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Last modified by Helena on 2025/07/31 14:18
From version 3.12
edited by Helena
on 2025/06/17 11:42
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To version 3.9
edited by Helena
on 2025/06/17 11:40
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147 147  
148 148  = Statistical units =
149 149  
150 -35. Two basic observation units are relevant to the measurement of income related to employment for pay or profit, depending on the objective pursued: the job and the individual person.
150 +1. Two basic observation units are relevant to the measurement of income related to employment for pay or profit, depending on the objective pursued: the job and the individual person.
151 +1. For the measurement of the income-generating capacity of different economic activities, the //job, //as defined in ICSE, is the basic entity on which information is to be collected and analysed. Jobs can be for pay or for profit, which can be characterized by industry, occupation and employment status, coded at the most detailed level of national or international classifications.
152 +1. When the objective is the analysis of the employment-related well-being of the population concerned, the desirable unit is the //individual person. //The individual is also relevant when analysing the relationship between employment-related income and educational achievements, seniority in employment, work duration, etc. An individual may be engaged in a single job, have multiple jobs in employment for pay or for profit, or own and operate more than one unincorporated enterprise, simultaneously or consecutively within a given reference period. From the individual's standpoint, employment-related income corresponds to the sum of all incomes generated by all jobs as well as income from former employment.
151 151  
152 -36. For the measurement of the income-generating capacity of different economic activities, the //job, //as defined in ICSE, is the basic entity on which information is to be collected and analysed. Jobs can be for pay or for profit, which can be characterized by industry, occupation and employment status, coded at the most detailed level of national or international classifications.
153 -
154 -37. When the objective is the analysis of the employment-related well-being of the population concerned, the desirable unit is the //individual person. //The individual is also relevant when analysing the relationship between employment-related income and educational achievements, seniority in employment, work duration, etc. An individual may be engaged in a single job, have multiple jobs in employment for pay or for profit, or own and operate more than one unincorporated enterprise, simultaneously or consecutively within a given reference period. From the individual's standpoint, employment-related income corresponds to the sum of all incomes generated by all jobs as well as income from former employment.
155 -
156 156  = Reference period =
157 157  
158 -38. In measuring income related to employment for pay and for profit, account should be taken of the seasonal variations which affect the receipt of income, the fluctuations in work intensity of individuals, and the possible combination of multiple activities and periods of activity and inactivity of the population concerned. For this purpose, income related to employment for pay and for profit should be measured over a long reference period, such as a full year.
156 +1. In measuring income related to employment for pay and for profit, account should be taken of the seasonal variations which affect the receipt of income, the fluctuations in work intensity of individuals, and the possible combination of multiple activities and periods of activity and inactivity of the population concerned. For this purpose, income related to employment for pay and for profit should be measured over a long reference period, such as a full year.
157 +1. For data collection purposes, shorter reference periods, such as a month or a quarter, may be used. Different activities and jobs may require different reference periods, such as a month
159 159  
160 -39. For data collection purposes, shorter reference periods, such as a month or a quarter, may be used. Different activities and jobs may require different reference periods, such as a month for regular fulltime employment for pay, complemented by data on additional annual receipts, or a crop season in agricultural employment for profit. For analytical purposes, data on employment-related income referring to short reference periods should be aggregated over the long reference period mentioned above.
159 +for regular fulltime employment for pay, complemented by data on additional annual receipts, or a crop season in agricultural employment for profit. For analytical purposes, data on employment-related income referring to short reference periods should be aggregated over the long reference period mentioned above.
161 161  
162 -= Data requirements =
161 +=== Data requirements ===
163 163  
164 -40. For the measurement of the income-generating capacity of different jobs, there should be consistency between the data on employment in a given job and the data on income generated by that job. Data should therefore be collected on: (i) the characteristics of the job (industry, occupation, employment status), type of enterprise (individual enterprise, partnership, corporation, etc.), employment size and sector (e.g. informal or formal sector, public or private sector); (ii) the volume of labour input in the job (duration of employment and time worked); and (iii) the amount of income generated by that job.
163 +1. For the measurement of the income-generating capacity of different jobs, there should be consistency between the data on employment in a given job and the data on income generated by that job. Data should therefore be collected on: (i) the characteristics of the job (industry, occupation, employment status), type of enterprise (individual enterprise, partnership, corporation, etc.), employment size and sector (e.g. informal or formal sector, public or private sector); (ii) the volume of labour input in the job (duration of employment and time worked); and (iii) the amount of income generated by that job.
164 +1. In order to analyse the relationship between employment and the well-being of individuals, data are needed for each person: (i) separately on the main and any additional jobs carried out during the reference period; (ii) the income derived from each of these jobs; (iii) the socio-economic characteristics of individuals: age, sex, education and skill level, etc.; and (iv) any spells of unemployment or periods of being out of the labour force that an individual may have experienced during the given reference period.
165 165  
166 -41. In order to analyse the relationship between employment and the well-being of individuals, data are needed for each person: (i) separately on the main and any additional jobs carried out during the reference period; (ii) the income derived from each of these jobs; (iii) the socio-economic characteristics of individuals: age, sex, education and skill level, etc.; and (iv) any spells of unemployment or periods of being out of the labour force that an individual may have experienced during the given reference period.
166 +=== Measurement of working time in employment ===
167 167  
168 -= Measurement of working time in employment =
169 -
170 170  1. One of the requirements of the measurement of employment-related income is that the part of the income directly generated by a job be related to the working time which has gone into that job. Income and employment data should therefore refer, or be convertible, to the same period.
171 171  1. For each job, working time should be, expressed in the number of hours, days, weeks, etc., during which the activity has been carried out. Where the activity is carried out by several contributing family workers and income is the result of a joint labour input (e.g. in household enterprises), efforts should be made to measure the number of hours, days, weeks, etc., worked by each member.
172 172  1. At the individual level, employment-related income should be measured for each job carried out during the reference period, whether in employment for pay or for profit, together with the corresponding labour input in each activity. During a one-year reference period, individuals may be, for different periods, employed, unemployed and out of labour force during which some or no employment-related income accrues. Each of these periods should be identified, account being taken of all jobs performed, including casual or simultaneous employment. The main situations may be classified into broad categories relevant to the measurement of employment-related wellbeing (or hardship).
173 173  
174 -== Measurement of hours of work ==
172 +==== Measurement of hours of work ====
175 175  
176 176  1. The measurement of hours of work is dealt with in the resolution concerning the measurement of working time adopted by the 18^^th^^ ICLS in 2008. The working time concepts defined in this resolution are relevant for the measurement and analysis of employmentrelated income, and countries should aim at applying them to produce working time
177 177