Changes for page Resolution III: Resolution to amend Resolution 16th ICLS concerning the measurement of employment-related income

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  = Data compilation =
--58. In order to measure the income-generating capacity of different jobs or economic activities, employment-related income should be related to the job variables (regular/casual, full/parttime, etc.) and measured within the framework of employment duration and working time.
++1. In order to measure the income-generating capacity of different jobs or economic activities, employment-related income should be related to the job variables (regular/casual, full/parttime, etc.) and measured within the framework of employment duration and working time.
++1. In order to assess employment-related well-being, data should be collected on income derived from all jobs for each person. For each job, income data should be collected along with the individual's status in employment, the length of the reference period to which the income refers, working time in hours, days, months, etc., where relevant.
++1. Data should be collected on the components, as well as on the aggregate, of income related to employment for pay or for profit, along the following lines:
++11. Gross income related to employment for pay, excluding social security contributions as in paragraph 12:
--59. In order to assess employment-related well-being, data should be collected on income derived from all jobs for each person. For each job, income data should be collected along with the individual's status in employment, the length of the reference period to which the income refers, working time in hours, days, months, etc., where relevant.
++*
++** total cash remuneration;
++** total imputed value of remuneration in kind and services;
++** profit-related pay;
++** employment-related social security benefits:
++*** received from employer;
++*** received from social security and insurance schemes or the State.
--60. Data should be collected on the components, as well as on the aggregate, of income related to employment for pay or for profit, along the following lines:
++1.
++11. Gross income related to employment for profit, excluding social security contributions as in paragraph 21:
--* (a) Gross income related to employment for pay, excluding social security contributions as in paragraph 12:
--** total cash remuneration;
--*** total imputed value of remuneration in kind and services;
--*** profit-related pay;
--*** employment-related social security benefits:
--**** received from employer;
--**** received from social security and insurance schemes or the State.
--* (b) Gross income related to employment for profit, excluding social security contributions as in paragraph 21:
++*
  ** gross profit or where relevant gross output less operating expenses;
  ** consumption of fixed capital/depreciation;
  ** net profit (or share of profit);
  ** employment-related social security benefits.
--= Data classification =
++=== Data classification ===
--61. Statistics of employment-related income should be classified by economic activity, status in employment and occupation or occupational group, at least according to the major groups and categories of the most recent version of the relevant international classifications. These statistics should be systematically disaggregated by sex in all analyses. Other important variables for cross-classifications of data on income related to employment for pay or for profit are sex, age, level of education, level of skill, seniority in job and the formal or informal status of the job.
++1. Statistics of employment-related income should be classified by economic activity, status in employment and occupation or occupational group, at least according to the major groups and categories of the most recent version of the relevant international classifications. These statistics should be systematically disaggregated by sex in all analyses. Other important variables for cross-classifications of data on income related to employment for pay or for profit are sex, age, level of education, level of skill, seniority in job and the formal or informal status of the job.
++1. Disaggregations of the main status in employment categories, as defined in ICSE according to the type of economic risk, may be relevant in order to distinguish specific groups such as owner-operators of corporations from employees, employers from other independent workers, permanent employees from temporary, seasonal or casual employees, etc.
++1. In order to measure the relationship between employment and income, account should be taken of all activities performed during the reference year, including simultaneous jobs. The employment experience of individuals during the reference period may be assessed through the identification of periods when they were employed (full or part time), unemployed and out of labour force. At the aggregate level, the main situations may be regrouped into broad categories relevant to the measurement of employment-related wellbeing, such as:
++1*. full-year/full-time employment;
++1*. part-year/part-time employment with no unemployment:
--62. Disaggregations of the main status in employment categories, as defined in ICSE according to the type of economic risk, may be relevant in order to distinguish specific groups such as owner-operators of corporations from employees, employers from other independent workers, permanent employees from temporary, seasonal or casual employees, etc.
++o for voluntary reasons; o for involuntary reasons;
--63. In order to measure the relationship between employment and income, account should be taken of all activities performed during the reference year, including simultaneous jobs. The employment experience of individuals during the reference period may be assessed through the identification of periods when they were employed (full or part time), unemployed and out of labour force. At the aggregate level, the main situations may be regrouped into broad categories relevant to the measurement of employment-related wellbeing, such as:
++1.
++1*. part-year employment with some unemployment; ● mainly unemployment: o with some employment; o without employment;
++1*. mainly out of labour force with some employment.
++1. Further variables may be introduced, such as length of employment, spells and duration of unemployment, etc. Such classifications would permit the identification of the main types of employment-related hardship, the severity of employment problems and the degree of labour force attachment of persons experiencing economic hardship.
--* full-year/full-time employment;
--* part-year/part-time employment with no unemployment:
--** for voluntary reasons;
--** for involuntary reasons;
--* part-year employment with some unemployment;
--** mainly unemployment:
--** with some employment;
--** without employment;
--* mainly out of labour force with some employment.
++=== Periodicity ===
--64. Further variables may be introduced, such as length of employment, spells and duration of unemployment, etc. Such classifications would permit the identification of the main types of employment-related hardship, the severity of employment problems and the degree of labour force attachment of persons experiencing economic hardship.
--
--= Periodicity =
--
 . Countries should endeavour to regularly collect, compile and disseminate statistics of employment-related income at least every five years.
--= Analytical measures =
++=== Analytical measures ===
--66. Statistics of average income related to employment for pay and employment for profit should be compiled per time unit. The time unit in which average employment-related income is expressed, e.g. hour, day, week or month, should depend mainly on how meaningful the figures would be in the country concerned and on the feasibility of data collection. Where possible, estimates of average annual income related to employment for pay and employment for profit should be compiled.
++1. Statistics of average income related to employment for pay and employment for profit should be compiled per time unit. The time unit in which average employment-related income is expressed, e.g. hour, day, week or month, should depend mainly on how meaningful the figures would be in the country concerned and on the feasibility of data collection. Where possible, estimates of average annual income related to employment for pay and employment for profit should be compiled.
++1. Where feasible, estimates of hourly employment-related income should also be developed, based on the annual estimates of income and on the corresponding volume of employment expressed in terms of hours of work and work duration.
--67. Where feasible, estimates of hourly employment-related income should also be developed, based on the annual estimates of income and on the corresponding volume of employment expressed in terms of hours of work and work duration.
++=== Complementary approach to non-measurable benefits ===
--= Complementary approach to non-measurable benefits =
++1. In view of, on the one hand, the importance generally attached to the growth of forms of compensation schemes offering current and deferred entitlements to various benefits to persons in employment for pay (e.g. pensions and health plans, life insurance, flexible benefits and the like), and, on the other hand, the measurement difficulties inherent in the assessment of the value of such entitlements, efforts should be made to conduct surveys of employee benefits, in such a way as to provide data on the incidence and characteristics of the benefits received by persons in employment for pay (e.g. participation requirements, employers' and employees' contributions (where appropriate), health-care deductibles, pension benefit formulas, paid leave provisions, number of beneficiaries). Data should be compiled and published by size of establishment and various employer and employee characteristics (major industry groups, full-time and part-time employment, etc.).
++1. Where relevant, efforts should be made to collect, compile and disseminate similar information on social security and other employment-related benefits which are received by persons employed for profit.
--68. In view of, on the one hand, the importance generally attached to the growth of forms of compensation schemes offering current and deferred entitlements to various benefits to persons in employment for pay (e.g. pensions and health plans, life insurance, flexible benefits and the like), and, on the other hand, the measurement difficulties inherent in the assessment of the value of such entitlements, efforts should be made to conduct surveys of employee benefits, in such a way as to provide data on the incidence and characteristics of the benefits received by persons in employment for pay (e.g. participation requirements, employers' and employees' contributions (where appropriate), health-care deductibles, pension benefit formulas, paid leave provisions, number of beneficiaries). Data should be compiled and published by size of establishment and various employer and employee characteristics (major industry groups, full-time and part-time employment, etc.).
++=== Valuation of the work of contributing family workers ===
--69. Where relevant, efforts should be made to collect, compile and disseminate similar information on social security and other employment-related benefits which are received by persons employed for profit.
++1. In household enterprises, and more generally in employment for profit, activities may be jointly performed by several members of the household without formal or individualized earnings or income. In that case, the profit or mixed income derived by the head of the household enterprise also rewards the participation of contributing family workers (as defined in the most recent version of ICSE) whose participation in the economic activity is of varying duration and intensity and at different levels of responsibility. It is therefore necessary to assess the contribution of these workers, disaggregated at least by sex and age, to the economic development of household enterprises.
++1. Contributing family workers generally have jobs whose occupational content and level of responsibilities differ from that of the owner or partners of the enterprise. The measurement of their participation involves: (i) the measurement of the volume of employment put into the activity, in terms of hours, days, weeks, etc., and (ii) the imputation of an income value to their work. This imputed value can be based on the market rates for equivalent occupations.
++1. Several variants may be calculated, using for instance the minimum wage of certain suitable occupations, or the average wage, by sex and occupation or sector, of substitute workers. Wages may be allocated "gross" or "net". Imputed gross wages (where relevant, including the employer's imputed contributions to social security and similar schemes) can provide an indication of the expense foregone by the head of the household enterprise, while imputed wages net of taxes and social security contributions appear more suitable since the labour of contributing family workers does not usually generate social security contributions.
--= Valuation of the work of contributing family workers =
++=== Data dissemination ===
--70. In household enterprises, and more generally in employment for profit, activities may be jointly performed by several members of the household without formal or individualized earnings or income. In that case, the profit or mixed income derived by the head of the household enterprise also rewards the participation of contributing family workers (as defined in the most recent version of ICSE) whose participation in the economic activity is of varying duration and intensity and at different levels of responsibility. It is therefore necessary to assess the contribution of these workers, disaggregated at least by sex and age, to the economic development of household enterprises.
++1. Where possible, statistics of average income related to employment for pay or profit should be compiled and disseminated regularly, together with information on the quality of the statistics. Detailed descriptions of the concepts and methods used in the compilation of statistics on income related to employment for pay or profit should be disseminated by the responsible statistical office. In particular, the descriptions should mention the nature and types of payments and benefits included in each of the four major groups of components of income related to employment for pay, the types of employment-related benefits received by persons in employment for profit, the source(s) of data and the methodology used in collecting and compiling the statistics on income related to employment for pay or profit.
++1. Dissemination of the statistics of employment-related income should be in accordance with Article 4 of the Labour Statistics Convention, 1985 (No. 160), which protects the confidentiality of information relating to individuals, households, employers, etc.
++1. To facilitate the analysis of the statistical series compiled on income related to employment for pay or profit, the results of surveys on employment-related income should be accompanied by information on the various types of schemes and plans covering persons in employment for pay and profit, in particular on the financing of statutory social security schemes and the coverage of benefits.
++1. The credibility and the relevance of statistics on income related to employment for pay or profit will be increased if they can be disseminated as soon as possible after their compilation, fitted into broader statistical systems (such as the national accounts or labour accounts) and used in connection with relevant demographic and economic time series. Countries should therefore endeavour to develop consistent time series showing income dynamics and revealing vulnerable groups of persons.
++1. Countries which have carried out studies on the level and composition of income related to employment for pay or profit should communicate their results to the International Labour Office in order to facilitate international comparisons and interpretation of the statistics.
--71. Contributing family workers generally have jobs whose occupational content and level of responsibilities differ from that of the owner or partners of the enterprise. The measurement of their participation involves: (i) the measurement of the volume of employment put into the activity, in terms of hours, days, weeks, etc., and (ii) the imputation of an income value to their work. This imputed value can be based on the market rates for equivalent occupations.
++=== Further action ===
--72. Several variants may be calculated, using for instance the minimum wage of certain suitable occupations, or the average wage, by sex and occupation or sector, of substitute workers. Wages may be allocated "gross" or "net". Imputed gross wages (where relevant, including the employer's imputed contributions to social security and similar schemes) can provide an indication of the expense foregone by the head of the household enterprise, while imputed wages net of taxes and social security contributions appear more suitable since the labour of contributing family workers does not usually generate social security contributions.
++1. In view of the complexity of the measurement of income related to employment for pay or profit, special efforts should be made to improve the use of existing sources of data and to enhance surveys in order to increase response rates and obtain the required information as accurately as possible.
++1. The International Labour Office should follow national developments in collecting and compiling statistics of income related to employment for pay or profit, carry out a series of field tests and pilot surveys where relevant, disseminate and evaluate information about the lessons learnt from national experiences, and provide guidance on measurement in line with the contents of this resolution.
++1. The International Labour Office should cooperate, as far as possible, with countries in the development of statistics of income related to employment for pay or profit by providing technical assistance and training. The Office should report to the next ICLS on the implementation of these guidelines.
--= Data dissemination =
--73. Where possible, statistics of average income related to employment for pay or profit should be compiled and disseminated regularly, together with information on the quality of the statistics. Detailed descriptions of the concepts and methods used in the compilation of statistics on income related to employment for pay or profit should be disseminated by the responsible statistical office. In particular, the descriptions should mention the nature and types of payments and benefits included in each of the four major groups of components of income related to employment for pay, the types of employment-related benefits received by persons in employment for profit, the source(s) of data and the methodology used in collecting and compiling the statistics on income related to employment for pay or profit.
--74. Dissemination of the statistics of employment-related income should be in accordance with Article 4 of the Labour Statistics Convention, 1985 (No. 160), which protects the confidentiality of information relating to individuals, households, employers, etc.
--
--75. To facilitate the analysis of the statistical series compiled on income related to employment for pay or profit, the results of surveys on employment-related income should be accompanied by information on the various types of schemes and plans covering persons in employment for pay and profit, in particular on the financing of statutory social security schemes and the coverage of benefits.
--
--76. The credibility and the relevance of statistics on income related to employment for pay or profit will be increased if they can be disseminated as soon as possible after their compilation, fitted into broader statistical systems (such as the national accounts or labour accounts) and used in connection with relevant demographic and economic time series. Countries should therefore endeavour to develop consistent time series showing income dynamics and revealing vulnerable groups of persons.
--
--77. Countries which have carried out studies on the level and composition of income related to employment for pay or profit should communicate their results to the International Labour Office in order to facilitate international comparisons and interpretation of the statistics.
--
--= Further action =
--
--78. In view of the complexity of the measurement of income related to employment for pay or profit, special efforts should be made to improve the use of existing sources of data and to enhance surveys in order to increase response rates and obtain the required information as accurately as possible.
--
--79. The International Labour Office should follow national developments in collecting and compiling statistics of income related to employment for pay or profit, carry out a series of field tests and pilot surveys where relevant, disseminate and evaluate information about the lessons learnt from national experiences, and provide guidance on measurement in line with the contents of this resolution.
--
--80. The International Labour Office should cooperate, as far as possible, with countries in the development of statistics of income related to employment for pay or profit by providing technical assistance and training. The Office should report to the next ICLS on the implementation of these guidelines.
--
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Changes for page Resolution III: Resolution to amend Resolution 16th ICLS concerning the measurement of employment-related income

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