}t or an household can, depend{{{(i)}}}ng on the nat{{{(i)}}}onal context, be cons{{{(i)}}}dered formal {{{(i)}}}f the worker and the act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es carr{{{(i)}}}ed out are covered by formal arrangements {{{(i)}}}n relat{{{(i)}}}on to the legal adm{{{(i)}}}n{{{(i)}}}strat{{{(i)}}}ve framework of the country, such as reg{{{(i)}}}strat{{{(i)}}}on of the act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es, formal recogn{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}on of the exper{{{(i)}}}ence and sk{{{(i)}}}lls acqu{{{(i)}}}red, access to soc{{{(i)}}}al {{{(i)}}}nsurance and {{{(i)}}}nsurance aga{{{(i)}}}nst (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%)-related {{{(i)}}}njur{{{(i)}}}es or acc{{{(i)}}}dents, or other measures a{{{(i)}}}m{{{(i)}}}ng to protect the worker and fac{{{(i)}}}l{{{(i)}}}tate and regulate the (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%). | ||
| 500 | |||
| 501 | === Other work act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es === | ||
| 502 | |||
| 503 | 108. Other [[work act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work.WebHome]], such as compulsory (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) performed w{{{(i)}}}thout pay, can, depend{{{(i)}}}ng on the nat{{{(i)}}}onal context, be cons{{{(i)}}}dered formal (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) {{{(i)}}}f {{{(i)}}}t {{{(i)}}}s recogn{{{(i)}}}zed by and conducted under the control of the nat{{{(i)}}}onal author{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es and general government. If not recogn{{{(i)}}}zed by the legal adm{{{(i)}}}n{{{(i)}}}strat{{{(i)}}}ve framework of the country, then the act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es should be cons{{{(i)}}}dered {{{(i)}}}nformal. | ||
| 504 | |||
| 505 | === Essent{{{(i)}}}al categor{{{(i)}}}es === | ||
| 506 | |||
| 507 | 109. Accord{{{(i)}}}ng to the nat{{{(i)}}}onal context, countr{{{(i)}}}es should produce stat{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}cs on essent{{{(i)}}}al categor{{{(i)}}}es of {{{(i)}}}nformal (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) other than [[employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]], where those act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es are prevalent. The {{{(i)}}}dent{{{(i)}}}f{{{(i)}}}cat{{{(i)}}}on of essent{{{(i)}}}al categor{{{(i)}}}es of {{{(i)}}}nformal product{{{(i)}}}ve act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es should h{{{(i)}}}ghl{{{(i)}}}ght {{{(i)}}}mportant groups of persons engaged {{{(i)}}}n {{{(i)}}}nformal product{{{(i)}}}on not {{{(i)}}}ntended to generate pay or prof{{{(i)}}}t that m{{{(i)}}}ght be exposed to a h{{{(i)}}}gh degree of econom{{{(i)}}}c r{{{(i)}}}sk w{{{(i)}}}thout coverage by formal arrangements to fac{{{(i)}}}l{{{(i)}}}tate the (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%), protect the person and regulate the product{{{(i)}}}ve act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es carr{{{(i)}}}ed out by the person. | ||
| 508 | |||
| 509 | 110. Essent{{{(i)}}}al categor{{{(i)}}}es of {{{(i)}}}nformal (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) other than [[employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]] {{{(i)}}}nclude [[subs{{{(i)}}}stence foodstuff producers>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Subs{{{(i)}}}stence foodstuff producers.WebHome]] and workers carry{{{(i)}}}ng out {{{(i)}}}nformal unpa{{{(i)}}}d tra{{{(i)}}}nee (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%). | ||
| 510 | |||
| 511 | ~111. The {{{(i)}}}dent{{{(i)}}}f{{{(i)}}}cat{{{(i)}}}on of {{{(i)}}}nformal [[subs{{{(i)}}}stence foodstuff producers>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Subs{{{(i)}}}stence foodstuff producers.WebHome]] {{{(i)}}}n countr{{{(i)}}}es where th{{{(i)}}}s {{{(i)}}}s s{{{(i)}}}gn{{{(i)}}}f{{{(i)}}}cant {{{(i)}}}s an {{{(i)}}}mportant complement to the {{{(i)}}}dent{{{(i)}}}f{{{(i)}}}cat{{{(i)}}}on of [[{{{(i)}}}nformal employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Informal employment.WebHome]] and contr{{{(i)}}}butes to creat{{{(i)}}}ng a more comprehens{{{(i)}}}ve stat{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}cal p{{{(i)}}}cture of the structure of {{{(i)}}}nformal{{{(i)}}}ty w{{{(i)}}}th{{{(i)}}}n the country. The separate {{{(i)}}}dent{{{(i)}}}f{{{(i)}}}cat{{{(i)}}}on of subs{{{(i)}}}stence workers and a d{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}nct{{{(i)}}}on between those who m{{{(i)}}}ght be covered by arrangements a{{{(i)}}}m{{{(i)}}}ng to support and fac{{{(i)}}}l{{{(i)}}}tate the (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) or to extend soc{{{(i)}}}al protect{{{(i)}}}on would allow an assessment of the outreach of such schemes. | ||
| 512 | |||
| 513 | 112. The {{{(i)}}}dent{{{(i)}}}f{{{(i)}}}cat{{{(i)}}}on of {{{(i)}}}nformal unpa{{{(i)}}}d tra{{{(i)}}}nee (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) as an essent{{{(i)}}}al category of {{{(i)}}}nformal product{{{(i)}}}ve act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es enables countr{{{(i)}}}es to prov{{{(i)}}}de {{{(i)}}}nformat{{{(i)}}}on on the prevalence of {{{(i)}}}nformal and formal pa{{{(i)}}}d and unpa{{{(i)}}}d tra{{{(i)}}}nee (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%), thus fac{{{(i)}}}l{{{(i)}}}tat{{{(i)}}}ng a better understand{{{(i)}}}ng of school-to-(% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) trans{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}ons and the formal and {{{(i)}}}nformal nature of tra{{{(i)}}}nees w{{{(i)}}}th{{{(i)}}}n the country. | ||
| 514 | |||
| 515 | 113. Add{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}onal categor{{{(i)}}}es or doma{{{(i)}}}ns of {{{(i)}}}nformal (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) can be {{{(i)}}}dent{{{(i)}}}f{{{(i)}}}ed, depend{{{(i)}}}ng on the nat{{{(i)}}}onal need and context and on spec{{{(i)}}}f{{{(i)}}}c analyt{{{(i)}}}cal or pol{{{(i)}}}cy {{{(i)}}}nterest. These could {{{(i)}}}nclude categor{{{(i)}}}es or doma{{{(i)}}}ns for wh{{{(i)}}}ch there {{{(i)}}}s a demand for analys{{{(i)}}}s from a gender perspect{{{(i)}}}ve, such as {{{(i)}}}nformal and formal care (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) across d{{{(i)}}}fferent [[forms of work>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Forms of Work.WebHome]] or doma{{{(i)}}}ns of part{{{(i)}}}cular focus, such as {{{(i)}}}nformal and formal (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) {{{(i)}}}n relat{{{(i)}}}on to agr{{{(i)}}}cultural product{{{(i)}}}on or d{{{(i)}}}g{{{(i)}}}tal platform (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%). D{{{(i)}}}fferent analyt{{{(i)}}}cal doma{{{(i)}}}ns of the {{{(i)}}}nformal economy can be extended to other pr{{{(i)}}}or{{{(i)}}}ty areas, {{{(i)}}}ndustr{{{(i)}}}es and vulnerable groups. | ||
| 516 | |||
| 517 | = Data sources and gu{{{(i)}}}del{{{(i)}}}nes for data collect{{{(i)}}}on = | ||
| 518 | |||
| 519 | 114. The standards for stat{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}cs on the {{{(i)}}}nformal economy descr{{{(i)}}}bed {{{(i)}}}n th{{{(i)}}}s resolut{{{(i)}}}on prov{{{(i)}}}de the conceptual bas{{{(i)}}}s for stat{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}cs on {{{(i)}}}nformal product{{{(i)}}}ve act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es carr{{{(i)}}}ed out by persons and econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}ts to be comp{{{(i)}}}led {{{(i)}}}n a harmon{{{(i)}}}ous and comparable manner from d{{{(i)}}}fferent data sources. The sources and data collect{{{(i)}}}on methods w{{{(i)}}}ll depend on nat{{{(i)}}}onal pr{{{(i)}}}or{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es, measurement object{{{(i)}}}ves and the relevant reference un{{{(i)}}}t. | ||
| 520 | |||
| 521 | 115. The scope of data on the {{{(i)}}}nformal economy to be collected at the nat{{{(i)}}}onal level should reflect nat{{{(i)}}}onal pr{{{(i)}}}or{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es. G{{{(i)}}}ven the broad scope of the standards, complete coverage of the des{{{(i)}}}red elements m{{{(i)}}}ght requ{{{(i)}}}re the use of mult{{{(i)}}}ple sources. A close collaborat{{{(i)}}}on between d{{{(i)}}}fferent nat{{{(i)}}}onal {{{(i)}}}nst{{{(i)}}}tut{{{(i)}}}ons, {{{(i)}}}nclud{{{(i)}}}ng the ma{{{(i)}}}n users of the data, nat{{{(i)}}}onal stat{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}cal off{{{(i)}}}ces and other nat{{{(i)}}}onal data producers, and between producers of econom{{{(i)}}}c stat{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}cs and labour stat{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}cs, {{{(i)}}}s therefore of {{{(i)}}}mportance to ensure harmon{{{(i)}}}zat{{{(i)}}}on across sources and {{{(i)}}}nst{{{(i)}}}tut{{{(i)}}}ons. | ||
| 522 | |||
| 523 | 116. D{{{(i)}}}fferent data sources each have the{{{(i)}}}r own strengths and l{{{(i)}}}m{{{(i)}}}tat{{{(i)}}}ons and can be v{{{(i)}}}ewed as complementary, to prov{{{(i)}}}de data on d{{{(i)}}}fferent aspects of the {{{(i)}}}nformal economy. Regardless of the data source, {{{(i)}}}n order to fac{{{(i)}}}l{{{(i)}}}tate {{{(i)}}}nternat{{{(i)}}}onal comparab{{{(i)}}}l{{{(i)}}}ty, data on the {{{(i)}}}nformal economy should be produced accord{{{(i)}}}ng to the most recent relevant ILO methodolog{{{(i)}}}cal gu{{{(i)}}}dance. | ||
| 524 | |||
| 525 | 117. For any data source the qual{{{(i)}}}ty of the data generated w{{{(i)}}}ll be determ{{{(i)}}}ned by the comb{{{(i)}}}nat{{{(i)}}}on of methodolog{{{(i)}}}es used and concepts appl{{{(i)}}}ed. D{{{(i)}}}fferences {{{(i)}}}n survey sample s{{{(i)}}}zes, populat{{{(i)}}}on coverage, un{{{(i)}}}t of observat{{{(i)}}}on, ab{{{(i)}}}l{{{(i)}}}ty to apply def{{{(i)}}}n{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}ons comprehens{{{(i)}}}vely and range of data generated, among others, w{{{(i)}}}ll have {{{(i)}}}mpl{{{(i)}}}cat{{{(i)}}}ons {{{(i)}}}n respect of prec{{{(i)}}}s{{{(i)}}}on, b{{{(i)}}}as and comparab{{{(i)}}}l{{{(i)}}}ty across sources. When plann{{{(i)}}}ng the system of stat{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}cs on {{{(i)}}}nformal{{{(i)}}}ty, close attent{{{(i)}}}on should be pa{{{(i)}}}d to the methodolog{{{(i)}}}es used to ensure that est{{{(i)}}}mates generated are as representat{{{(i)}}}ve as poss{{{(i)}}}ble of the target populat{{{(i)}}}on, that the coverage of {{{(i)}}}nd{{{(i)}}}cators produced {{{(i)}}}s {{{(i)}}}n l{{{(i)}}}ne w{{{(i)}}}th object{{{(i)}}}ves, and that samples are adequate to ach{{{(i)}}}eve des{{{(i)}}}red levels of prec{{{(i)}}}s{{{(i)}}}on. | ||
| 526 | |||
| 527 | 118. To enable clear and appropr{{{(i)}}}ate {{{(i)}}}nterpretat{{{(i)}}}on of the stat{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}cs {{{(i)}}}t {{{(i)}}}s cruc{{{(i)}}}al that data qual{{{(i)}}}ty {{{(i)}}}s assessed and reported on transparently. Metadata descr{{{(i)}}}b{{{(i)}}}ng the source, the concepts, the methodolog{{{(i)}}}es, and the results generated should be publ{{{(i)}}}shed alongs{{{(i)}}}de any publ{{{(i)}}}shed data. | ||
| 528 | |||
| 529 | 119. In general, household-based surveys, part{{{(i)}}}cularly [[labour force>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Labour Force.WebHome]] surveys, are {{{(i)}}}mportant data sources for produc{{{(i)}}}ng stat{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}cs w{{{(i)}}}th persons and [[jobs>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] as reference un{{{(i)}}}ts. [[Labour force>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Labour Force.WebHome]] surveys, generally character{{{(i)}}}zed by deta{{{(i)}}}led sequences of quest{{{(i)}}}ons on the character{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}cs of [[jobs>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]], are typ{{{(i)}}}cally the recommended source of stat{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}cs for mon{{{(i)}}}tor{{{(i)}}}ng the extent of {{{(i)}}}nformal and formal [[jobs>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]], assess{{{(i)}}}ng levels of {{{(i)}}}nformal{{{(i)}}}ty and formal{{{(i)}}}ty and levels of protect{{{(i)}}}on and vulnerab{{{(i)}}}l{{{(i)}}}ty, {{{(i)}}}dent{{{(i)}}}fy{{{(i)}}}ng persons most exposed to and most represented among {{{(i)}}}nformal [[jobs>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]], and assess{{{(i)}}}ng the (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work{{{(i)}}}ng(%%) cond{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}ons of persons {{{(i)}}}n formal and {{{(i)}}}nformal [[jobs>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]]. They are also a useful source to {{{(i)}}}dent{{{(i)}}}fy dr{{{(i)}}}vers of {{{(i)}}}nformal{{{(i)}}}ty assoc{{{(i)}}}ated w{{{(i)}}}th the structure of the labour market. A comb{{{(i)}}}ned household-establ{{{(i)}}}shment survey (m{{{(i)}}}xed-survey, 1–2 survey or 1–2–3 survey) may be able to meet the same object{{{(i)}}}ves. | ||
| 530 | |||
| 531 | 120. Other household surveys, such as surveys on poverty and l{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ng standards, or household {{{(i)}}}ncome and expend{{{(i)}}}ture surveys, generally {{{(i)}}}nclude less deta{{{(i)}}}led sequences of quest{{{(i)}}}ons on labour, and may be des{{{(i)}}}gned w{{{(i)}}}th smaller sample s{{{(i)}}}zes than a typ{{{(i)}}}cal [[labour force>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Labour Force.WebHome]] survey. When such surveys {{{(i)}}}nclude quest{{{(i)}}}ons to {{{(i)}}}dent{{{(i)}}}fy persons hav{{{(i)}}}ng {{{(i)}}}nformal and formal [[jobs>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] accord{{{(i)}}}ng to the cr{{{(i)}}}ter{{{(i)}}}a def{{{(i)}}}ned {{{(i)}}}n th{{{(i)}}}s resolut{{{(i)}}}on, they can be part{{{(i)}}}cularly su{{{(i)}}}ted to the product{{{(i)}}}on of data to analyse the relat{{{(i)}}}onsh{{{(i)}}}p between {{{(i)}}}nformal{{{(i)}}}ty and the ma{{{(i)}}}n top{{{(i)}}}cs covered by the survey such as poverty, the level and compos{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}on of {{{(i)}}}ncome and expend{{{(i)}}}ture, and access to soc{{{(i)}}}al protect{{{(i)}}}on beyond jobrelated contr{{{(i)}}}butory soc{{{(i)}}}al secur{{{(i)}}}ty. | ||
| 532 | |||
| 533 | 121. Other spec{{{(i)}}}al{{{(i)}}}zed household surveys, such as t{{{(i)}}}me-use surveys and household-based surveys on agr{{{(i)}}}culture, educat{{{(i)}}}on and tra{{{(i)}}}n{{{(i)}}}ng, or spec{{{(i)}}}al{{{(i)}}}zed surveys on d{{{(i)}}}g{{{(i)}}}tal [[platform employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Platform employment.WebHome]] and labour m{{{(i)}}}grat{{{(i)}}}on, may be better su{{{(i)}}}ted for the measurement of spec{{{(i)}}}f{{{(i)}}}c (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work{{{(i)}}}ng(%%) act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es, or for focus{{{(i)}}}ng on spec{{{(i)}}}f{{{(i)}}}c subgroups of the populat{{{(i)}}}on. T{{{(i)}}}me-use surveys can be an {{{(i)}}}mportant source for the product{{{(i)}}}on of stat{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}cs on part{{{(i)}}}c{{{(i)}}}pat{{{(i)}}}on and t{{{(i)}}}me spent {{{(i)}}}n {{{(i)}}}nformal unpa{{{(i)}}}d (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) such as the own-use prov{{{(i)}}}s{{{(i)}}}on of serv{{{(i)}}}ces ({{{(i)}}}n part{{{(i)}}}cular {{{(i)}}}nformal unpa{{{(i)}}}d domest{{{(i)}}}c (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) and care (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%)). Surveys target{{{(i)}}}ng spec{{{(i)}}}f{{{(i)}}}c subgroups of the populat{{{(i)}}}on m{{{(i)}}}ght be more appropr{{{(i)}}}ate for groups whose total number m{{{(i)}}}ght be small {{{(i)}}}n [[labour force>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Labour Force.WebHome]] survey samples, l{{{(i)}}}m{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}ng the poss{{{(i)}}}b{{{(i)}}}l{{{(i)}}}ty to produce rel{{{(i)}}}able stat{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}cs. It should be taken {{{(i)}}}nto account that the constra{{{(i)}}}nts of sample surveys often mean that certa{{{(i)}}}n groups at greater r{{{(i)}}}sk of {{{(i)}}}nformal{{{(i)}}}ty, such as persons w{{{(i)}}}th a d{{{(i)}}}sab{{{(i)}}}l{{{(i)}}}ty, m{{{(i)}}}grant workers or d{{{(i)}}}g{{{(i)}}}tal platform workers, are also those l{{{(i)}}}kely to be under-represented {{{(i)}}}n the sample. | ||
| 534 | |||
| 535 | 122. Nat{{{(i)}}}onal populat{{{(i)}}}on censuses are an {{{(i)}}}mportant source of stat{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}cs on [[employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]] and often prov{{{(i)}}}de the bas{{{(i)}}}s for des{{{(i)}}}gn{{{(i)}}}ng survey samples, {{{(i)}}}ntegrat{{{(i)}}}ng nat{{{(i)}}}onal data sources and produc{{{(i)}}}ng small area est{{{(i)}}}mates. Includ{{{(i)}}}ng quest{{{(i)}}}ons to class{{{(i)}}}fy those [[employed>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Persons {{{(i)}}}n Employment.WebHome]] accord{{{(i)}}}ng to the formal or {{{(i)}}}nformal nature of the{{{(i)}}}r [[job>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]], can allow the generat{{{(i)}}}on of est{{{(i)}}}mates of {{{(i)}}}nformal{{{(i)}}}ty for small geograph{{{(i)}}}cal areas as well as for small populat{{{(i)}}}on groups. The need to l{{{(i)}}}m{{{(i)}}}t the number of quest{{{(i)}}}ons that can be {{{(i)}}}ncluded {{{(i)}}}n most populat{{{(i)}}}on censuses could requ{{{(i)}}}re the number of cr{{{(i)}}}ter{{{(i)}}}a to def{{{(i)}}}ne formal and {{{(i)}}}nformal [[jobs>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] be l{{{(i)}}}m{{{(i)}}}ted to a smaller set among those def{{{(i)}}}ned {{{(i)}}}n th{{{(i)}}}s resolut{{{(i)}}}on. | ||
| 536 | |||
| 537 | 123. Econom{{{(i)}}}c censuses, enterpr{{{(i)}}}se-based surveys and m{{{(i)}}}xed surveys are the ma{{{(i)}}}n data sources for the analys{{{(i)}}}s of [[{{{(i)}}}nformal sector>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Informal sector.WebHome]] and formal sector econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}ts, the{{{(i)}}}r product{{{(i)}}}on and contr{{{(i)}}}but{{{(i)}}}on to GDP, and the{{{(i)}}}r character{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}cs. In general, due attent{{{(i)}}}on should be pa{{{(i)}}}d to ensur{{{(i)}}}ng that the scope of act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es and type of econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}ts covered ({{{(i)}}}n terms of s{{{(i)}}}ze, place of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%), econom{{{(i)}}}c act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty and {{{(i)}}}nst{{{(i)}}}tut{{{(i)}}}onal sector) do not {{{(i)}}}mply an exclus{{{(i)}}}on of econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}ts l{{{(i)}}}kely to be {{{(i)}}}nformal (for example, {{{(i)}}}ndependent workers w{{{(i)}}}thout [[employees>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]], un{{{(i)}}}ts under a certa{{{(i)}}}n s{{{(i)}}}ze threshold, un{{{(i)}}}ts carry{{{(i)}}}ng out agr{{{(i)}}}cultural act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es, un{{{(i)}}}ts w{{{(i)}}}th non-f{{{(i)}}}xed prem{{{(i)}}}ses or home-based act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es). To ach{{{(i)}}}eve comprehens{{{(i)}}}ve coverage of [[{{{(i)}}}nformal sector>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Informal sector.WebHome]] un{{{(i)}}}ts, spec{{{(i)}}}al attent{{{(i)}}}on should be pa{{{(i)}}}d to the sampl{{{(i)}}}ng methods and frame used. The use of area-based sampl{{{(i)}}}ng frames can be a useful method to establ{{{(i)}}}sh an exhaust{{{(i)}}}ve l{{{(i)}}}st of un{{{(i)}}}ts cover{{{(i)}}}ng household-based act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es and act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es tak{{{(i)}}}ng place {{{(i)}}}n non-f{{{(i)}}}xed locat{{{(i)}}}ons. | ||
| 538 | |||
| 539 | 124. M{{{(i)}}}xed surveys, that {{{(i)}}}s comb{{{(i)}}}ned mult{{{(i)}}}-stage household and establ{{{(i)}}}shment surveys, are spec{{{(i)}}}f{{{(i)}}}cally des{{{(i)}}}gned to {{{(i)}}}dent{{{(i)}}}fy and target econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}ts {{{(i)}}}n the [[{{{(i)}}}nformal sector>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Informal sector.WebHome]]. Der{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ng the{{{(i)}}}r sample from a representat{{{(i)}}}ve household survey, such as the [[labour force>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Labour Force.WebHome]] survey, ensures the {{{(i)}}}nclus{{{(i)}}}on of all types of act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es w{{{(i)}}}th{{{(i)}}}n the [[{{{(i)}}}nformal sector>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Informal sector.WebHome]], home-based act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es, act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es carr{{{(i)}}}ed out from f{{{(i)}}}xed locat{{{(i)}}}ons as well as non-f{{{(i)}}}xed locat{{{(i)}}}ons. Th{{{(i)}}}s requ{{{(i)}}}res an {{{(i)}}}dent{{{(i)}}}f{{{(i)}}}cat{{{(i)}}}on of econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}ts {{{(i)}}}n the [[{{{(i)}}}nformal sector>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Informal sector.WebHome]], through the{{{(i)}}}r owner(s), {{{(i)}}}n the f{{{(i)}}}rst phase. Care should be taken to ensure a suff{{{(i)}}}c{{{(i)}}}ent s{{{(i)}}}zed representat{{{(i)}}}ve sample of econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}ts {{{(i)}}}n the [[{{{(i)}}}nformal sector>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Informal sector.WebHome]]. | ||
| 540 | |||
| 541 | 125. Adm{{{(i)}}}n{{{(i)}}}strat{{{(i)}}}ve records can be used as part of an {{{(i)}}}nd{{{(i)}}}rect est{{{(i)}}}mat{{{(i)}}}on of [[{{{(i)}}}nformal employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Informal employment.WebHome]] and of the [[{{{(i)}}}nformal sector>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Informal sector.WebHome]], because they prov{{{(i)}}}de {{{(i)}}}nformat{{{(i)}}}on on formal [[employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]] and the formal sector. The number of persons covered by formal arrangements can, for example, be est{{{(i)}}}mated {{{(i)}}}n taxat{{{(i)}}}on systems, [[employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]] serv{{{(i)}}}ces and soc{{{(i)}}}al secur{{{(i)}}}ty schemes. The s{{{(i)}}}ze of the formal sector could be est{{{(i)}}}mated by the use of bus{{{(i)}}}ness reg{{{(i)}}}sters, tax reg{{{(i)}}}sters and the l{{{(i)}}}ke. The poss{{{(i)}}}b{{{(i)}}}l{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es to do so depend on the structure and content of the country-spec{{{(i)}}}f{{{(i)}}}c adm{{{(i)}}}n{{{(i)}}}strat{{{(i)}}}ve sources. Pr{{{(i)}}}or{{{(i)}}}ty should however, {{{(i)}}}n general be g{{{(i)}}}ven to d{{{(i)}}}rect methods based on household surveys and enterpr{{{(i)}}}se-based surveys or m{{{(i)}}}xed surveys for more accurate est{{{(i)}}}mat{{{(i)}}}ons of the total [[{{{(i)}}}nformal employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Informal employment.WebHome]] and the [[{{{(i)}}}nformal sector>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Informal sector.WebHome]]. Adm{{{(i)}}}n{{{(i)}}}strat{{{(i)}}}ve {{{(i)}}}nformat{{{(i)}}}on such as legal {{{(i)}}}dent{{{(i)}}}ty of the econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}t, taxat{{{(i)}}}on, declared [[earn{{{(i)}}}ngs>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Earn{{{(i)}}}ngs.WebHome]] or {{{(i)}}}ncome and contr{{{(i)}}}but{{{(i)}}}ons to soc{{{(i)}}}al {{{(i)}}}nsurance {{{(i)}}}n relat{{{(i)}}}on to a spec{{{(i)}}}f{{{(i)}}}c [[job>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] can also be used as relevant aux{{{(i)}}}l{{{(i)}}}ary {{{(i)}}}nformat{{{(i)}}}on {{{(i)}}}n surveys to further support the {{{(i)}}}dent{{{(i)}}}f{{{(i)}}}cat{{{(i)}}}on of formal [[jobs>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] and formal econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}ts. Th{{{(i)}}}s requ{{{(i)}}}res that a d{{{(i)}}}rect l{{{(i)}}}nkage at the level of persons and [[jobs>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] or econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}ts {{{(i)}}}s feas{{{(i)}}}ble {{{(i)}}}n the country. | ||
| 542 | |||
| 543 | = Ind{{{(i)}}}cators = | ||
| 544 | |||
| 545 | 126. To support the development of nat{{{(i)}}}onal pol{{{(i)}}}c{{{(i)}}}es and {{{(i)}}}ntervent{{{(i)}}}ons for address{{{(i)}}}ng the consequences of {{{(i)}}}nformal{{{(i)}}}ty and fac{{{(i)}}}l{{{(i)}}}tat{{{(i)}}}ng trans{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}ons to formal{{{(i)}}}ty based on ev{{{(i)}}}dence, a set of {{{(i)}}}nd{{{(i)}}}cators should be selected reflect{{{(i)}}}ng the nat{{{(i)}}}onal context, pr{{{(i)}}}or{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es and object{{{(i)}}}ves. The {{{(i)}}}nd{{{(i)}}}cators to be produced w{{{(i)}}}ll depend on the spec{{{(i)}}}f{{{(i)}}}c component of the {{{(i)}}}nformal economy under scrut{{{(i)}}}ny, data sources and nat{{{(i)}}}onal pol{{{(i)}}}cy goals. The {{{(i)}}}nd{{{(i)}}}cators recommended {{{(i)}}}n th{{{(i)}}}s resolut{{{(i)}}}on are supported by the broader Informal Economy Ind{{{(i)}}}cator Framework{{footnote}}Ava{{{(i)}}}lable on the ILO webs{{{(i)}}}te{{/footnote}}, wh{{{(i)}}}ch prov{{{(i)}}}des a complete set of {{{(i)}}}nd{{{(i)}}}cators and measures that m{{{(i)}}}ght be relevant, depend{{{(i)}}}ng on the nat{{{(i)}}}onal sett{{{(i)}}}ngs. | ||
| 546 | |||
| 547 | 127. The {{{(i)}}}nd{{{(i)}}}cators l{{{(i)}}}nked to the d{{{(i)}}}fferent components of the {{{(i)}}}nformal economy, as def{{{(i)}}}ned by th{{{(i)}}}s resolut{{{(i)}}}on, are structured to prov{{{(i)}}}de {{{(i)}}}nformat{{{(i)}}}on on s{{{(i)}}}x d{{{(i)}}}mens{{{(i)}}}ons of {{{(i)}}}nformal{{{(i)}}}ty: | ||
| 548 | |||
| 549 | * (a) the extent of {{{(i)}}}nformal{{{(i)}}}ty – the prevalence of {{{(i)}}}nformal{{{(i)}}}ty across [[jobs>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]], econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}ts and act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es; | ||
| 550 | * (b) the compos{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}on of {{{(i)}}}nformal{{{(i)}}}ty – the d{{{(i)}}}str{{{(i)}}}but{{{(i)}}}on of {{{(i)}}}nformal and formal [[jobs>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] and econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}ts by soc{{{(i)}}}o-demograph{{{(i)}}}c, [[employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]]-related character{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}cs and character{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}cs of the econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}ts and soc{{{(i)}}}o-demograph{{{(i)}}}c character{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}cs of the owner or owners; | ||
| 551 | * (c) the exposure to {{{(i)}}}nformal{{{(i)}}}ty – the percentage of persons w{{{(i)}}}th {{{(i)}}}nformal ma{{{(i)}}}n [[jobs>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] and of econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}ts {{{(i)}}}n the [[{{{(i)}}}nformal sector>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Informal sector.WebHome]] by soc{{{(i)}}}o-demograph{{{(i)}}}c, [[employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]]-related character{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}cs and character{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}cs of the econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}ts and soc{{{(i)}}}o-demograph{{{(i)}}}c character{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}cs of the owner or owners; | ||
| 552 | * (d) (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work{{{(i)}}}ng(%%) cond{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}ons and levels of protect{{{(i)}}}on for those {{{(i)}}}n {{{(i)}}}nformal and formal [[employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]], product{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty and factors constra{{{(i)}}}n{{{(i)}}}ng or enhanc{{{(i)}}}ng the development and susta{{{(i)}}}nab{{{(i)}}}l{{{(i)}}}ty of {{{(i)}}}nformal econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}ts and formal ones; | ||
| 553 | * (e) contextual vulnerab{{{(i)}}}l{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es – {{{(i)}}}nclud{{{(i)}}}ng poverty, {{{(i)}}}nequal{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es, d{{{(i)}}}scr{{{(i)}}}m{{{(i)}}}nat{{{(i)}}}on and other cond{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}ons such as l{{{(i)}}}m{{{(i)}}}ted or no access to land and natural resources; and w{{{(i)}}}th regard to all {{{(i)}}}ncome sources and soc{{{(i)}}}al protect{{{(i)}}}on from all household members, as well as the compos{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}on of households.; and | ||
| 554 | * (f) other structural factors.{{footnote}}Ind{{{(i)}}}cators relat{{{(i)}}}ng to structural factors are not def{{{(i)}}}ned {{{(i)}}}n the resolut{{{(i)}}}on as these refer to the {{{(i)}}}nd{{{(i)}}}cators def{{{(i)}}}ned {{{(i)}}}n the latest stat{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}cal standards on work, employment and work relat{{{(i)}}}onsh{{{(i)}}}ps.{{/footnote}} | ||
| 555 | |||
| 556 | == Informal employment{{footnote}}As def{{{(i)}}}ned {{{(i)}}}n paras 56–63.{{/footnote}} == | ||
| 557 | |||
| 558 | 128. All countr{{{(i)}}}es are encouraged to produce headl{{{(i)}}}ne {{{(i)}}}nd{{{(i)}}}cators as set out below, referr{{{(i)}}}ng to the extent (the d{{{(i)}}}mens{{{(i)}}}on descr{{{(i)}}}bed {{{(i)}}}n paragraph 127(a)) and the compos{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}on (the d{{{(i)}}}mens{{{(i)}}}on descr{{{(i)}}}bed {{{(i)}}}n paragraph 127(b)) of [[{{{(i)}}}nformal employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Informal employment.WebHome]] and the exposure to {{{(i)}}}nformal{{{(i)}}}ty (the d{{{(i)}}}mens{{{(i)}}}on descr{{{(i)}}}bed {{{(i)}}}n paragraph 127(c)), w{{{(i)}}}th a regular frequency for example at quarterly or yearly {{{(i)}}}ntervals. | ||
| 559 | |||
| 560 | * (a(Number of persons w{{{(i)}}}th an {{{(i)}}}nformal ma{{{(i)}}}n [[job>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] and the percentage of {{{(i)}}}nformal ma{{{(i)}}}n [[jobs>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] {{{(i)}}}n relat{{{(i)}}}on to total [[employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]], by econom{{{(i)}}}c act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty and by sex. | ||
| 561 | * (b) Number and d{{{(i)}}}str{{{(i)}}}but{{{(i)}}}on of persons w{{{(i)}}}th an {{{(i)}}}nformal ma{{{(i)}}}n [[job>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] by [[{{{(i)}}}nformal sector>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Informal sector.WebHome]], formal sector, household [[own-use product{{{(i)}}}on>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Own-use Product{{{(i)}}}on.WebHome]] and commun{{{(i)}}}ty sector{{footnote}}As def{{{(i)}}}ned {{{(i)}}}n paras 22–27.{{/footnote}} and status {{{(i)}}}n [[employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]] and by sex. | ||
| 562 | * (c) D{{{(i)}}}str{{{(i)}}}but{{{(i)}}}on of persons w{{{(i)}}}th an {{{(i)}}}nformal or formal ma{{{(i)}}}n [[job>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] by soc{{{(i)}}}o-demograph{{{(i)}}}c character{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}cs and [[employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]]-related character{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}cs and by sex. | ||
| 563 | * (d) Percentage of [[employed persons>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Persons {{{(i)}}}n Employment.WebHome]] w{{{(i)}}}th an {{{(i)}}}nformal ma{{{(i)}}}n [[job>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] by soc{{{(i)}}}o-demograph{{{(i)}}}c and [[employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]]-related character{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}cs and by sex. | ||
| 564 | |||
| 565 | 129. Depend{{{(i)}}}ng on feas{{{(i)}}}b{{{(i)}}}l{{{(i)}}}ty and on nat{{{(i)}}}onal needs and pr{{{(i)}}}or{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es, {{{(i)}}}t {{{(i)}}}s recommended that countr{{{(i)}}}es prov{{{(i)}}}de the {{{(i)}}}nd{{{(i)}}}cators relat{{{(i)}}}ng to the d{{{(i)}}}mens{{{(i)}}}ons descr{{{(i)}}}bed {{{(i)}}}n paragraph 127(d) and (e), as outl{{{(i)}}}ned below, w{{{(i)}}}th some regular{{{(i)}}}ty (for example, every 1–5 years). Th{{{(i)}}}s w{{{(i)}}}ll fac{{{(i)}}}l{{{(i)}}}tate a better understand{{{(i)}}}ng of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work{{{(i)}}}ng(%%) cond{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}ons and contextual vulnerab{{{(i)}}}l{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es assoc{{{(i)}}}ated w{{{(i)}}}th {{{(i)}}}nformal and formal [[jobs>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]]. | ||
| 566 | |||
| 567 | 130. The recommended {{{(i)}}}nd{{{(i)}}}cators for assess{{{(i)}}}ng levels of protect{{{(i)}}}on, decent (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) def{{{(i)}}}c{{{(i)}}}ts assoc{{{(i)}}}ated w{{{(i)}}}th {{{(i)}}}nformal{{{(i)}}}ty, and whether formal [[jobs>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] are assoc{{{(i)}}}ated w{{{(i)}}}th decent (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work{{{(i)}}}ng(%%) cond{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}ons are set out below. | ||
| 568 | |||
| 569 | * (a) Ind{{{(i)}}}cators to prov{{{(i)}}}de {{{(i)}}}nformat{{{(i)}}}on on levels of protect{{{(i)}}}on among workers w{{{(i)}}}th {{{(i)}}}nformal ma{{{(i)}}}n [[jobs>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] and formal ma{{{(i)}}}n [[jobs>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] are: | ||
| 570 | ** ({{{(i)}}} ) Percentage of {{{(i)}}}ndependent workers, respect{{{(i)}}}vely, w{{{(i)}}}th an {{{(i)}}}nformal or a formal ma{{{(i)}}}n [[job>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]], who contr{{{(i)}}}bute on a voluntary or mandatory bas{{{(i)}}}s to [[job>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]]-related statutory soc{{{(i)}}}al secur{{{(i)}}}ty {{{(i)}}}nsurance. | ||
| 571 | ** ({{{(i)}}}{{{(i)}}}) Percentage of contr{{{(i)}}}but{{{(i)}}}ng fam{{{(i)}}}ly workers, respect{{{(i)}}}vely, w{{{(i)}}}th an {{{(i)}}}nformal or a formal ma{{{(i)}}}n [[job>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]], who contr{{{(i)}}}bute on a voluntary or mandatory bas{{{(i)}}}s to [[job>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]]-related statutory soc{{{(i)}}}al secur{{{(i)}}}ty {{{(i)}}}nsurance. | ||
| 572 | ** ({{{(i)}}}{{{(i)}}}{{{(i)}}}) Percentage of dependent contractors, respect{{{(i)}}}vely, w{{{(i)}}}th an {{{(i)}}}nformal or a formal ma{{{(i)}}}n [[job>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]], who contr{{{(i)}}}bute on a voluntary or mandatory bas{{{(i)}}}s to [[job>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]]-related statutory soc{{{(i)}}}al secur{{{(i)}}}ty {{{(i)}}}nsurance. | ||
| 573 | ** ({{{(i)}}}v) Percentage of [[employees>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]] w{{{(i)}}}th a formal ma{{{(i)}}}n [[job>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] that have effect{{{(i)}}}ve access to [[employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]] benef{{{(i)}}}ts such as pa{{{(i)}}}d annual leave and pa{{{(i)}}}d s{{{(i)}}}ck leave or other relevant nat{{{(i)}}}onal [[employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]] benef{{{(i)}}}ts. | ||
| 574 | ** (v) Percentage of [[employees>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]] w{{{(i)}}}th an {{{(i)}}}nformal ma{{{(i)}}}n [[job>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] that have effect{{{(i)}}}ve access to some [[employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]] benef{{{(i)}}}ts such as pa{{{(i)}}}d annual leave or pa{{{(i)}}}d s{{{(i)}}}ck leave or other relevant nat{{{(i)}}}onal [[employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]] benef{{{(i)}}}ts. | ||
| 575 | * (b) Ind{{{(i)}}}cators to prov{{{(i)}}}de {{{(i)}}}nformat{{{(i)}}}on on (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work{{{(i)}}}ng(%%) cond{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}ons among workers w{{{(i)}}}th {{{(i)}}}nformal ma{{{(i)}}}n [[jobs>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] and formal ma{{{(i)}}}n [[jobs>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] are: | ||
| 576 | ** ({{{(i)}}} ) Monthly and hourly average [[employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]] {{{(i)}}}ncome among workers w{{{(i)}}}th {{{(i)}}}nformal ma{{{(i)}}}n [[jobs>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] and formal ma{{{(i)}}}n [[jobs>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]], by status {{{(i)}}}n [[employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]]. | ||
| 577 | ** ({{{(i)}}}{{{(i)}}}) Percentage of persons w{{{(i)}}}th {{{(i)}}}nformal ma{{{(i)}}}n [[jobs>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] and formal ma{{{(i)}}}n [[jobs>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] earn{{{(i)}}}ng less than the def{{{(i)}}}ned benchmarks (for example, the [[m{{{(i)}}}n{{{(i)}}}mum wage>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.M{{{(i)}}}n{{{(i)}}}mum wage.WebHome]] or 50 per cent of the med{{{(i)}}}an [[wage>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Earn{{{(i)}}}ngs.WebHome]]), by status {{{(i)}}}n [[employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]]. | ||
| 578 | ** ({{{(i)}}}{{{(i)}}}{{{(i)}}}) D{{{(i)}}}str{{{(i)}}}but{{{(i)}}}on of [[employees>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]] w{{{(i)}}}th {{{(i)}}}nformal and formal ma{{{(i)}}}n [[jobs>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]], by type and durat{{{(i)}}}on of [[employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]] agreement. | ||
| 579 | ** ({{{(i)}}}v) D{{{(i)}}}str{{{(i)}}}but{{{(i)}}}on of persons w{{{(i)}}}th {{{(i)}}}nformal and formal ma{{{(i)}}}n [[jobs>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]], by place of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) and status {{{(i)}}}n [[employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]]. | ||
| 580 | ** (v) D{{{(i)}}}str{{{(i)}}}but{{{(i)}}}on of persons w{{{(i)}}}th {{{(i)}}}nformal and formal ma{{{(i)}}}n [[jobs>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]], by actual hours (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)worked(%%) (hour bands) {{{(i)}}}n ma{{{(i)}}}n [[job>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] per week and by status {{{(i)}}}n [[employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]]. | ||
| 581 | ** (v{{{(i)}}}) Average number of actual hours of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) per week {{{(i)}}}n ma{{{(i)}}}n [[job>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]], by persons w{{{(i)}}}th {{{(i)}}}nformal and formal ma{{{(i)}}}n [[jobs>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] and by status {{{(i)}}}n [[employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]]. | ||
| 582 | ** (v{{{(i)}}}{{{(i)}}}) T{{{(i)}}}me-related under-[[employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]] among workers (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work{{{(i)}}}ng(%%) less than a set number of hours w{{{(i)}}}th {{{(i)}}}nformal and formal ma{{{(i)}}}n [[jobs>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]], by status {{{(i)}}}n [[employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]]. | ||
| 583 | ** (v{{{(i)}}}{{{(i)}}}{{{(i)}}}) Percentage of persons w{{{(i)}}}th {{{(i)}}}nformal and formal ma{{{(i)}}}n [[jobs>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] aff{{{(i)}}}l{{{(i)}}}ated to a un{{{(i)}}}on, a profess{{{(i)}}}onal organ{{{(i)}}}zat{{{(i)}}}on, a workers’ assoc{{{(i)}}}at{{{(i)}}}on or a member-based organ{{{(i)}}}zat{{{(i)}}}on of workers, by status {{{(i)}}}n [[employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]]. | ||
| 584 | ** ({{{(i)}}}x) Percentage of [[employees>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]] w{{{(i)}}}th {{{(i)}}}nformal and formal ma{{{(i)}}}n [[jobs>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] covered by one or more collect{{{(i)}}}ve agreements where appl{{{(i)}}}cable. | ||
| 585 | |||
| 586 | 131. The set of {{{(i)}}}nd{{{(i)}}}cators {{{(i)}}}n paragraphs 128 and 130 should be prov{{{(i)}}}ded {{{(i)}}}n reference to the ma{{{(i)}}}n [[job>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]]. Depend{{{(i)}}}ng on nat{{{(i)}}}onal needs and object{{{(i)}}}ves, the {{{(i)}}}nd{{{(i)}}}cators can also be appl{{{(i)}}}ed w{{{(i)}}}th {{{(i)}}}nformal and formal secondary [[jobs>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] as reference. By convent{{{(i)}}}on, the terms “{{{(i)}}}nformal ma{{{(i)}}}n [[job>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]]” and “formal ma{{{(i)}}}n [[job>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]]” may be replaced by the terms “[[{{{(i)}}}nformal employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Informal employment.WebHome]]” and “formal [[employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]]” when produc{{{(i)}}}ng and present{{{(i)}}}ng the {{{(i)}}}nd{{{(i)}}}cators. | ||
| 587 | |||
| 588 | 132. Spec{{{(i)}}}f{{{(i)}}}c {{{(i)}}}nd{{{(i)}}}cators {{{(i)}}}n relat{{{(i)}}}on to {{{(i)}}}nformal second [[jobs>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] can be produced for all workers or {{{(i)}}}n relat{{{(i)}}}on to some spec{{{(i)}}}f{{{(i)}}}c type of act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es l{{{(i)}}}kely to be carr{{{(i)}}}ed out as secondary act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es, depend{{{(i)}}}ng on feas{{{(i)}}}b{{{(i)}}}l{{{(i)}}}ty and nat{{{(i)}}}onal needs as set out below: | ||
| 589 | |||
| 590 | * (a) Percentage of persons w{{{(i)}}}th {{{(i)}}}nformal second [[jobs>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] by status {{{(i)}}}n [[employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]]. | ||
| 591 | * (b) Percentage of persons w{{{(i)}}}th {{{(i)}}}nformal ma{{{(i)}}}n [[job>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] and formal ma{{{(i)}}}n [[job>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] w{{{(i)}}}th {{{(i)}}}nformal second [[jobs>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]]. | ||
| 592 | |||
| 593 | 133. To prov{{{(i)}}}de contextual {{{(i)}}}nformat{{{(i)}}}on on the degree of vulnerab{{{(i)}}}l{{{(i)}}}ty w{{{(i)}}}th{{{(i)}}}n households, the {{{(i)}}}nd{{{(i)}}}cators set out below are recommended. | ||
| 594 | |||
| 595 | * (a) Percentage of persons w{{{(i)}}}th {{{(i)}}}nformal ma{{{(i)}}}n [[jobs>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] who are l{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ng {{{(i)}}}n households w{{{(i)}}}th at least one household member {{{(i)}}}n formal [[employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]]. | ||
| 596 | * (b) Percentage of persons w{{{(i)}}}th {{{(i)}}}nformal ma{{{(i)}}}n [[jobs>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] who are l{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ng {{{(i)}}}n households w{{{(i)}}}th at least one household member contr{{{(i)}}}but{{{(i)}}}ng to soc{{{(i)}}}al secur{{{(i)}}}ty. | ||
| 597 | * (c) Percentage of persons w{{{(i)}}}th respect{{{(i)}}}vely {{{(i)}}}nformal and formal ma{{{(i)}}}n [[jobs>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] who are l{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ng {{{(i)}}}n households below the nat{{{(i)}}}onal poverty threshold. | ||
| 598 | * (d) Percentage of persons w{{{(i)}}}th {{{(i)}}}nformal ma{{{(i)}}}n [[jobs>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]], l{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ng {{{(i)}}}n poor households and non-poor households. | ||
| 599 | |||
| 600 | == Partly {{{(i)}}}nformal product{{{(i)}}}ve act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es{{footnote}}As def{{{(i)}}}ned {{{(i)}}}n paras 92–96.{{/footnote}} == | ||
| 601 | |||
| 602 | 134. To the extent {{{(i)}}}t {{{(i)}}}s cons{{{(i)}}}dered a nat{{{(i)}}}onal pr{{{(i)}}}or{{{(i)}}}ty to measure partly {{{(i)}}}nformal product{{{(i)}}}ve act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es {{{(i)}}}n relat{{{(i)}}}on to formal [[jobs>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] the follow{{{(i)}}}ng {{{(i)}}}nd{{{(i)}}}cators are recommended: | ||
| 603 | |||
| 604 | * (a) Percentage of [[employees>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]] {{{(i)}}}n a formal ma{{{(i)}}}n [[job>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] where a part of the pa{{{(i)}}}d hours and [[earn{{{(i)}}}ngs>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Earn{{{(i)}}}ngs.WebHome]] {{{(i)}}}s not declared for taxat{{{(i)}}}on or mandatory [[job>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]]-related soc{{{(i)}}}al secur{{{(i)}}}ty contr{{{(i)}}}but{{{(i)}}}ons. | ||
| 605 | * (b) Volume or monetary value of partly {{{(i)}}}nformal pa{{{(i)}}}d hours from [[employees>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]] {{{(i)}}}n a formal ma{{{(i)}}}n [[job>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]]. | ||
| 606 | * (c) Percentage of respect{{{(i)}}}vely {{{(i)}}}ndependent workers and dependent contractors {{{(i)}}}n a formal ma{{{(i)}}}n [[job>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] where part of the{{{(i)}}}r {{{(i)}}}ncome {{{(i)}}}s not declared for taxat{{{(i)}}}on. | ||
| 607 | * (d) Monetary value of partly {{{(i)}}}nformal product{{{(i)}}}ve act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es carr{{{(i)}}}ed out respect{{{(i)}}}vely by {{{(i)}}}ndependent workers and dependent contractors {{{(i)}}}n relat{{{(i)}}}on to formal ma{{{(i)}}}n [[jobs>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]]. | ||
| 608 | |||
| 609 | == Essent{{{(i)}}}al categor{{{(i)}}}es of {{{(i)}}}nformal work other than employment{{footnote}}As def{{{(i)}}}ned {{{(i)}}}n paras 109–113.{{/footnote}} == | ||
| 610 | |||
| 611 | 135. In countr{{{(i)}}}es where [[subs{{{(i)}}}stence foodstuff producers>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Subs{{{(i)}}}stence foodstuff producers.WebHome]] or unpa{{{(i)}}}d tra{{{(i)}}}nees are s{{{(i)}}}gn{{{(i)}}}f{{{(i)}}}cant, countr{{{(i)}}}es are recommended to prov{{{(i)}}}de {{{(i)}}}nformat{{{(i)}}}on about the levels of part{{{(i)}}}c{{{(i)}}}pat{{{(i)}}}on {{{(i)}}}n these essent{{{(i)}}}al categor{{{(i)}}}es of {{{(i)}}}nformal unpa{{{(i)}}}d (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) as descr{{{(i)}}}bed below. | ||
| 612 | |||
| 613 | * (a) The number of {{{(i)}}}nformal [[subs{{{(i)}}}stence foodstuff producers>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Subs{{{(i)}}}stence foodstuff producers.WebHome]] and percentages {{{(i)}}}n relat{{{(i)}}}on to: the sum of persons w{{{(i)}}}th {{{(i)}}}nformal ma{{{(i)}}}n [[jobs>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] and [[subs{{{(i)}}}stence foodstuff producers>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Subs{{{(i)}}}stence foodstuff producers.WebHome]]; and ({{{(i)}}}{{{(i)}}}) total [[employed persons>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Persons {{{(i)}}}n Employment.WebHome]] and [[subs{{{(i)}}}stence foodstuff producers>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Subs{{{(i)}}}stence foodstuff producers.WebHome]]. | ||
| 614 | * (b) The number of {{{(i)}}}nformal unpa{{{(i)}}}d tra{{{(i)}}}nees and percentage {{{(i)}}}n relat{{{(i)}}}on to total unpa{{{(i)}}}d tra{{{(i)}}}nees. | ||
| 615 | * (c) The number of {{{(i)}}}nformal tra{{{(i)}}}nees, pa{{{(i)}}}d and unpa{{{(i)}}}d, and percentage {{{(i)}}}n relat{{{(i)}}}on to total tra{{{(i)}}}nees, pa{{{(i)}}}d and unpa{{{(i)}}}d. | ||
| 616 | |||
| 617 | == Informal sector{{footnote}}As def{{{(i)}}}ned {{{(i)}}}n para. 26(b){{/footnote}} == | ||
| 618 | |||
| 619 | 136. The {{{(i)}}}nd{{{(i)}}}cators referr{{{(i)}}}ng to the [[{{{(i)}}}nformal sector>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Informal sector.WebHome]] are organ{{{(i)}}}zed around the reference un{{{(i)}}}ts of econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}ts. They reflect the extent (the d{{{(i)}}}mens{{{(i)}}}on descr{{{(i)}}}bed {{{(i)}}}n paragraph 127(a)) and the compos{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}on (the d{{{(i)}}}mens{{{(i)}}}on descr{{{(i)}}}bed {{{(i)}}}n paragraph 127(b)) of {{{(i)}}}nformal household un{{{(i)}}}ncorporated market enterpr{{{(i)}}}ses, the exposure to {{{(i)}}}nformal{{{(i)}}}ty (the d{{{(i)}}}mens{{{(i)}}}on descr{{{(i)}}}bed {{{(i)}}}n paragraph 127(c)) and product{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty (the d{{{(i)}}}mens{{{(i)}}}on descr{{{(i)}}}bed {{{(i)}}}n paragraph 127(d)). The recommended {{{(i)}}}nd{{{(i)}}}cators are set out below. | ||
| 620 | |||
| 621 | * (a) Number and percentage of {{{(i)}}}nformal household un{{{(i)}}}ncorporated market enterpr{{{(i)}}}ses {{{(i)}}}n relat{{{(i)}}}on to the total number of econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}ts {{{(i)}}}n the {{{(i)}}}nformal and formal sector, by econom{{{(i)}}}c act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty. | ||
| 622 | * (b) D{{{(i)}}}str{{{(i)}}}but{{{(i)}}}on of {{{(i)}}}nformal household un{{{(i)}}}ncorporated market enterpr{{{(i)}}}ses and formal econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}ts by econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}t character{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}cs and by soc{{{(i)}}}o-demograph{{{(i)}}}c character{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}cs of the owner or owners. | ||
| 623 | * (c) Percentage of {{{(i)}}}nformal household un{{{(i)}}}ncorporated market enterpr{{{(i)}}}ses {{{(i)}}}n relat{{{(i)}}}on to econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}t character{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}cs and by soc{{{(i)}}}o-demograph{{{(i)}}}c character{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}cs of the owner or owners. | ||
| 624 | * (d) Value added and output {{{(i)}}}n {{{(i)}}}nformal household un{{{(i)}}}ncorporated market enterpr{{{(i)}}}ses compared to formal econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}ts per worker, by econom{{{(i)}}}c act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty. | ||
| 625 | |||
| 626 | == Contr{{{(i)}}}but{{{(i)}}}on of the {{{(i)}}}nformal economy to GDP == | ||
| 627 | |||
| 628 | 137. The types of {{{(i)}}}nd{{{(i)}}}cators cover{{{(i)}}}ng the contr{{{(i)}}}but{{{(i)}}}on of the {{{(i)}}}nformal economy to GDP are organ{{{(i)}}}zed around the reference un{{{(i)}}}ts of econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}ts and product{{{(i)}}}ve act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es of persons. They reflect the extent of the {{{(i)}}}nformal product{{{(i)}}}on (the d{{{(i)}}}mens{{{(i)}}}on descr{{{(i)}}}bed {{{(i)}}}n paragraph 127(a)) and the product{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty of econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}ts {{{(i)}}}n the {{{(i)}}}nformal economy (the d{{{(i)}}}mens{{{(i)}}}on descr{{{(i)}}}bed {{{(i)}}}n paragraph 127(d)). The {{{(i)}}}nd{{{(i)}}}cators produced should cover the follow{{{(i)}}}ng components: | ||
| 629 | |||
| 630 | * (a) Contr{{{(i)}}}but{{{(i)}}}on of the [[{{{(i)}}}nformal sector>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Informal sector.WebHome]] to GDP, by econom{{{(i)}}}c act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty. | ||
| 631 | * (b) Contr{{{(i)}}}but{{{(i)}}}on of {{{(i)}}}nformal product{{{(i)}}}on {{{(i)}}}n the household [[own-use product{{{(i)}}}on>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Own-use Product{{{(i)}}}on.WebHome]] and commun{{{(i)}}}ty sector w{{{(i)}}}th{{{(i)}}}n the SNA product{{{(i)}}}on boundary to GDP. | ||
| 632 | * (c) The contr{{{(i)}}}but{{{(i)}}}on by {{{(i)}}}nformal [[employees>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]], formal [[employees>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]] carry{{{(i)}}}ng out partly {{{(i)}}}nformal product{{{(i)}}}ve act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es and persons carry{{{(i)}}}ng out {{{(i)}}}nformal (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) other than [[employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]] to the product{{{(i)}}}on by econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}ts {{{(i)}}}n the formal sector. | ||
| 633 | |||
| 634 | 138. The {{{(i)}}}nd{{{(i)}}}cators {{{(i)}}}ncluded {{{(i)}}}n th{{{(i)}}}s resolut{{{(i)}}}on are supported by the Informal Economy Ind{{{(i)}}}cator Framework, wh{{{(i)}}}ch {{{(i)}}}ncludes add{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}onal {{{(i)}}}nd{{{(i)}}}cators to further support the nat{{{(i)}}}onal product{{{(i)}}}on of {{{(i)}}}nformal{{{(i)}}}ty stat{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}cs for analys{{{(i)}}}s and use {{{(i)}}}n pol{{{(i)}}}cymak{{{(i)}}}ng. | ||
| 635 | |||
| 636 | == D{{{(i)}}}saggregat{{{(i)}}}on and analys{{{(i)}}}s == | ||
| 637 | |||
| 638 | 139. Ind{{{(i)}}}cators should be produced for the overall target populat{{{(i)}}}on and for spec{{{(i)}}}f{{{(i)}}}c categor{{{(i)}}}es of workers or econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}ts relevant to areas of pol{{{(i)}}}cy concern, such as persons w{{{(i)}}}th d{{{(i)}}}sab{{{(i)}}}l{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es, m{{{(i)}}}grant workers, home-based workers, d{{{(i)}}}g{{{(i)}}}tal platform workers, m{{{(i)}}}cro and small econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}ts or workers and econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}ts {{{(i)}}}n spec{{{(i)}}}f{{{(i)}}}c sectors. The range of {{{(i)}}}nd{{{(i)}}}cators that can be generated and degree of poss{{{(i)}}}ble d{{{(i)}}}saggregat{{{(i)}}}on w{{{(i)}}}ll depend on the sample des{{{(i)}}}gn of the data source and the stat{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}cal prec{{{(i)}}}s{{{(i)}}}on of the est{{{(i)}}}mates. | ||
| 639 | |||
| 640 | 140. When produc{{{(i)}}}ng and analys{{{(i)}}}ng these {{{(i)}}}nd{{{(i)}}}cators, part{{{(i)}}}cular attent{{{(i)}}}on should be pa{{{(i)}}}d to the gendered d{{{(i)}}}mens{{{(i)}}}ons of {{{(i)}}}nformal{{{(i)}}}ty. A h{{{(i)}}}gh demand for gender data calls for the systemat{{{(i)}}}c d{{{(i)}}}saggregat{{{(i)}}}on by sex of all {{{(i)}}}nd{{{(i)}}}cators related to persons and [[jobs>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]], and all enterpr{{{(i)}}}se-related {{{(i)}}}nd{{{(i)}}}cators related to the owner or owners of the econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}ts. Further to d{{{(i)}}}saggregat{{{(i)}}}on, the {{{(i)}}}nd{{{(i)}}}cator framework {{{(i)}}}ncludes spec{{{(i)}}}f{{{(i)}}}c gender {{{(i)}}}nd{{{(i)}}}cators, such as the gender pay gap, t{{{(i)}}}me spent on unpa{{{(i)}}}d domest{{{(i)}}}c and care (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%), and the s{{{(i)}}}tuat{{{(i)}}}on of workers {{{(i)}}}n male or female-dom{{{(i)}}}nated econom{{{(i)}}}c act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}t{{{(i)}}}es, occupat{{{(i)}}}ons or places of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%). Further gu{{{(i)}}}dance on measur{{{(i)}}}ng {{{(i)}}}nformal{{{(i)}}}ty from a gender perspect{{{(i)}}}ve {{{(i)}}}s ava{{{(i)}}}lable from the ILO through publ{{{(i)}}}shed gu{{{(i)}}}des and techn{{{(i)}}}cal support. | ||
| 641 | |||
| 642 | 141. Ind{{{(i)}}}cators related to persons and [[jobs>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Work Act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty.WebHome]] should be d{{{(i)}}}saggregated by sex and by other relevant soc{{{(i)}}}o-econom{{{(i)}}}c character{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}cs, {{{(i)}}}nclud{{{(i)}}}ng by age, educat{{{(i)}}}onal level, area of res{{{(i)}}}dence (urban or rural) and geograph{{{(i)}}}cal reg{{{(i)}}}on. Ind{{{(i)}}}cators should also be d{{{(i)}}}saggregated by [[employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]]-related character{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}cs, {{{(i)}}}nclud{{{(i)}}}ng status {{{(i)}}}n [[employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]], econom{{{(i)}}}c act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty, occupat{{{(i)}}}on, place of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%), s{{{(i)}}}ze of enterpr{{{(i)}}}se, durat{{{(i)}}}on of the [[employment>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]] agreement and number of [[hours actually worked>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Hours Actually Worked.WebHome]] (hour bands). Where sample s{{{(i)}}}ze and the representat{{{(i)}}}veness of results allow, {{{(i)}}}t {{{(i)}}}s recommended to have mult{{{(i)}}}ple levels of d{{{(i)}}}saggregat{{{(i)}}}on to h{{{(i)}}}ghl{{{(i)}}}ght {{{(i)}}}ntersect{{{(i)}}}onal{{{(i)}}}ty. The accompany{{{(i)}}}ng {{{(i)}}}nd{{{(i)}}}cator framework prov{{{(i)}}}des more gu{{{(i)}}}dance on recommended d{{{(i)}}}saggregat{{{(i)}}}on. | ||
| 643 | |||
| 644 | 142. Ind{{{(i)}}}cators related to econom{{{(i)}}}c un{{{(i)}}}ts should be d{{{(i)}}}saggregated by {{{(i)}}}ndustry of econom{{{(i)}}}c act{{{(i)}}}v{{{(i)}}}ty, s{{{(i)}}}ze of enterpr{{{(i)}}}se (number of [[employees>>doc:work{{{(i)}}}ng:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]] and bus{{{(i)}}}ness owners), level of output or sales, level of output or of value added per worker, level of prof{{{(i)}}}ts and place of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%). They should also be d{{{(i)}}}saggregated by the soc{{{(i)}}}o-demograph{{{(i)}}}c character{{{(i)}}}st{{{(i)}}}cs of the owner or owners, {{{(i)}}}nclud{{{(i)}}}ng sex, age, educat{{{(i)}}}onal level, area of res{{{(i)}}}dence (urban or rural) and geograph{{{(i)}}}cal reg{{{(i)}}}on, as relevant {{{(i)}}}n the country. The accompany{{{(i)}}}ng {{{(i)}}}nd{{{(i)}}}cator framework prov{{{(i)}}}des more gu{{{(i)}}}dance on recommended d{{{(i)}}}saggregat{{{(i)}}}on. | ||
| 645 | |||
| 646 | ---- | ||
| 647 | |||
| 648 | {{putFootnotes/}} |