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4
5 Recalling the resolution concerning statistics of occupational injuries adopted by the Thirteenth International Conference of Labour Statisticians (1982),
6
7 Recalling the Code of practice on the recording and notification of occupational accidents and diseases, approved by the Governing Body of the ILO at its 261st Session (November 1994),
8
9 Observing that the existing international standards on statistics of occupational injuries do not provide adequate guidance on the measurement and classification of occupational injuries,
10
11 Recognizing that statistics of occupational injuries should form part of a broad programme of statistics of occupational safety and health,
12
13 Recognizing that statistics of occupational injuries are essential for effective programmes for the prevention of occupational accidents, and for their monitoring,
14
15 Recognizing further that international guidelines on the measurement and classification of occupational injuries will promote the development of these statistics along sound lines and improve their international comparability;
16
17 Adopts this fifteenth day of October 1998 the following resolution:
18
19 = General objectives and uses =
20
21 Each country should aim to develop a comprehensive programme of statistics on occupational safety and health, including occupational diseases and occupational injuries. The objective of this programme would be to provide an adequate statistical base for the various users, taking into account the specific national needs and circumstances. One of the major components of the programme should comprise statistics on occupational injuries, which should be based on a range of sources of information, and which may be used in conjunction with other appropriate economic and social indicators.
22
23 This resolution aims to set out standards of good practice for the collection and presentation of statistics of occupational injuries as guidance for countries wishing to revise their existing statistical systems in this field, or establish new ones. Its provisions should not undermine any existing national systems, nor should they lead to duplication of effort.
24
25 The principal objective of the statistics is to provide comprehensive and timely information on occupational injuries for prevention purposes. The statistics may be used for a number of purposes, such as:
26
27 * (a) to identify the occupations and economic activities where occupational injuries occur, along with their extent, severity and the way in which they occur, as a basis for planning preventive measures;
28 * (b) to set priorities for preventive efforts;
29 * (c) to detect changes in the pattern and occurrence of occupational injuries, so as to monitor improvements in safety and reveal any new areas of risk;
30 * (d) to inform employers, employers’ organizations, workers and workers’ organizations of the risks associated with their (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) and workplaces, so that they can take an active part in their own safety;
31 * (e) to evaluate the effectiveness of preventive measures;
32 * (f) to estimate the consequences of occupational injuries, particularly in terms of days lost or costs;
33 * to provide a basis for policy-making aimed at encouraging employers, employers’ organizations, workers and workers’ organizations to introduce accident prevention measures; (h) to assist in developing training material and programmes for accident prevention; to provide a basis for identifying possible areas for future research.
34
35 4. The major users of the statistics, including the representative organizations of employers and workers, should be consulted when the concepts, definitions and methodology for the collection, compilation and dissemination of the statistics are designed or revised, with a view to taking into account their needs and obtaining their cooperation.
36
37 = Terms and definitions =
38
39 5. For the purposes of statistics of occupational injuries, the following terms and definitions are used:
40
41 * //occupational accident//: an unexpected and unplanned occurrence, including acts of violence, arising out of or in connection with (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) which results in one or more workers incurring a personal injury, disease or death; as occupational accidents are to be considered travel, transport or road traffic accidents in which workers are injured and which arise out of or in the course of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%), i.e. while engaged in an economic activity, or at (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%), or carrying on the business of the employer;
42 * //commuting accident//: an accident occurring on the habitual route, in either direction, between the place of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) or (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%)-related training and:
43 * the worker’s principal or secondary residence;
44 * the place where the worker usually takes his or her meals; or (iii) the place where he or she usually receives his or her remuneration; which results in death or personal injury;
45 * //occupational injury//: any personal injury, disease or death resulting from an occupational accident; an occupational injury is therefore distinct from an occupational disease, which is a disease contracted as a result of an exposure over a period of time to risk factors arising from (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) activity;
46 * //case of occupational injury//: the case of one worker incurring an occupational injury as a result of one occupational accident;
47 * //incapacity for (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work//(%%): inability of the victim, due to an occupational injury, to perform the normal duties of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) in the [[job>>doc:working:Glossary.Work Activity.WebHome]] or post occupied at the time of the occupational accident.
48
49 = Coverage =
50
51 The various sources of statistics should, where practical, cover all occupational injuries, as defined in paragraph 5, including non-fatal injuries causing an absence from (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) of at least one day, excluding the day of the accident, and fatal injuries. Where it is practical and considered relevant to include injuries resulting from commuting accidents, the information relating to them should be compiled and disseminated separately.
52
53 Where practical, the statistics should cover all workers regardless of their status in [[employment>>doc:working:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]] (for example, [[employee>>doc:working:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]], employer and own-account worker). The coverage should include child workers,[[(% class="wikiinternallink wikiinternallink wikiinternallink wikiinternallink wikiinternallink" %)^^~[1~]^^>>path:#_ftn1]](%%) [[informal sector>>doc:working:Glossary.Informal sector.WebHome]] workers and homeworkers, where they exist.
54
55 The statistics should in principle cover the whole country, all branches of economic activity and all sectors of the economy. A case of occupational injury occurring while a worker is outside the country of normal residence should be included in the statistics of the country within whose jurisdiction the accident took place.
56
57 = Types of data =
58
59 9. Countries should aim to collect the following types of information regarding cases of occupational injury:
60
61 * information about the enterprise, establishment or local unit:
62 * location;
63 * economic activity; (iii) size (number of workers);
64 * information about the person injured:
65 * sex;
66 * age;
67 * occupation; (iv) status in [[employment>>doc:working:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]];
68 * (c) information about the injury:
69 * whether fatal or non-fatal;
70 * type of injury;
71 * part of body injured;
72 * (d) information about the accident and its circumstances:
73 * type of location of the accident: //such as the usual workplace, another place within the establishment, outside the premises of the establishment//;
74 * date and time of the accident;
75 * mode of injury: //how the person was injured by a physical contact with an item or object which caused the injury or was psychologically affected by an event; if there are several injuries, the mode of the most serious injury should be recorded//;
76 * material agency of injury: //the item, agent, object or product associated with the injury, i.e.//
77 * //the physical tool, object, element, etc. with which the victim came into contact and was injured by; if there are several injuries, the material agency associated with the most serious injury should be recorded.//
78
79 10. The programme of statistics can include studies to assess the value of further information as, for example, given below. Countries which thus find this or other information useful could continue to develop their programme of statistics further, especially for more serious cases of occupational injuries and fatalities.
80
81 * (a)        information about the injury:
82 * incapacity for (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) expressed in calendar days of absence from (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%); (b) information about the accident and its circumstances:
83 * shift, start time of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) of the injured person and hours (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)worked(%%) in the activity when the accident occurred;
84 * the total number of workers injured in the accident;
85 * place of occurrence: //the type of place where the accident occurred, such as a production or construction area, trade or service area, farm, street or highway//;
86 * (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) process in which the injured person was engaged when the accident occurred: //the main type or kind of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) being carried out by the victim during the period up to the accident (this is a subset of the tasks covered by the occupation of the victim), such as setting up machines, cleaning of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)working(%%) area, teaching//;
87 * specific activity of the injured person at the time of the accident: //the activity actually being carried out by the victim when the accident occurred; the duration of the activity may range from very short to long; it may or may not be associated with an item or object, such as feeding the machine, operating transport equipment, carrying loads//;
88 * material agency associated with the specific activity of the injured person: //the tool, object, element, product, etc., used by the victim in the specific activity when the accident happened (this may not necessarily be implicated in the accident), such as floors, doors, hand tools, mobile cranes;//
89 * deviation which resulted in the accident: //what occurred in an abnormal way, deviating from the normal way of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)working(%%) or the normal process, i.e. what went wrong, the event leading to the accident, such as breakage, loss of control of machine, fall of person, aggression; if there are several interlinked or successive events, the last one should be recorded;//
90 * material agency associated with the deviation: //the tool, object, element, product, etc. linked with what occurred in an abnormal way, such as floors, doors, hand tools, mobile cranes.//
91
92 ~11. Where injuries due to commuting accidents are covered, information corresponding to that provided for in paragraph 9 should be collected, as well as the following:
93
94 * place of accident;
95 * the injured person’s mode of transport;
96 * the injured person’s transport role;
97 * the mode of transport of the counterpart (if any).
98
99 = Measurement =
100
101 == //Occupational injury// ==
102
103 The unit of observation should be the //case of occupational injury//, i.e. the case of one worker incurring an occupational injury as a result of one occupational accident. If a person is injured in more than one occupational accident during the reference period, each case of injury to that person should be counted separately. Recurrent absences due to an injury resulting from a single occupational accident should be treated as the continuation of the same case of occupational injury, not as new cases. Where more than one person is injured in a single accident, each case of occupational injury should be counted separately.
104
105 == //Fatal occupational injury// ==
106
107 For measurement purposes, a fatal occupational injury is an occupational injury leading to death within one year of the day of the occupational accident.
108
109 == //Time lost due to occupational injuries// ==
110
111 Time lost should be measured separately for each case of occupational injury leading to temporary incapacity for (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) of a maximum of one year. In order to assess the severity of the injury, time lost should be measured in terms of the number of calendar days during which the injured person is temporarily incapacitated, based on the information available at the time the statistics are compiled. If it is measured in workdays, attempts should be made to assess the total number of calendar days lost.
112
113 The time lost should be measured inclusively from the day after the day of the accident, to the day prior to the day of return to (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%). In the case of recurrent absences due to a single case of occupational injury, each period of absence should be measured as above, and the resulting number of days lost for each period summed to arrive at the total for the case of injury. Temporary absences from (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) of less than one day for medical treatment should not be included in time lost.
114
115 The time lost as a result of permanent incapacity for (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) or fatal occupational injuries may also be estimated. In these cases, the data should be compiled and disseminated separately from data relating to temporary incapacity for (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%).
116
117 = Reference period and periodicity =
118
119 For a given reference period, the statistics should relate to the number of cases of occupational injury occurring during the period and the total time lost as a result of those cases of injury. Cases of fatal injury should be included in the statistics for the reference period during which the occupational accident occurred.
120
121 The statistics should be compiled at least once a year for a reference period of not more than a year. Where seasonal trends may be considered to be important, the statistics may be compiled more frequently, using [[shorter reference periods>>doc:working:Glossary.Short Reference Period.WebHome]], such as a month or a quarter.
122
123 = Comparative measures =
124
125 19. In order to permit meaningful comparisons of the statistics, for example between different periods, economic activities, regions and countries, account needs to be taken of the differences in [[employment>>doc:working:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]] size, changes in the number of workers in the reference group, as well as in the hours (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)worked(%%) by those in the reference group. A number of rates which take into account these differences may be calculated, including the following measures, which are among those most useful for comparing information at both the national and international levels. The term “workers in the reference group” refers to those workers in the particular group under consideration and covered by the source of the statistics of occupational injuries (for example those of a specific sex or in a specific economic activity, occupation, region, age group, or any combination of these, or those covered by a particular insurance scheme).
126
127 For each of the measures below, the numerator and the denominator should have the same coverage. For example, if self-[[employed persons>>doc:working:Glossary.Persons in Employment.WebHome]] are covered in the statistics of occupational injuries they should also be covered in the denominator.
128
129 The frequency rate of new cases of occupational injury: Number of new cases of occupational injury during the reference period x 1,000,000
130
131 Total number of hours (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)worked(%%) by workers in the reference group during the reference period
132
133 This may be calculated separately for fatal and non-fatal occupational injuries. Ideally, the denominator should be the number of [[hours actually worked>>doc:working:Glossary.Hours Actually Worked.WebHome]] by workers in the reference group. If this is not possible, it may be calculated on the basis of normal hours of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%), taking into account entitlements to periods of paid absence from (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%), such as paid vacations, paid sick leave and public holidays.
134
135 The incidence rate of new cases of occupational injury: Number of new cases of occupational injury during the reference period x 1,000
136
137 Total number of workers in the reference group during the reference period
138
139 This may be calculated separately for fatal and non-fatal injuries. The number of workers in the reference group should be the average for the reference period. In calculating the average, account should be taken of the hours normally (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)worked(%%) by those persons. The number of those (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)working(%%) part time should be converted to full-time equivalents. (c) The severity rate of new cases of occupational injury:
140
141 Number of days lost as a result of new cases of
142
143 occupational injury during the reference period x 1,000,000
144
145 Total amount of time (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)worked(%%) by workers in the reference group during the reference period
146
147 This should be calculated only for temporary incapacity for (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%). The amount of time (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)worked(%%) by workers in the reference group should preferably be measured in hours (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)worked(%%).
148
149 (d)   Days lost per new case of occupational injury:
150
151 Median or mean of the number of days lost for each new case of occupational injury during the reference period.
152
153 All the measures may be calculated according to economic activity, occupation, age group, etc., or any combination of these.
154
155 = Dissemination =
156
157 The statistics of occupational injuries that are compiled should be disseminated regularly, at least once a year; preliminary figures should be released no later than one year after the end of each reference period. The disseminated data should include time series, as well as the data for the most recent reference period. Any revisions to figures released in the past should be clearly indicated in newly disseminated data.
158
159 Detailed descriptions of the sources, concepts, definitions and methodology used in collecting and compiling the statistics on occupational injuries should be:
160
161 * produced and updated to reflect significant changes;
162 * disseminated by the competent body;
163 * communicated to the ILO.
164
165 In order to promote the comparability of the statistics among countries whose national statistical practices do not conform closely to the international standards, the disseminated data should be accompanied by an explanation of any divergences from those standards.
166
167 Dissemination may take the form of printed publications, electronic data sets, etc. Where possible, the relevant competent authority should make data available on the Internet, so as to facilitate analysis by users throughout the world. The statistics should be disseminated in such a way that the disclosure of any information relating to an individual statistical unit, such as a person, household, an establishment or an enterprise is not possible, unless prior permission has been obtained from the individual units concerned.
168
169 Each year, countries should communicate to the ILO the statistics on occupational injuries (not including individual cases) requested for dissemination by the ILO in its //Yearbook of Labour Statistics// and other forms.
170
171 = Sources of data =
172
173 In compiling statistics of occupational injuries, various sources of information should be used in order to provide as full a picture as possible of the situation at a given point in time and to give an estimate of any under-reporting which may occur. For example, consideration could be given to periodically supplementing the information available from systems for the notification of compensation of occupational injuries by adding brief modules of questions to existing survey questionnaires, such as those used for establishment surveys for [[employment>>doc:working:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]] and [[wages>>doc:working:Glossary.Earnings.WebHome]], and for [[labour force>>doc:working:Glossary.Labour Force.WebHome]] surveys. In addition, the feasibility of developing new sources should be examined.
174
175 Where data from different sources are used together, attempts should be made to ensure that the concepts, definitions, coverage and classifications used by the different sources are consistent. To this end, it would be useful to establish a coordinating committee at the national level, comprising representatives of government, other producers of statistics on occupational injuries, and employers’ and workers’ organizations. In addition, efforts should be made to harmonize the statistics compiled from different sources and by different bodies.
176
177 = Classification =
178
179 27. The data should be classified at least according to major branch of economic activity and as far as possible according to other significant characteristics of persons injured, of enterprises or establishments, of occupational injuries and of occupational accidents for which information is collected in accordance with paragraph 9. Countries should attempt to use classifications that are either comparable with or can be related to the most recent versions of the relevant international classifications, where these exist. Annexes A to F provide the most recent versions of the international classifications below, up to the second level, where available. It may however be desirable, for accident prevention purposes, for countries to classify their data at a greater level of detail.
180
181 //International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities// (ISIC), Revision 3 (1990).
182
183 Classification according to [[employment>>doc:working:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]] size of establishments, as in the// International Recommendations for Industrial Statistics, //Rev. 1 (1983).
184
185 //International Standard Classification of Occupations, ISCO-88.//
186
187 //International Classification of Status in [[Employment>>doc:working:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]], ICSE-93.//
188
189 Type of injury, from the //International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, ICD-10 (//1992).
190
191 Part of body injured, from the// International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, ICD-10 (//1992).
192
193 The ILO should develop and disseminate classifications to replace or supplement the existing schemes adopted by the Tenth ICLS in 1962 for the variables listed below:
194
195 type of location of the accident;
196
197 mode of injury;
198
199 material agency of injury.
200
201 28. The ILO should develop and disseminate classifications to replace or supplement the existing schemes adopted by the Tenth ICLS in 1962, for variables such as those given below. Furthermore, the ILO should encourage and help countries to develop their own classifications to give further information which they can use for their purposes. For occupational injuries:
202
203 * place of occurrence;
204 * (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) process;
205 * specific activity;
206 * deviation;
207 * material agency associated with the specific activity or the deviation. For injuries due to commuting accidents:
208 * place of accident;
209 * injured person’s mode of transport;
210 * injured person’s transport role; • mode of transport of counterpart.
211
212 = Further action =
213
214 The ILO should prepare a manual to provide technical guidance on the contents of this resolution. This manual should also cover the collection of information on occupational injuries in the [[informal sector>>doc:working:Glossary.Informal sector.WebHome]] and among child workers, the collection of information through household surveys and establishment surveys, the estimation of under-reporting and of costs of occupational injuries, the classifications to be developed as recommended in paragraphs 27 and 28, and how they should be applied, as well as the establishment of a mapping between ICD-10 and the classifications in Annexes E and F. It should also cooperate, as far as possible, with countries in the development of statistics of occupational injuries by providing technical assistance and training.
215
216 Other areas for future (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) by the ILO include:
217
218 (a) developing standards for statistics of occupational diseases; and (b) making worldwide estimates of the number of fatal occupational injuries.
219
220 Annex A
221
222 Classification of economic activities
223
224 = International S tandard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities, Revision 3[[(% class="wikiinternallink wikiinternallink wikiinternallink wikiinternallink wikiinternallink" %)^^~[2~]^^>>path:#_ftn2]](%%)(tabulation categories and divisions) =
225
226 **Code         Designation**
227
228 **A              Agriculture, hunting and forestry**
229
230 Agriculture, hunting and related service activities
231
232 Forestry, logging and related activities
233
234 **B               Fishing**
235
236 05           Fishing, operation of fish hatcheries and fish farms; service activities incidental to fishing
237
238 **C              Mining and quarrying**
239
240 Mining of coal and lignite; extraction of peat
241
242 Extraction of crude petroleum and natural gas; service activities incidental to oil and gas extraction, excluding surveying
243
244 Mining of uranium and thorium ores
245
246 Mining of metal ores
247
248 Other mining and quarrying
249
250 **D              Manufacturing**
251
252 Manufacture of food products and beverages
253
254 Manufacture of tobacco products
255
256 Manufacture of textiles
257
258 Manufacture of wearing apparel; dressing and dyeing of fur
259
260 Tanning and dressing of leather; manufacture of luggage, handbags, saddlery, harness and footwear
261
262 Manufacture of wood and of products of wood and cork, except furniture; manufacture of articles of straw and plaiting materials
263
264 Manufacture of paper and paper products
265
266 Publishing, printing and reproduction of recorded media
267
268 Manufacture of coke, refined petroleum products and nuclear fuel
269
270 Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products
271
272 Manufacture of rubber and plastics products
273
274 Manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products
275
276 Manufacture of basic metals
277
278 Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
279
280 Manufacture of machinery and equipment not elsewhere classified
281
282 Manufacture of office, accounting and computing machinery
283
284 Manufacture of electrical machinery and apparatus not elsewhere classified
285
286 Manufacture of radio, television and communications equipment and apparatus
287
288 Manufacture of medical, precision and optical instruments, watches and clocks
289
290 Manufacture of motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers
291
292 Manufacture of other transport equipment
293
294 Manufacture of furniture; manufacturing, not elsewhere classified
295
296 Recycling
297
298 **E               Electricity, gas and water supply**
299
300 Electricity, gas, steam and hot-water supply
301
302 Collection, purification and distribution of water
303
304 **Construction **45 Construction
305
306 **Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles, motorcycles and personal and household goods**
307
308 Sale, maintenance and repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles; retail sale of automotive fuel
309
310 Wholesale trade and commission trade, except of motor vehicles and motorcycles
311
312 Retail trade, except of motor vehicles and motorcycles; repair of personal and household goods
313
314 **H               Hotels and restaurants**
315
316 55             Hotels and restaurants
317
318 **I                Transport, storage and communications**
319
320 Land transport; transport via pipelines
321
322 Water transport
323
324 Air transport
325
326 Supporting and auxiliary transport activities; activities of travel agencies
327
328 Post and telecommunications
329
330 **J               Financial intermediation**
331
332 Financial intermediation, except insurance and pension funding
333
334 Insurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security
335
336 Activities auxiliary to financial intermediation
337
338 **K               Real estate, renting and business activities**
339
340 Real estate activities
341
342 Renting of machinery and equipment without operator and of personal and household goods
343
344 Computer and related activities
345
346 Research and development
347
348 Other business activities
349
350 **Public administration and defence; compulsory social security **75 Public administration and defence; compulsory social security
351
352 **Education **80 Education
353
354 **Health and social (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) **85 Health and social (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work
355
356 **Other community, social and personal service activities**
357
358 Sewage and refuse disposal, sanitation and similar activities
359
360 Activities of membership organizations, not elsewhere classified
361
362 Recreational, cultural and sporting activities 93 Other service activities
363
364 **Private households with [[employed persons>>doc:working:Glossary.Persons in Employment.WebHome]] **95 Private households with [[employed persons>>doc:working:Glossary.Persons in Employment.WebHome]]
365
366 **Extra-territorial organizations and bodies**
367
368 99            Extra-territorial organizations and bodies
369
370 Annex B
371
372 = Classification according to size of enterprise, establishment or local unit =
373
374 The following size classes, expressed in terms of the average number of persons engaged in the enterprise, establishment or local unit are based on those recommended for international comparisons in the 1983 World Programme of Industrial Statistics.[[(% class="wikiinternallink wikiinternallink wikiinternallink wikiinternallink wikiinternallink" %)^^~[3~]^^>>path:#_ftn3]](%%) For national purposes, ranges should be established according to each country’s circumstances and needs.
375
376 **Code         Designation**
377
378 1 to 4 persons engaged
379
380 5 to 9 persons engaged
381
382 10 to 19 persons engaged
383
384 20 to 49 persons engaged
385
386 50 to 99 persons engaged
387
388 100 to 149 persons engaged
389
390 150 to 199 persons engaged
391
392 200 to 249 persons engaged
393
394 250 to 499 persons engaged
395
396 500 to 999 persons engaged
397
398 1,000 or more persons engaged
399
400 Z               Size unknown
401
402 Annex C
403
404 Classification of occupations
405
406 International S tandard Classification of Occupations, IS CO-88[[(% class="wikiinternallink wikiinternallink wikiinternallink wikiinternallink wikiinternallink" %)^^~[4~]^^>>path:#_ftn4]](%%) (major groups and sub-major groups)
407
408 **Code         Designation**
409
410 **1                Legislators, senior officials and managers**
411
412 Legislators and senior officials
413
414 Corporate managers[[(% class="wikiinternallink wikiinternallink wikiinternallink wikiinternallink wikiinternallink" %)^^~[5~]^^>>path:#_ftn5]]
415
416 General managers[[(% class="wikiinternallink wikiinternallink wikiinternallink wikiinternallink wikiinternallink" %)^^~[6~]^^>>path:#_ftn6]]
417
418 **2                Professionals**
419
420 Physical, mathematical and engineering science professionals
421
422 Life science and health professionals
423
424 Teaching professionals
425
426 Other professionals
427
428 **3                Technicians and associate professionals**
429
430 Physical and engineering science associate professionals
431
432 Life science and health associate professionals
433
434 Teaching associate professionals 34 Other associate professionals
435
436 **4               Clerks**
437
438 Office clerks
439
440 Customer services clerks
441
442 **5                Service workers and shop and market sales workers**
443
444 Personal and protective services workers
445
446 Models, salespersons and demonstrators
447
448 **6               Skilled agricultural and fishery workers**
449
450 Market-oriented skilled agricultural and fishery workers
451
452 Subsistence agricultural and fishery workers
453
454 **7                Craft and related trades workers**
455
456 Extraction and building trades workers
457
458 Metal, machinery and related trades workers
459
460 Precision, handicraft, printing and related trades workers
461
462 Other craft and related trades workers
463
464 **8               Plant and machine operators and assemblers**
465
466 Stationary plant and related operators
467
468 Machinery operators and assemblers
469
470 Drivers and mobile plant operators
471
472 **9               Elementary occupations**
473
474 Sales and services elementary occupations
475
476 Agricultural, fishery and related labourers
477
478 Labourers in mining, construction, manufacturing and transport
479
480 **0                Armed forces**
481
482 01             Armed forces
483
484 Annex D
485
486 Classification according to status in [[employment>>doc:working:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]]
487
488 = International Classification of Status in Employment, ICS E-93[[(% class="wikiinternallink wikiinternallink wikiinternallink wikiinternallink wikiinternallink" %)^^~[7~]^^>>path:#_ftn7]](%%) =
489
490 The following text is an extract from the resolution concerning the International Classification of Status in [[Employment>>doc:working:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]] (ICSE) adopted by the Fifteenth International Conference of Labour Statisticians (Geneva, 1993):
491
492 **II.  The ICSE-93 groups **[[(% class="wikiinternallink wikiinternallink wikiinternallink wikiinternallink wikiinternallink" %)^^~[8~]^^>>path:#_ftn8]]
493
494 4.       The ICSE-93 consists of the following groups, which are defined in section III:
495
496 * [[employees>>doc:working:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]];
497 * among whom countries may need and be able to distinguish “[[employees>>doc:working:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]] with stable contracts” (including “regular [[employees>>doc:working:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]]”);
498 * employers;
499 * own-account workers;
500 * members of producers’ cooperatives;
501 * contributing family workers; 6. workers not classifiable by status.
502
503 **III. Group definitions**
504
505 The groups in the ICSE-93 are defined with reference to the distinction between “paid [[employment>>doc:working:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]]” [[jobs>>doc:working:Glossary.Work Activity.WebHome]] on the one side and “selfemployment” [[jobs>>doc:working:Glossary.Work Activity.WebHome]] on the other. Groups are defined with reference to one or more aspects of the economic risk and/or the type of authority which the explicit or implicit [[employment>>doc:working:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]] contract gives the incumbents or to which it subjects them.
506
507 Paid [[employment>>doc:working:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]] [[jobs>>doc:working:Glossary.Work Activity.WebHome]] are those [[jobs>>doc:working:Glossary.Work Activity.WebHome]] where the incumbents hold explicit (written or oral) or implicit [[employment>>doc:working:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]] contracts which give them a basic remuneration which is not directly dependent upon the revenue of the unit for which they (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) (this unit can be a corporation, a non-profit institution, a government unit or a household). Some or all of the tools, capital equipment, information systems and/or premises used by the incumbents may be owned by others, and the incumbents may (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) under direct supervision of, or according to strict guidelines set by the owner(s) or persons in the owner’s [[employment>>doc:working:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]]. (Persons in “paid [[employment>>doc:working:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]] [[jobs>>doc:working:Glossary.Work Activity.WebHome]]” are typically remunerated by [[wages>>doc:working:Glossary.Earnings.WebHome]] and [[salaries>>doc:working:Glossary.Earnings.WebHome]], but may be paid by commission from sales, by piece-rates, bonuses or in-kind payments such as food, housing or training.)
508
509 Self-[[employment>>doc:working:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]] [[jobs>>doc:working:Glossary.Work Activity.WebHome]] are those [[jobs>>doc:working:Glossary.Work Activity.WebHome]] where the remuneration is directly dependent upon the profits (or the potential for profits) derived from the goods and services produced (where own consumption is considered to be part of profits). The incumbents make the operational decisions affecting the enterprise, or delegate such decisions while retaining responsibility for the welfare of the enterprise. (In this context, “enterprise” includes one-person operations.)
510
511 ~1. [[Employees>>doc:working:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]] are all those workers who hold the type of [[job>>doc:working:Glossary.Work Activity.WebHome]] defined as “paid [[employment>>doc:working:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]] [[jobs>>doc:working:Glossary.Work Activity.WebHome]]” (cf. paragraph 6). [[Employees>>doc:working:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]] with stable contracts are those “[[employees>>doc:working:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]]” who have had, and continue to have, an explicit (written or oral) or implicit contract of [[employment>>doc:working:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]], or a succession of such contracts, with the same employer on a continuous basis. “On a continuous basis” implies a period of [[employment>>doc:working:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]] which is longer than a specified minimum determined according to national circumstances. (If interruptions are allowed in this minimum period, their maximum duration should also be determined according to national circumstances.) Regular [[employees>>doc:working:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]] are those “[[employees>>doc:working:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]] with stable contracts” for whom the [[employing>>doc:working:Glossary.Persons in Employment.WebHome]] organization is responsible for payment of relevant taxes and social security contributions and/or where the contractual relationship is subject to national labour legislation.
512
513 2. Employers are those workers who, (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)working(%%) on their own account or with one or a few partners, hold the type of [[job>>doc:working:Glossary.Work Activity.WebHome]] defined as a “self-[[employment>>doc:working:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]] [[job>>doc:working:Glossary.Work Activity.WebHome]]” (cf. paragraph 7) and, in this capacity, on a continuous basis (including the reference period) have engaged one or more persons to (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) for them in their business as “[[employee>>doc:working:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]](s)” (cf. paragraph 8). The meaning of “engage on continuous basis” is to be determined by national circumstances, in a way which is consistent with the definition of “[[employees>>doc:working:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]] with stable contracts” (cf. paragraph 8). (The partners may or may not be members of the same family or household.)
514
515 3. Own-account workers are those workers who, (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)working(%%) on their own account or with one or more partners, hold the type of [[job>>doc:working:Glossary.Work Activity.WebHome]] defined as a “self-[[employment>>doc:working:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]] [[job>>doc:working:Glossary.Work Activity.WebHome]]” (cf. paragraph 7), and have not engaged on a continuous basis any “[[employees>>doc:working:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]]” (cf. paragraph 8) to (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) for them during the reference period. It should be noted that, during the reference period, the members of this group may have engaged “[[employees>>doc:working:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]]”, provided that this is on a non-continuous basis. (The partners may or may not be members of the same family or household.)
516
517 4. Members of producers’ cooperatives are workers who hold “self-[[employment>>doc:working:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]]” [[jobs>>doc:working:Glossary.Work Activity.WebHome]] (cf. paragraph 7) in a cooperative producing goods and services, in which each member takes part on an equal footing with other members in determining the organization of production, sales and/or other (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) of the establishment, the investments and the distribution of the proceeds of the establishment amongst their members. (It should be noted that “[[employees>>doc:working:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]]” (cf. paragraph 8) of producers’ cooperatives are not to be classified to this group.)
518
519 5. Contributing family workers are those workers who hold “self-[[employment>>doc:working:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]]” [[jobs>>doc:working:Glossary.Work Activity.WebHome]] (cf. paragraph 7) in a market-oriented establishment operated by a related person living in the same household, who cannot be regarded as partners, because their degree of commitment to the operation of the establishment, in terms of [[working time>>doc:working:Glossary.Working Time.WebHome]] or other factors to be determined by national circumstances, is not at a level comparable to that of the head of the establishment. (Where it is customary for young persons, in particular, to (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) without pay in an economic enterprise operated by a related person who does not live in the same household, the requirement of “living in the same household” may be eliminated.)
520
521 6. Workers not classifiable by status include those for whom insufficient relevant information is available, and/or who cannot be included in any of the preceding categories.
522
523 = Annex E =
524
525 == Classification according to type of injury ==
526
527 The following classification is based on the //International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems//, ICD-10.[[(% class="wikiinternallink wikiinternallink wikiinternallink wikiinternallink wikiinternallink" %)^^~[9~]^^>>path:#_ftn9]](%%) The most serious injury or disease sustained or suffered by the victim should be classified. Where several injuries have been incurred, the most serious one should be classified. The coding given below does not correspond to that given in ICD-10, due to differences in structure.
528
529 **Code          Designation**
530
531 **Superficial injuries and open wounds**
532
533 Superficial injuries (including abrasions, blisters (non-thermal), contusions, puncture wounds (without major open wounds), insect bites (non-venomous)
534
535 Open wounds (including cuts, lacerations, puncture wounds (with penetrating foreign body), animal bites)
536
537 **Fractures**
538
539 Closed fractures
540
541 Open fractures
542
543 Other fractures (dislocated, displaced)
544
545 **Dislocations, sprains and strains**
546
547 (Including avulsions, lacerations, sprains, strains, traumatic haemarthroses, ruptures, subluxations and tears of joints and ligaments)
548
549 Dislocations and subluxations
550
551 Sprains and strains
552
553 **Traumatic amputations**
554
555 (Including traumatic enucleation of the eye)
556
557 **Concussion and internal injuries**
558
559 (Including blast injuries, bruises, concussion, crushing, lacerations, traumatic haematoma, punctures, ruptures and tears of internal organs)
560
561 **Burns, corrosions, scalds and frostbite**
562
563 Burns (thermal) (including from electrical heating appliances, electricity, flames, friction, hot air and hot gases, hot objects, lightning, radiation)
564
565 Chemical burns (corrosions)
566
567 Scalds
568
569 Frostbite
570
571 **Acute poisonings and infections**
572
573 Acute poisonings (acute effects of the injection, ingestion, absorption or inhalation of toxic, corrosive or caustic substances; including toxic effects of contact with venomous animals)
574
575 Infections (including intestinal infectious diseases, specified zoonoses, protozoal diseases, viral diseases, mycoses)
576
577 **Other specified types of injury**
578
579 Effects of radiation
580
581 Effects of heat and light
582
583 Hypothermia
584
585 Effects of air pressure and water pressure
586
587 Asphyxiation
588
589 Effects of maltreatment (including physical abuse, psychological abuse)
590
591 Effects of lightning (shock from lightning, struck by lightning not otherwise specified)
592
593 Drowning and non-fatal submersion
594
595 Effects of noise and vibration (including acute hearing loss)
596
597 Effects of electric current (electrocution, shock from electric current)
598
599 8.19          Other specified injuries
600
601 **10              Type of injury, unspecified**
602
603 Annex F
604
605 == Classification according to the part of body injured ==
606
607 The following classification is based on the //International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related//
608
609 //Health Problems//, ICD-10.[[(% class="wikiinternallink wikiinternallink wikiinternallink wikiinternallink wikiinternallink" %)^^~[10~]^^>>path:#_ftn10]](%%) The groups relating to multiple locations should be used only to classify cases where the victim suffers from several injuries to different parts of the body and no injury is obviously more severe than the others. In order to designate the side of the body injured, a further digit may be added to the code for the part of body injured, where relevant, as follows:
610
611 1:       right side
612
613 2:      left side
614
615 3:       both sides
616
617 The coding given below does not correspond to that given in the ICD-10, due to differences in structure.
618
619 **Code          Designation**
620
621 **Head**
622
623 Scalp, skull, brain and cranial nerves and vessels
624
625 Ear(s)
626
627 Eye(s)
628
629 Tooth, teeth
630
631 Other specified parts of facial area
632
633 Head, multiple sites affected
634
635 Head, other specified parts not elsewhere classified 1.9       Head, unspecified
636
637 **Neck, including spine and vertebrae in the neck **2.1 Spine and vertebrae
638
639 2.8              Neck, other specified parts not elsewhere classified 2.9       Neck, unspecified
640
641 **Back, including spine and vertebrae in the back**
642
643 Spine and vertebrae
644
645
646 Back, other specified parts not elsewhere classified
647
648 Back, unspecified
649
650 **Trunk and internal organs**
651
652 Rib cage (ribs including sternum and shoulder blades)
653
654 Other parts of thorax, including internal organs
655
656 Pelvic and abdominal area, including internal organs
657
658 External genitalia
659
660 Trunk, multiple sites affected
661
662 Trunk, other specified parts not elsewhere classified
663
664 Trunk and internal organs, unspecified
665
666 **Upper extremities**
667
668 Shoulder and shoulder joints
669
670 Arm, including elbow
671
672 Wrist
673
674 Hand
675
676 Thumb
677
678 Other finger(s)
679
680 Upper extremities, multiple sites affected
681
682 Upper extremities, other specified parts not elsewhere classified
683
684 Upper extremities, unspecified
685
686 **Lower extremities**
687
688 Hip and hip joint
689
690 Leg, including knee
691
692 Ankle
693
694 Foot
695
696 Toe(s)
697
698 Lower extremities, multiple sites affected
699
700 Lower extremities, other specified parts not elsewhere classified
701
702 Lower extremities, unspecified
703
704 **Whole body and multiple sites**
705
706 Systemic effect (for example, from poisoning or infection)
707
708 7.8 Multiple sites of the body affected **9 Other parts of body injured**
709
710 **10              Part of body injured, unspecified**
711
712 ----
713
714 [[~[2~]>>path:#_ftnref2]] For full details, see United Nations, Statistical Papers, Series M, No. 4, Rev. 3 (New York, UN doc. ST/ESA/STAT/SER.M/4/Rev. 3, 1990).
715
716 [[~[3~]>>path:#_ftnref3]] For full details, see United Nations~:// International Recommendations for Industrial Statistics//, Statistical Papers, Series M, No. 48, Rev. 1 (New York, UN doc. ST/ESA/STAT/SER.M/48/Rev. 1, 1983).
717
718 [[~[4~]>>path:#_ftnref4]] For full details, see ILO //International Standard Classification of Occupations//: ISCO-88 (Geneva, 1990).
719
720 [[~[5~]>>path:#_ftnref5]] This sub-major group is intended to include persons who — as directors, chief executives or department managers — manage enterprises requiring a total of three or more managers.
721
722 [[~[6~]>>path:#_ftnref6]] This sub-major group is intended to include persons who manage enterprises on their own behalf, or on behalf of the proprietor, with some non-managerial help and assistance of no more than one other manager.
723
724 [[~[7~]>>path:#_ftnref7]] For full details, see ILO, //Report of the Conference//, Fifteenth International Conference of Labour Statisticians (Geneva, 19-28 Jan. 1993), (Geneva, doc. ICLS/15/D.6(Rev. 1), 1993).
725
726 [[~[8~]>>path:#_ftnref8]] For linguistic convenience the group titles and definitions have been formulated in a way which corresponds to the situation where each person holds only one job during the reference period. Rules for classifying persons with two or more jobs are given in section V.
727
728 [[~[9~]>>path:#_ftnref9]] For full details, see WHO// International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, ICD-10 //(Geneva, 1992).
729
730 [[~[10~]>>path:#_ftnref10]] For full details, see WHO //International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, ICD-10 //(Geneva, 1992).