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21 21  ~1. Each country should aim at supplementing its programmes of statistics on [[employment>>doc:working:Glossary.Employment.WebHome]], [[labour underutilization>>doc:working:Glossary.Labour Underutilization.WebHome]] and wages with statistics that provide insight into the income related to [[employment>>doc:working:Glossary.Employment.WebHome]], for the purpose of (a) analysing the income-generating capacity of different economic activities and (b) analysing the economic well-being of persons on the basis of the [[employment>>doc:working:Glossary.Employment.WebHome]] opportunities available to them.
22 22  
23 -2. A programme of statistics on [[employment>>doc:working:Glossary.Employment.WebHome]]-related income should provide for the needs of various users. It should provide information required in economic analysis where the focus is on the identification and creation of productive economic activities, and should contribute to the design, implementation and assessment of [[employment>>doc:working:Glossary.Employment.WebHome]] promotion policies which aim at creating and developing [[employment>>doc:working:Glossary.Employment.WebHome]] that provides adequate income. Statistics of [[employment>>doc:working:Glossary.Employment.WebHome]]-related income should contribute to the development of the analysis of the [[informal sector>>doc:working:Glossary.Informal Sector.WebHome]] for [[employment>>doc:working:Glossary.Employment.WebHome]] and income generation and the measurement of underemployment. The programme of statistics should also be useful for the analysis of the [[labour force>>doc:working:Glossary.Labour Force.WebHome]] situation in relation to the increased flexibility of the labour market and the structural changes resulting from this flexibility, in particular through the provision of data on the relationship between [[employment>>doc:working:Glossary.Employment.WebHome]]-related income and atypical or non-standard forms of [[employment>>doc:working:Glossary.Employment.WebHome]]. It should provide data on the changes in [[employment>>doc:working:Glossary.Employment.WebHome]] patterns and remuneration practices which have taken place in countries at different stages of development. Statistics of [[employment>>doc:working:Glossary.Employment.WebHome]]-related income may be used for planning, implementing and evaluating social and economic policies, for assessing the impact of specific policies such as assistance to agricultural workers and access of particular workers such as women and rural-urban migrants to the labour market. Statistics on the level of income from [[employment>>doc:working:Glossary.Employment.WebHome]] for pay and for profit should be used as an input in the assessment of the consumption capacity of workers and their level of [[employment>>doc:working:Glossary.Employment.WebHome]]-related welfare. Data on the structure and distribution of [[employment>>doc:working:Glossary.Employment.WebHome]]-related income may also be used in connection with the adjustment of income taxes and social security contributions and the redistribution of income and social security benefits. They should contribute to the compilation of labour and national accounts.
23 +2. A programme of statistics on [[employment>>doc:working:Glossary.Employment.WebHome]]-related income should provide for the needs of various users. It should provide information required in economic analysis where the focus is on the identification and creation of productive economic activities, and should contribute to the design, implementation and assessment of [[employment>>doc:working:Glossary.Employment.WebHome]] promotion policies which aim at creating and developing [[employment>>doc:working:Glossary.Employment.WebHome]] that provides adequate income. Statistics of [[employment>>doc:working:Glossary.Employment.WebHome]]-related income should contribute to the development of the analysis of the [[informal sector>>doc:working:Glossary.Informal sector.WebHome]] for [[employment>>doc:working:Glossary.Employment.WebHome]] and income generation and the measurement of underemployment. The programme of statistics should also be useful for the analysis of the [[labour force>>doc:working:Glossary.Labour Force.WebHome]] situation in relation to the increased flexibility of the labour market and the structural changes resulting from this flexibility, in particular through the provision of data on the relationship between [[employment>>doc:working:Glossary.Employment.WebHome]]-related income and atypical or non-standard forms of [[employment>>doc:working:Glossary.Employment.WebHome]]. It should provide data on the changes in [[employment>>doc:working:Glossary.Employment.WebHome]] patterns and remuneration practices which have taken place in countries at different stages of development. Statistics of [[employment>>doc:working:Glossary.Employment.WebHome]]-related income may be used for planning, implementing and evaluating social and economic policies, for assessing the impact of specific policies such as assistance to agricultural workers and access of particular workers such as women and rural-urban migrants to the labour market. Statistics on the level of income from [[employment>>doc:working:Glossary.Employment.WebHome]] for pay and for profit should be used as an input in the assessment of the consumption capacity of workers and their level of [[employment>>doc:working:Glossary.Employment.WebHome]]-related welfare. Data on the structure and distribution of [[employment>>doc:working:Glossary.Employment.WebHome]]-related income may also be used in connection with the adjustment of income taxes and social security contributions and the redistribution of income and social security benefits. They should contribute to the compilation of labour and national accounts.
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25 25  3. In order to fulfil the above objectives, comprehensive, detailed and reliable statistics should, as far as possible, be compiled on {{{(i)}}} the characteristics of [[jobs>>doc:working:Glossary.Job.WebHome]] for pay and for profit, (ii) the components and amounts of income generated by these [[jobs>>doc:working:Glossary.Job.WebHome]], (iii) where relevant, the corresponding volume of labour input and (iv) the socio-economic characteristics of persons holding [[jobs>>doc:working:Glossary.Job.WebHome]] for pay or profit.
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129 129  29. In view of the heterogeneity of those in [[employment>>doc:working:Glossary.Employment.WebHome]] for profit and the complexity of measurement of net income of unincorporated enterprises, the measurement of [[income related to employment for profit>>doc:working:Glossary.Income Related to Employment for Profit.WebHome]] should be phased into national programmes of statistics over an extended period of time. In the initial phase, countries should endeavour to identify and measure the income received by two groups of [[workers in employment for profit>>doc:working:Glossary.Workers in employment for profit.WebHome]]:
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131 -* (a) The first group consists of persons employed for profit operating their enterprises with little or negligible capital input, who produce goods and services in a similar way to [[employees>>doc:working:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]] (such as those engaged in crafts or services, whether in the formal or the [[informal sector>>doc:working:Glossary.Informal Sector.WebHome]]). The income they receive is mostly a return to their labour input and the gross mixed income of the enterprise is a close estimate of net mixed income.
132 -* (b) The second group consists of persons employed for profit whose activities involve an identifiable amount of capital for the production and generation of income (such as professional workers in the formal sector or workshops in the [[informal sector>>doc:working:Glossary.Informal Sector.WebHome]]). In this case, efforts should be made to quantify the amount of capital used to generate the income and to derive net mixed income. For this purpose, data on the consumption of productive assets (i.e. structures, machinery or equipment, cultivated assets such as trees or animals used to produce other products such as fruit or dairy products, etc.) should, in principle, be collected. Consumption of productive assets may be valued through an estimate of depreciation, according to the business accounting rules in force in each country, or according to the methods contained in the System of National Accounts. Due account should also be taken of the source of data and data collection methods. Where it is not possible to obtain reliable data on consumption of fixed capital from [[persons in employment>>doc:working:Glossary.Persons in Employment.WebHome]] for profit, net [[income related to employment for profit>>doc:working:Glossary.Income Related to Employment for Profit.WebHome]] may have to be derived by means of analytical methods.
131 +* (a) The first group consists of persons employed for profit operating their enterprises with little or negligible capital input, who produce goods and services in a similar way to [[employees>>doc:working:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]] (such as those engaged in crafts or services, whether in the formal or the [[informal sector>>doc:working:Glossary.Informal sector.WebHome]]). The income they receive is mostly a return to their labour input and the gross mixed income of the enterprise is a close estimate of net mixed income.
132 +* (b) The second group consists of persons employed for profit whose activities involve an identifiable amount of capital for the production and generation of income (such as professional workers in the formal sector or workshops in the [[informal sector>>doc:working:Glossary.Informal sector.WebHome]]). In this case, efforts should be made to quantify the amount of capital used to generate the income and to derive net mixed income. For this purpose, data on the consumption of productive assets (i.e. structures, machinery or equipment, cultivated assets such as trees or animals used to produce other products such as fruit or dairy products, etc.) should, in principle, be collected. Consumption of productive assets may be valued through an estimate of depreciation, according to the business accounting rules in force in each country, or according to the methods contained in the System of National Accounts. Due account should also be taken of the source of data and data collection methods. Where it is not possible to obtain reliable data on consumption of fixed capital from [[persons in employment>>doc:working:Glossary.Persons in Employment.WebHome]] for profit, net [[income related to employment for profit>>doc:working:Glossary.Income Related to Employment for Profit.WebHome]] may have to be derived by means of analytical methods.
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134 -30. When measuring [[income related to employment for profit>>doc:working:Glossary.Income Related to Employment for Profit.WebHome]] in the [[informal sector>>doc:working:Glossary.Informal Sector.WebHome]], special attention needs to be paid to the particular circumstances of collecting income data from enterprises in this sector, due account being taken of the guidelines contained in the resolution concerning statistics on the informal economy adopted by the 21st ICLS.
134 +30. When measuring [[income related to employment for profit>>doc:working:Glossary.Income Related to Employment for Profit.WebHome]] in the [[informal sector>>doc:working:Glossary.Informal sector.WebHome]], special attention needs to be paid to the particular circumstances of collecting income data from enterprises in this sector, due account being taken of the guidelines contained in the resolution concerning statistics on the informal economy adopted by the 21st ICLS.
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136 136  == Choice of method for recording income related to employment for profit ==
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191 191  48. One such source could be general or specialized household surveys, with individual household members as observation units.
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193 -49. Other sources of data include establishment surveys, administrative records (such as income tax and social security records), [[informal sector>>doc:working:Glossary.Informal Sector.WebHome]] surveys (such as mixed surveys, according to the guidelines contained in the ILO resolution concerning statistics on the informal economy adopted by the 21st ICLS), agricultural surveys, surveys of small economic units and population censuses.
193 +49. Other sources of data include establishment surveys, administrative records (such as income tax and social security records), [[informal sector>>doc:working:Glossary.Informal sector.WebHome]] surveys (such as mixed surveys, according to the guidelines contained in the ILO resolution concerning statistics on the informal economy adopted by the 21st ICLS), agricultural surveys, surveys of small economic units and population censuses.
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195 195  50. The choice of the appropriate sources of data should be based on the results of a cost-benefit analysis, taking into account factors such as the desired accuracy and details required from the results, the availability of different sources, the existence and design of [[labour force>>doc:working:Glossary.Labour Force.WebHome]] or other household surveys and the feasibility of adding new topics to these surveys or of launching separate surveys, and the response burden (particularly for the population census where questionnaire content must typically be limited).
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280 280  71. Contributing family workers generally have [[jobs>>doc:working:Glossary.Job.WebHome]] whose occupational content and level of responsibilities differ from that of the owner or partners of the enterprise. The measurement of their participation involves: the measurement of the volume of [[employment>>doc:working:Glossary.Employment.WebHome]] put into the activity, in terms of hours, days, weeks, etc., {{{(i)}}} and (ii) the imputation of an income value to their (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%). This imputed value can be based on the market rates for equivalent occupations.
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282 -72. Several variants may be calculated, using for instance the [[minimum wage>>doc:working:Glossary.Minimum Wage.WebHome]] of certain suitable occupations, or the average wage, by sex and occupation or sector, of substitute workers. Wages may be allocated "gross" or "net". Imputed gross wages (where relevant, including the employer's imputed contributions to social security and similar schemes) can provide an indication of the expense foregone by the head of the household enterprise, while imputed wages net of taxes and social security contributions appear more suitable since the labour of contributing family workers does not usually generate social security contributions.
282 +72. Several variants may be calculated, using for instance the [[minimum wage>>doc:working:Glossary.Minimum wage.WebHome]] of certain suitable occupations, or the average wage, by sex and occupation or sector, of substitute workers. Wages may be allocated "gross" or "net". Imputed gross wages (where relevant, including the employer's imputed contributions to social security and similar schemes) can provide an indication of the expense foregone by the head of the household enterprise, while imputed wages net of taxes and social security contributions appear more suitable since the labour of contributing family workers does not usually generate social security contributions.
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284 284  = Data dissemination =
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