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Helena 5.1 1 {{box title="**Contents**"}}
Helena 1.1 2 {{toc/}}
3 {{/box}}
4
5 Recalling the resolution concerning statistics of occupational injuries adopted by the Thirteenth International Conference of Labour Statisticians (1982),
6
7 Recalling the Code of practice on the recording and notification of occupational accidents and diseases, approved by the Governing Body of the ILO at its 261st Session (November 1994),
8
9 Observing that the existing international standards on statistics of occupational injuries do not provide adequate guidance on the measurement and classification of occupational injuries,
10
11 Recognizing that statistics of occupational injuries should form part of a broad programme of statistics of occupational safety and health,
12
13 Recognizing that statistics of occupational injuries are essential for effective programmes for the prevention of occupational accidents, and for their monitoring,
14
15 Recognizing further that international guidelines on the measurement and classification of occupational injuries will promote the development of these statistics along sound lines and improve their international comparability;
16
17 Adopts this fifteenth day of October 1998 the following resolution:
18
19 = General objectives and uses =
20
21 Each country should aim to develop a comprehensive programme of statistics on occupational safety and health, including occupational diseases and occupational injuries. The objective of this programme would be to provide an adequate statistical base for the various users, taking into account the specific national needs and circumstances. One of the major components of the programme should comprise statistics on occupational injuries, which should be based on a range of sources of information, and which may be used in conjunction with other appropriate economic and social indicators.
22
23 This resolution aims to set out standards of good practice for the collection and presentation of statistics of occupational injuries as guidance for countries wishing to revise their existing statistical systems in this field, or establish new ones. Its provisions should not undermine any existing national systems, nor should they lead to duplication of effort.
24
25 The principal objective of the statistics is to provide comprehensive and timely information on occupational injuries for prevention purposes. The statistics may be used for a number of purposes, such as:
26
Helena 4.2 27 * (a) to identify the occupations and economic activities where occupational injuries occur, along with their extent, severity and the way in which they occur, as a basis for planning preventive measures;
28 * (b) to set priorities for preventive efforts;
29 * (c) to detect changes in the pattern and occurrence of occupational injuries, so as to monitor improvements in safety and reveal any new areas of risk;
Helena 4.14 30 * (d) to inform employers, employers’ organizations, workers and workers’ organizations of the risks associated with their (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) and workplaces, so that they can take an active part in their own safety;
Helena 4.2 31 * (e) to evaluate the effectiveness of preventive measures;
32 * (f) to estimate the consequences of occupational injuries, particularly in terms of days lost or costs;
Helena 4.4 33 * (g) to provide a basis for policy-making aimed at encouraging employers, employers’ organizations, workers and workers’ organizations to introduce accident prevention measures;
34 * (h) to assist in developing training material and programmes for accident prevention;
35 * (i) to provide a basis for identifying possible areas for future research.
Helena 1.1 36
37 4. The major users of the statistics, including the representative organizations of employers and workers, should be consulted when the concepts, definitions and methodology for the collection, compilation and dissemination of the statistics are designed or revised, with a view to taking into account their needs and obtaining their cooperation.
38
39 = Terms and definitions =
40
41 5. For the purposes of statistics of occupational injuries, the following terms and definitions are used:
42
Helena 4.5 43 * (a) //occupational accident//: an unexpected and unplanned occurrence, including acts of violence, arising out of or in connection with (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) which results in one or more workers incurring a personal injury, disease or death; as occupational accidents are to be considered travel, transport or road traffic accidents in which workers are injured and which arise out of or in the course of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%), i.e. while engaged in an economic activity, or at (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%), or carrying on the business of the employer;
44 * (b) //commuting accident//: an accident occurring on the habitual route, in either direction, between the place of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) or (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%)-related training and:
45 ** (i) the worker’s principal or secondary residence;
46 ** (ii) the place where the worker usually takes his or her meals; or (iii) the place where he or she usually receives his or her remuneration; which results in death or personal injury;
47 ** (iii) //occupational injury//: any personal injury, disease or death resulting from an occupational accident;
48 * (c) an occupational injury is therefore distinct from an occupational disease, which is a disease contracted as a result of an exposure over a period of time to risk factors arising from (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) activity;
49 * (d) //case of occupational injury//: the case of one worker incurring an occupational injury as a result of one occupational accident;
50 * (e) //incapacity for (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work//(%%): inability of the victim, due to an occupational injury, to perform the normal duties of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) in the [[job>>doc:working:Glossary.Work Activity.WebHome]] or post occupied at the time of the occupational accident.
Helena 1.1 51
52 = Coverage =
53
Helena 4.5 54 6. The various sources of statistics should, where practical, cover all occupational injuries, as defined in paragraph 5, including non-fatal injuries causing an absence from (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) of at least one day, excluding the day of the accident, and fatal injuries. Where it is practical and considered relevant to include injuries resulting from commuting accidents, the information relating to them should be compiled and disseminated separately.
Helena 1.1 55
Helena 4.18 56 7. Where practical, the statistics should cover all workers regardless of their status in [[employment>>doc:working:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]] (for example, [[employee>>doc:working:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]], employer and own-account worker). The coverage should include child workers,{{footnote}}This inclusion should not be interpreted as condoning child labour.{{/footnote}} [[informal sector>>doc:working:Glossary.Informal sector.WebHome]] workers and homeworkers, where they exist.
Helena 1.1 57
Helena 4.5 58 8. The statistics should in principle cover the whole country, all branches of economic activity and all sectors of the economy. A case of occupational injury occurring while a worker is outside the country of normal residence should be included in the statistics of the country within whose jurisdiction the accident took place.
Helena 1.1 59
60 = Types of data =
61
62 9. Countries should aim to collect the following types of information regarding cases of occupational injury:
63
Helena 4.6 64 * (a) information about the enterprise, establishment or local unit:
65 ** (i) location;
66 ** (ii) economic activity;
67 ** (iii) size (number of workers);
68 * (b) information about the person injured:
69 ** (i) sex;
70 ** (ii) age;
71 ** (iii) occupation; (iv) status in employment;
Helena 4.1 72 * (c) information about the injury:
Helena 4.6 73 ** (i) whether fatal or non-fatal;
74 ** (ii) type of injury;
75 ** (iii) part of body injured;
76 * (d) information
Helena 4.7 77 ** (i) about the accident and its circumstances: type of location of the accident: //such as the usual workplace, another place within the establishment, outside the premises of the establishment//;
78 ** (ii) date and time of the accident;
79 ** (iii) mode of injury: //how the person was injured by a physical contact with an item or object which caused the injury or was psychologically affected by an event; if there are several injuries, the mode of the most serious injury should be recorded//;
80 ** (iv) material agency of injury: //the item, agent, object or product associated with the injury, i.e. the physical tool, object, element, etc. with which the victim came into contact and was injured by; if there are several injuries, the material agency associated with the most serious injury should be recorded.//
Helena 4.6 81
Helena 1.1 82 10. The programme of statistics can include studies to assess the value of further information as, for example, given below. Countries which thus find this or other information useful could continue to develop their programme of statistics further, especially for more serious cases of occupational injuries and fatalities.
83
Helena 4.8 84 * (a) information about the injury:
85 ** (i) incapacity for (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) expressed in calendar days of absence from (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%);
86 * (b) information about the accident and its circumstances:
Helena 4.9 87 ** (i) shift, start time of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) of the injured person and hours (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)worked(%%) in the activity when the accident occurred;
88 ** (ii) the total number of workers injured in the accident;
89 ** (iii)place of occurrence: //the type of place where the accident occurred, such as a production or construction area, trade or service area, farm, street or highway//;
90 ** (iv) (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) process in which the injured person was engaged when the accident occurred: //the main type or kind of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) being carried out by the victim during the period up to the accident (this is a subset of the tasks covered by the occupation of the victim), such as setting up machines, cleaning of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)working(%%) area, teaching//;
91 ** (v) specific activity of the injured person at the time of the accident: //the activity actually being carried out by the victim when the accident occurred; the duration of the activity may range from very short to long; it may or may not be associated with an item or object, such as feeding the machine, operating transport equipment, carrying loads//;
92 ** (vi) material agency associated with the specific activity of the injured person: //the tool, object, element, product, etc., used by the victim in the specific activity when the accident happened (this may not necessarily be implicated in the accident), such as floors, doors, hand tools, mobile cranes;//
93 ** (vii) deviation which resulted in the accident: //what occurred in an abnormal way, deviating from the normal way of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)working(%%) or the normal process, i.e. what went wrong, the event leading to the accident, such as breakage, loss of control of machine, fall of person, aggression; if there are several interlinked or successive events, the last one should be recorded;//
94 ** (viii) material agency associated with the deviation: //the tool, object, element, product, etc. linked with what occurred in an abnormal way, such as floors, doors, hand tools, mobile cranes.//
Helena 1.1 95
96 ~11. Where injuries due to commuting accidents are covered, information corresponding to that provided for in paragraph 9 should be collected, as well as the following:
97
Helena 4.8 98 * (a) place of accident;
99 * (b) the injured person’s mode of transport;
100 * (c) the injured person’s transport role;
101 * (d) the mode of transport of the counterpart (if any).
Helena 1.1 102
103 = Measurement =
104
105 == //Occupational injury// ==
106
Helena 4.10 107 12. The unit of observation should be the //case of occupational injury//, i.e. the case of one worker incurring an occupational injury as a result of one occupational accident. If a person is injured in more than one occupational accident during the reference period, each case of injury to that person should be counted separately. Recurrent absences due to an injury resulting from a single occupational accident should be treated as the continuation of the same case of occupational injury, not as new cases. Where more than one person is injured in a single accident, each case of occupational injury should be counted separately.
Helena 1.1 108
109 == //Fatal occupational injury// ==
110
Helena 4.11 111 13. For measurement purposes, a fatal occupational injury is an occupational injury leading to death within one year of the day of the occupational accident.
Helena 1.1 112
113 == //Time lost due to occupational injuries// ==
114
Helena 4.12 115 14. Time lost should be measured separately for each case of occupational injury leading to temporary incapacity for (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) of a maximum of one year. In order to assess the severity of the injury, time lost should be measured in terms of the number of calendar days during which the injured person is temporarily incapacitated, based on the information available at the time the statistics are compiled. If it is measured in workdays, attempts should be made to assess the total number of calendar days lost.
Helena 1.1 116
Helena 4.12 117 15. The time lost should be measured inclusively from the day after the day of the accident, to the day prior to the day of return to (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%). In the case of recurrent absences due to a single case of occupational injury, each period of absence should be measured as above, and the resulting number of days lost for each period summed to arrive at the total for the case of injury. Temporary absences from (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) of less than one day for medical treatment should not be included in time lost.
Helena 1.1 118
Helena 4.12 119 16. The time lost as a result of permanent incapacity for (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) or fatal occupational injuries may also be estimated. In these cases, the data should be compiled and disseminated separately from data relating to temporary incapacity for (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%).
Helena 1.1 120
121 = Reference period and periodicity =
122
Helena 4.12 123 17. For a given reference period, the statistics should relate to the number of cases of occupational injury occurring during the period and the total time lost as a result of those cases of injury. Cases of fatal injury should be included in the statistics for the reference period during which the occupational accident occurred.
Helena 1.1 124
Helena 4.12 125 18. The statistics should be compiled at least once a year for a reference period of not more than a year. Where seasonal trends may be considered to be important, the statistics may be compiled more frequently, using [[shorter reference periods>>doc:working:Glossary.Short Reference Period.WebHome]], such as a month or a quarter.
Helena 1.1 126
127 = Comparative measures =
128
Helena 3.1 129 19. In order to permit meaningful comparisons of the statistics, for example between different periods, economic activities, regions and countries, account needs to be taken of the differences in [[employment>>doc:working:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]] size, changes in the number of workers in the reference group, as well as in the hours (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)worked(%%) by those in the reference group. A number of rates which take into account these differences may be calculated, including the following measures, which are among those most useful for comparing information at both the national and international levels. The term “workers in the reference group” refers to those workers in the particular group under consideration and covered by the source of the statistics of occupational injuries (for example those of a specific sex or in a specific economic activity, occupation, region, age group, or any combination of these, or those covered by a particular insurance scheme).
Helena 1.1 130
Helena 3.1 131 For each of the measures below, the numerator and the denominator should have the same coverage. For example, if self-[[employed persons>>doc:working:Glossary.Persons in Employment.WebHome]] are covered in the statistics of occupational injuries they should also be covered in the denominator.
Helena 1.1 132
Helena 4.13 133 * (a) The frequency rate of new cases of occupational injury:
Helena 1.1 134
Helena 4.15 135 Number of new cases of occupational injury
136 during the reference period
137 ~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_ x 1,000,000
138 Total number of hours worked by workers
139 in the reference group during the reference period
Helena 4.13 140
Helena 3.1 141 This may be calculated separately for fatal and non-fatal occupational injuries. Ideally, the denominator should be the number of [[hours actually worked>>doc:working:Glossary.Hours Actually Worked.WebHome]] by workers in the reference group. If this is not possible, it may be calculated on the basis of normal hours of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%), taking into account entitlements to periods of paid absence from (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%), such as paid vacations, paid sick leave and public holidays.
Helena 1.1 142
Helena 4.15 143 * (b) The incidence rate of new cases of occupational injury:
Helena 1.1 144
Helena 4.15 145 Number of new cases of occupational injury
146 during the reference period
147 ~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~__ x 1,000
Helena 1.1 148
Helena 4.15 149 Total number of workers in the reference group
150 during the reference period
Helena 1.1 151
Helena 4.15 152 This may be calculated separately for fatal and non-fatal injuries. The number of workers in the reference group should be the average for the reference period. In calculating the average, account should be taken of the hours normally (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)worked(%%) by those persons. The number of those (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)working(%%) part time should be converted to full-time equivalents.
153
154 * (c) The severity rate of new cases of occupational injury:
155
Helena 1.1 156 Number of days lost as a result of new cases of
Helena 4.15 157 occupational injury during the reference period
158 ~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~__ x 1,000,000
Helena 1.1 159
Helena 4.15 160 Total amount of time (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)worked(%%) by workers in the
161 reference group during the reference period
Helena 1.1 162
Helena 3.1 163 This should be calculated only for temporary incapacity for (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%). The amount of time (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)worked(%%) by workers in the reference group should preferably be measured in hours (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)worked(%%).
Helena 1.1 164
Helena 4.15 165 * (d) Days lost per new case of occupational injury:
Helena 1.1 166
167 Median or mean of the number of days lost for each new case of occupational injury during the reference period.
168
169 All the measures may be calculated according to economic activity, occupation, age group, etc., or any combination of these.
170
171 = Dissemination =
172
Helena 4.15 173 20. The statistics of occupational injuries that are compiled should be disseminated regularly, at least once a year; preliminary figures should be released no later than one year after the end of each reference period. The disseminated data should include time series, as well as the data for the most recent reference period. Any revisions to figures released in the past should be clearly indicated in newly disseminated data.
Helena 1.1 174
Helena 4.16 175 21. Detailed descriptions of the sources, concepts, definitions and methodology used in collecting and compiling the statistics on occupational injuries should be:
Helena 1.1 176
Helena 4.16 177 * (a) produced and updated to reflect significant changes;
178 * (b) disseminated by the competent body;
179 * (c) communicated to the ILO.
Helena 1.1 180
Helena 4.16 181 22. In order to promote the comparability of the statistics among countries whose national statistical practices do not conform closely to the international standards, the disseminated data should be accompanied by an explanation of any divergences from those standards.
Helena 1.1 182
Helena 4.16 183 23. Dissemination may take the form of printed publications, electronic data sets, etc. Where possible, the relevant competent authority should make data available on the Internet, so as to facilitate analysis by users throughout the world. The statistics should be disseminated in such a way that the disclosure of any information relating to an individual statistical unit, such as a person, household, an establishment or an enterprise is not possible, unless prior permission has been obtained from the individual units concerned.
Helena 1.1 184
Helena 4.16 185 24. Each year, countries should communicate to the ILO the statistics on occupational injuries (not including individual cases) requested for dissemination by the ILO in its //Yearbook of Labour Statistics// and other forms.
Helena 1.1 186
Helena 2.1 187 = Sources of data =
Helena 1.1 188
Helena 4.16 189 25. In compiling statistics of occupational injuries, various sources of information should be used in order to provide as full a picture as possible of the situation at a given point in time and to give an estimate of any under-reporting which may occur. For example, consideration could be given to periodically supplementing the information available from systems for the notification of compensation of occupational injuries by adding brief modules of questions to existing survey questionnaires, such as those used for establishment surveys for [[employment>>doc:working:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]] and [[wages>>doc:working:Glossary.Earnings.WebHome]], and for [[labour force>>doc:working:Glossary.Labour Force.WebHome]] surveys. In addition, the feasibility of developing new sources should be examined.
Helena 1.1 190
Helena 4.16 191 26. Where data from different sources are used together, attempts should be made to ensure that the concepts, definitions, coverage and classifications used by the different sources are consistent. To this end, it would be useful to establish a coordinating committee at the national level, comprising representatives of government, other producers of statistics on occupational injuries, and employers’ and workers’ organizations. In addition, efforts should be made to harmonize the statistics compiled from different sources and by different bodies.
Helena 1.1 192
193 = Classification =
194
195 27. The data should be classified at least according to major branch of economic activity and as far as possible according to other significant characteristics of persons injured, of enterprises or establishments, of occupational injuries and of occupational accidents for which information is collected in accordance with paragraph 9. Countries should attempt to use classifications that are either comparable with or can be related to the most recent versions of the relevant international classifications, where these exist. Annexes A to F provide the most recent versions of the international classifications below, up to the second level, where available. It may however be desirable, for accident prevention purposes, for countries to classify their data at a greater level of detail.
196
Helena 4.16 197 * //International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities// (ISIC), Revision 3 (1990).
198 * Classification according to [[employment>>doc:working:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]] size of establishments, as in the// International Recommendations for Industrial Statistics, //Rev. 1 (1983).
199 * //International Standard Classification of Occupations, ISCO-88.//
200 * //International Classification of Status in [[Employment>>doc:working:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]], ICSE-93.//
201 * Type of injury, from the //International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, ICD-10 (//1992).
202 * Part of body injured, from the// International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, ICD-10 (//1992).
Helena 1.1 203
204 The ILO should develop and disseminate classifications to replace or supplement the existing schemes adopted by the Tenth ICLS in 1962 for the variables listed below:
205
Helena 4.16 206 * type of location of the accident;
207 * mode of injury;
208 * material agency of injury.
Helena 1.1 209
210 28. The ILO should develop and disseminate classifications to replace or supplement the existing schemes adopted by the Tenth ICLS in 1962, for variables such as those given below. Furthermore, the ILO should encourage and help countries to develop their own classifications to give further information which they can use for their purposes. For occupational injuries:
211
212 * place of occurrence;
Helena 3.1 213 * (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) process;
Helena 1.1 214 * specific activity;
215 * deviation;
216 * material agency associated with the specific activity or the deviation. For injuries due to commuting accidents:
217 * place of accident;
218 * injured person’s mode of transport;
219 * injured person’s transport role; • mode of transport of counterpart.
220
221 = Further action =
222
Helena 4.16 223 29. The ILO should prepare a manual to provide technical guidance on the contents of this resolution. This manual should also cover the collection of information on occupational injuries in the [[informal sector>>doc:working:Glossary.Informal sector.WebHome]] and among child workers, the collection of information through household surveys and establishment surveys, the estimation of under-reporting and of costs of occupational injuries, the classifications to be developed as recommended in paragraphs 27 and 28, and how they should be applied, as well as the establishment of a mapping between ICD-10 and the classifications in Annexes E and F. It should also cooperate, as far as possible, with countries in the development of statistics of occupational injuries by providing technical assistance and training.
Helena 1.1 224
Helena 4.16 225 30. Other areas for future (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) by the ILO include:
Helena 1.1 226
Helena 4.16 227 * (a) developing standards for statistics of occupational diseases; and
228 * (b) making worldwide estimates of the number of fatal occupational injuries.
Helena 1.1 229
Helena 4.17 230 = Annex A. Classification of economic activities =
Helena 1.1 231
Helena 4.17 232 == International S tandard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities, Revision 3{{footnote}}For full details, see United Nations, Statistical Papers, Series M, No. 4, Rev. 3 (New York, UN doc. ST/ESA/STAT/SER.M/4/Rev. 3, 1990).{{/footnote}}(% style="font-size:20.1056px" %) (%%)(tabulation categories and divisions) ==
Helena 1.1 233
234 **Code         Designation**
235
236 **A              Agriculture, hunting and forestry**
237
238 Agriculture, hunting and related service activities
239
240 Forestry, logging and related activities
241
242 **B               Fishing**
243
244 05           Fishing, operation of fish hatcheries and fish farms; service activities incidental to fishing
245
246 **C              Mining and quarrying**
247
248 Mining of coal and lignite; extraction of peat
249
250 Extraction of crude petroleum and natural gas; service activities incidental to oil and gas extraction, excluding surveying
251
252 Mining of uranium and thorium ores
253
254 Mining of metal ores
255
256 Other mining and quarrying
257
258 **D              Manufacturing**
259
260 Manufacture of food products and beverages
261
262 Manufacture of tobacco products
263
264 Manufacture of textiles
265
266 Manufacture of wearing apparel; dressing and dyeing of fur
267
268 Tanning and dressing of leather; manufacture of luggage, handbags, saddlery, harness and footwear
269
270 Manufacture of wood and of products of wood and cork, except furniture; manufacture of articles of straw and plaiting materials
271
272 Manufacture of paper and paper products
273
274 Publishing, printing and reproduction of recorded media
275
276 Manufacture of coke, refined petroleum products and nuclear fuel
277
278 Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products
279
280 Manufacture of rubber and plastics products
281
282 Manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products
283
284 Manufacture of basic metals
285
286 Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
287
288 Manufacture of machinery and equipment not elsewhere classified
289
290 Manufacture of office, accounting and computing machinery
291
292 Manufacture of electrical machinery and apparatus not elsewhere classified
293
294 Manufacture of radio, television and communications equipment and apparatus
295
296 Manufacture of medical, precision and optical instruments, watches and clocks
297
298 Manufacture of motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers
299
300 Manufacture of other transport equipment
301
302 Manufacture of furniture; manufacturing, not elsewhere classified
303
304 Recycling
305
306 **E               Electricity, gas and water supply**
307
308 Electricity, gas, steam and hot-water supply
309
310 Collection, purification and distribution of water
311
312 **Construction **45 Construction
313
314 **Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles, motorcycles and personal and household goods**
315
316 Sale, maintenance and repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles; retail sale of automotive fuel
317
318 Wholesale trade and commission trade, except of motor vehicles and motorcycles
319
320 Retail trade, except of motor vehicles and motorcycles; repair of personal and household goods
321
322 **H               Hotels and restaurants**
323
324 55             Hotels and restaurants
325
326 **I                Transport, storage and communications**
327
328 Land transport; transport via pipelines
329
330 Water transport
331
332 Air transport
333
334 Supporting and auxiliary transport activities; activities of travel agencies
335
336 Post and telecommunications
337
338 **J               Financial intermediation**
339
340 Financial intermediation, except insurance and pension funding
341
342 Insurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security
343
344 Activities auxiliary to financial intermediation
345
346 **K               Real estate, renting and business activities**
347
348 Real estate activities
349
350 Renting of machinery and equipment without operator and of personal and household goods
351
352 Computer and related activities
353
354 Research and development
355
356 Other business activities
357
358 **Public administration and defence; compulsory social security **75 Public administration and defence; compulsory social security
359
360 **Education **80 Education
361
Helena 3.1 362 **Health and social (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) **85 Health and social (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work
Helena 1.1 363
364 **Other community, social and personal service activities**
365
366 Sewage and refuse disposal, sanitation and similar activities
367
368 Activities of membership organizations, not elsewhere classified
369
370 Recreational, cultural and sporting activities 93 Other service activities
371
Helena 3.1 372 **Private households with [[employed persons>>doc:working:Glossary.Persons in Employment.WebHome]] **95 Private households with [[employed persons>>doc:working:Glossary.Persons in Employment.WebHome]]
Helena 1.1 373
374 **Extra-territorial organizations and bodies**
375
Helena 4.17 376 99            Extra-territorial organizations and bodies
Helena 1.1 377
Helena 4.17 378 = Annex B. Classification according to size of enterprise, establishment or local unit =
Helena 1.1 379
Helena 5.1 380 The following size classes, expressed in terms of the average number of persons engaged in the enterprise, establishment or local unit are based on those recommended for international comparisons in the 1983 World Programme of Industrial Statistics.{{footnote}}For full details, see United Nations: International Recommendations for Industrial Statistics, Statistical
381 Papers, Series M, No. 48, Rev. 1 (New York, UN doc. ST/ESA/STAT/SER.M/48/Rev. 1, 1983).{{/footnote}} For national purposes, ranges should be established according to each country’s circumstances and needs.
Helena 1.1 382
383 **Code         Designation**
384
385 1 to 4 persons engaged
386
387 5 to 9 persons engaged
388
389 10 to 19 persons engaged
390
391 20 to 49 persons engaged
392
393 50 to 99 persons engaged
394
395 100 to 149 persons engaged
396
397 150 to 199 persons engaged
398
399 200 to 249 persons engaged
400
401 250 to 499 persons engaged
402
403 500 to 999 persons engaged
404
405 1,000 or more persons engaged
406
407 Z               Size unknown
408
409 Annex C
410
411 Classification of occupations
412
Helena 4.17 413 International S tandard Classification of Occupations, IS CO-88{{footnote}}For full details, see ILO International Standard Classification of Occupations: ISCO-88 (Geneva, 1990).{{/footnote}} (major groups and sub-major groups)
Helena 1.1 414
415 **Code         Designation**
416
417 **1                Legislators, senior officials and managers**
418
419 Legislators and senior officials
420
Helena 4.17 421 Corporate managers{{footnote}}This sub-major group is intended to include persons who — as directors, chief executives or department managers — manage enterprises requiring a total of three or more managers.{{/footnote}}
Helena 1.1 422
Helena 4.17 423 General managers{{footnote}}This sub-major group is intended to include persons who manage enterprises on their own behalf, or on behalf of the proprietor, with some non-managerial help and assistance of no more than one other manager.{{/footnote}}
Helena 1.1 424
425 **2                Professionals**
426
427 Physical, mathematical and engineering science professionals
428
429 Life science and health professionals
430
431 Teaching professionals
432
433 Other professionals
434
435 **3                Technicians and associate professionals**
436
437 Physical and engineering science associate professionals
438
439 Life science and health associate professionals
440
441 Teaching associate professionals 34 Other associate professionals
442
443 **4               Clerks**
444
445 Office clerks
446
447 Customer services clerks
448
449 **5                Service workers and shop and market sales workers**
450
451 Personal and protective services workers
452
453 Models, salespersons and demonstrators
454
455 **6               Skilled agricultural and fishery workers**
456
457 Market-oriented skilled agricultural and fishery workers
458
459 Subsistence agricultural and fishery workers
460
461 **7                Craft and related trades workers**
462
463 Extraction and building trades workers
464
465 Metal, machinery and related trades workers
466
467 Precision, handicraft, printing and related trades workers
468
469 Other craft and related trades workers
470
471 **8               Plant and machine operators and assemblers**
472
473 Stationary plant and related operators
474
475 Machinery operators and assemblers
476
477 Drivers and mobile plant operators
478
479 **9               Elementary occupations**
480
481 Sales and services elementary occupations
482
483 Agricultural, fishery and related labourers
484
485 Labourers in mining, construction, manufacturing and transport
486
487 **0                Armed forces**
488
489 01             Armed forces
490
Helena 4.17 491 = Annex D. Classification according to status in employment =
Helena 1.1 492
Helena 4.17 493 == International Classification of Status in Employment, ICS E-93{{footnote}}For full details, see ILO, Report of the Conference, Fifteenth International Conference of Labour Statisticians (Geneva, 19-28 Jan. 1993), (Geneva, doc. ICLS/15/D.6(Rev. 1), 1993).{{/footnote}} ==
Helena 1.1 494
Helena 3.1 495 The following text is an extract from the resolution concerning the International Classification of Status in [[Employment>>doc:working:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]] (ICSE) adopted by the Fifteenth International Conference of Labour Statisticians (Geneva, 1993):
Helena 1.1 496
Helena 4.17 497 **II.  The ICSE-93 groups{{footnote}}For linguistic convenience the group titles and definitions have been formulated in a way which corresponds to the situation where each person holds only one job during the reference period. Rules for classifying persons with two or more jobs are given in section V.{{/footnote}}**
Helena 1.1 498
Helena 4.17 499 4. The ICSE-93 consists of the following groups, which are defined in section III:
Helena 1.1 500
Helena 3.1 501 * [[employees>>doc:working:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]];
502 * among whom countries may need and be able to distinguish “[[employees>>doc:working:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]] with stable contracts” (including “regular [[employees>>doc:working:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]]”);
Helena 1.1 503 * employers;
504 * own-account workers;
505 * members of producers’ cooperatives;
506 * contributing family workers; 6. workers not classifiable by status.
507
508 **III. Group definitions**
509
Helena 3.1 510 The groups in the ICSE-93 are defined with reference to the distinction between “paid [[employment>>doc:working:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]]” [[jobs>>doc:working:Glossary.Work Activity.WebHome]] on the one side and “selfemployment” [[jobs>>doc:working:Glossary.Work Activity.WebHome]] on the other. Groups are defined with reference to one or more aspects of the economic risk and/or the type of authority which the explicit or implicit [[employment>>doc:working:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]] contract gives the incumbents or to which it subjects them.
Helena 1.1 511
Helena 3.1 512 Paid [[employment>>doc:working:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]] [[jobs>>doc:working:Glossary.Work Activity.WebHome]] are those [[jobs>>doc:working:Glossary.Work Activity.WebHome]] where the incumbents hold explicit (written or oral) or implicit [[employment>>doc:working:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]] contracts which give them a basic remuneration which is not directly dependent upon the revenue of the unit for which they (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) (this unit can be a corporation, a non-profit institution, a government unit or a household). Some or all of the tools, capital equipment, information systems and/or premises used by the incumbents may be owned by others, and the incumbents may (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) under direct supervision of, or according to strict guidelines set by the owner(s) or persons in the owner’s [[employment>>doc:working:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]]. (Persons in “paid [[employment>>doc:working:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]] [[jobs>>doc:working:Glossary.Work Activity.WebHome]]” are typically remunerated by [[wages>>doc:working:Glossary.Earnings.WebHome]] and [[salaries>>doc:working:Glossary.Earnings.WebHome]], but may be paid by commission from sales, by piece-rates, bonuses or in-kind payments such as food, housing or training.)
Helena 1.1 513
Helena 3.1 514 Self-[[employment>>doc:working:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]] [[jobs>>doc:working:Glossary.Work Activity.WebHome]] are those [[jobs>>doc:working:Glossary.Work Activity.WebHome]] where the remuneration is directly dependent upon the profits (or the potential for profits) derived from the goods and services produced (where own consumption is considered to be part of profits). The incumbents make the operational decisions affecting the enterprise, or delegate such decisions while retaining responsibility for the welfare of the enterprise. (In this context, “enterprise” includes one-person operations.)
Helena 1.1 515
Helena 3.1 516 ~1. [[Employees>>doc:working:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]] are all those workers who hold the type of [[job>>doc:working:Glossary.Work Activity.WebHome]] defined as “paid [[employment>>doc:working:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]] [[jobs>>doc:working:Glossary.Work Activity.WebHome]]” (cf. paragraph 6). [[Employees>>doc:working:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]] with stable contracts are those “[[employees>>doc:working:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]]” who have had, and continue to have, an explicit (written or oral) or implicit contract of [[employment>>doc:working:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]], or a succession of such contracts, with the same employer on a continuous basis. “On a continuous basis” implies a period of [[employment>>doc:working:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]] which is longer than a specified minimum determined according to national circumstances. (If interruptions are allowed in this minimum period, their maximum duration should also be determined according to national circumstances.) Regular [[employees>>doc:working:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]] are those “[[employees>>doc:working:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]] with stable contracts” for whom the [[employing>>doc:working:Glossary.Persons in Employment.WebHome]] organization is responsible for payment of relevant taxes and social security contributions and/or where the contractual relationship is subject to national labour legislation.
Helena 1.1 517
Helena 3.1 518 2. Employers are those workers who, (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)working(%%) on their own account or with one or a few partners, hold the type of [[job>>doc:working:Glossary.Work Activity.WebHome]] defined as a “self-[[employment>>doc:working:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]] [[job>>doc:working:Glossary.Work Activity.WebHome]]” (cf. paragraph 7) and, in this capacity, on a continuous basis (including the reference period) have engaged one or more persons to (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) for them in their business as “[[employee>>doc:working:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]](s)” (cf. paragraph 8). The meaning of “engage on continuous basis” is to be determined by national circumstances, in a way which is consistent with the definition of “[[employees>>doc:working:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]] with stable contracts” (cf. paragraph 8). (The partners may or may not be members of the same family or household.)
Helena 1.1 519
Helena 3.1 520 3. Own-account workers are those workers who, (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)working(%%) on their own account or with one or more partners, hold the type of [[job>>doc:working:Glossary.Work Activity.WebHome]] defined as a “self-[[employment>>doc:working:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]] [[job>>doc:working:Glossary.Work Activity.WebHome]]” (cf. paragraph 7), and have not engaged on a continuous basis any “[[employees>>doc:working:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]]” (cf. paragraph 8) to (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) for them during the reference period. It should be noted that, during the reference period, the members of this group may have engaged “[[employees>>doc:working:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]]”, provided that this is on a non-continuous basis. (The partners may or may not be members of the same family or household.)
Helena 1.1 521
Helena 3.1 522 4. Members of producers’ cooperatives are workers who hold “self-[[employment>>doc:working:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]]” [[jobs>>doc:working:Glossary.Work Activity.WebHome]] (cf. paragraph 7) in a cooperative producing goods and services, in which each member takes part on an equal footing with other members in determining the organization of production, sales and/or other (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) of the establishment, the investments and the distribution of the proceeds of the establishment amongst their members. (It should be noted that “[[employees>>doc:working:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]]” (cf. paragraph 8) of producers’ cooperatives are not to be classified to this group.)
Helena 1.1 523
Helena 3.1 524 5. Contributing family workers are those workers who hold “self-[[employment>>doc:working:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]]” [[jobs>>doc:working:Glossary.Work Activity.WebHome]] (cf. paragraph 7) in a market-oriented establishment operated by a related person living in the same household, who cannot be regarded as partners, because their degree of commitment to the operation of the establishment, in terms of [[working time>>doc:working:Glossary.Working Time.WebHome]] or other factors to be determined by national circumstances, is not at a level comparable to that of the head of the establishment. (Where it is customary for young persons, in particular, to (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) without pay in an economic enterprise operated by a related person who does not live in the same household, the requirement of “living in the same household” may be eliminated.)
Helena 1.1 525
526 6. Workers not classifiable by status include those for whom insufficient relevant information is available, and/or who cannot be included in any of the preceding categories.
527
Helena 4.17 528 = Annex E. Classification according to type of injury =
Helena 1.1 529
Helena 4.17 530 The following classification is based on the //International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems//, ICD-10.{{footnote}}For full details, see WHO International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, ICD-10 (Geneva, 1992).{{/footnote}} The most serious injury or disease sustained or suffered by the victim should be classified. Where several injuries have been incurred, the most serious one should be classified. The coding given below does not correspond to that given in ICD-10, due to differences in structure.
Helena 1.1 531
532 **Code          Designation**
533
534 **Superficial injuries and open wounds**
535
536 Superficial injuries (including abrasions, blisters (non-thermal), contusions, puncture wounds (without major open wounds), insect bites (non-venomous)
537
538 Open wounds (including cuts, lacerations, puncture wounds (with penetrating foreign body), animal bites)
539
540 **Fractures**
541
542 Closed fractures
543
544 Open fractures
545
546 Other fractures (dislocated, displaced)
547
548 **Dislocations, sprains and strains**
549
550 (Including avulsions, lacerations, sprains, strains, traumatic haemarthroses, ruptures, subluxations and tears of joints and ligaments)
551
552 Dislocations and subluxations
553
554 Sprains and strains
555
556 **Traumatic amputations**
557
558 (Including traumatic enucleation of the eye)
559
560 **Concussion and internal injuries**
561
562 (Including blast injuries, bruises, concussion, crushing, lacerations, traumatic haematoma, punctures, ruptures and tears of internal organs)
563
564 **Burns, corrosions, scalds and frostbite**
565
566 Burns (thermal) (including from electrical heating appliances, electricity, flames, friction, hot air and hot gases, hot objects, lightning, radiation)
567
568 Chemical burns (corrosions)
569
570 Scalds
571
572 Frostbite
573
574 **Acute poisonings and infections**
575
576 Acute poisonings (acute effects of the injection, ingestion, absorption or inhalation of toxic, corrosive or caustic substances; including toxic effects of contact with venomous animals)
577
578 Infections (including intestinal infectious diseases, specified zoonoses, protozoal diseases, viral diseases, mycoses)
579
580 **Other specified types of injury**
581
582 Effects of radiation
583
584 Effects of heat and light
585
586 Hypothermia
587
588 Effects of air pressure and water pressure
589
590 Asphyxiation
591
592 Effects of maltreatment (including physical abuse, psychological abuse)
593
594 Effects of lightning (shock from lightning, struck by lightning not otherwise specified)
595
596 Drowning and non-fatal submersion
597
598 Effects of noise and vibration (including acute hearing loss)
599
600 Effects of electric current (electrocution, shock from electric current)
601
602 8.19          Other specified injuries
603
604 **10              Type of injury, unspecified**
605
Helena 4.17 606 = Annex F. Classification according to the part of body injured =
Helena 1.1 607
608 The following classification is based on the //International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related//
609
Helena 4.17 610 //Health Problems//, ICD-10.{{footnote}}For full details, see WHO International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, ICD-10 (Geneva, 1992).{{/footnote}} The groups relating to multiple locations should be used only to classify cases where the victim suffers from several injuries to different parts of the body and no injury is obviously more severe than the others. In order to designate the side of the body injured, a further digit may be added to the code for the part of body injured, where relevant, as follows:
Helena 1.1 611
612 1:       right side
613
614 2:      left side
615
616 3:       both sides
617
618 The coding given below does not correspond to that given in the ICD-10, due to differences in structure.
619
620 **Code          Designation**
621
622 **Head**
623
624 Scalp, skull, brain and cranial nerves and vessels
625
626 Ear(s)
627
628 Eye(s)
629
630 Tooth, teeth
631
632 Other specified parts of facial area
633
634 Head, multiple sites affected
635
636 Head, other specified parts not elsewhere classified 1.9       Head, unspecified
637
638 **Neck, including spine and vertebrae in the neck **2.1 Spine and vertebrae
639
640 2.8              Neck, other specified parts not elsewhere classified 2.9       Neck, unspecified
641
642 **Back, including spine and vertebrae in the back**
643
644 Spine and vertebrae
645
646
647 Back, other specified parts not elsewhere classified
648
649 Back, unspecified
650
651 **Trunk and internal organs**
652
653 Rib cage (ribs including sternum and shoulder blades)
654
655 Other parts of thorax, including internal organs
656
657 Pelvic and abdominal area, including internal organs
658
659 External genitalia
660
661 Trunk, multiple sites affected
662
663 Trunk, other specified parts not elsewhere classified
664
665 Trunk and internal organs, unspecified
666
667 **Upper extremities**
668
669 Shoulder and shoulder joints
670
671 Arm, including elbow
672
673 Wrist
674
675 Hand
676
677 Thumb
678
679 Other finger(s)
680
681 Upper extremities, multiple sites affected
682
683 Upper extremities, other specified parts not elsewhere classified
684
685 Upper extremities, unspecified
686
687 **Lower extremities**
688
689 Hip and hip joint
690
691 Leg, including knee
692
693 Ankle
694
695 Foot
696
697 Toe(s)
698
699 Lower extremities, multiple sites affected
700
701 Lower extremities, other specified parts not elsewhere classified
702
703 Lower extremities, unspecified
704
705 **Whole body and multiple sites**
706
707 Systemic effect (for example, from poisoning or infection)
708
709 7.8 Multiple sites of the body affected **9 Other parts of body injured**
710
711 **10              Part of body injured, unspecified**
712
713 ----
714
Helena 4.17 715 {{putFootnotes/}}