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22 22  
23 23  3. The different items and series of wages and related statistics included in the national programme should be compiled in such a way as to be mutually consistent and reveal the relationships between them. Consistency with other economic and social statistics should also be ensured to the fullest extent possible.
24 24  
25 -4. The current statistics programme should cover: (a) statistics of average [[earnings>>doc:working:Glossary.Earnings.WebHome]] and hours of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) (including, if possible, [[hours actually worked>>doc:working:Glossary.Hours Actually Worked.WebHome]]) and (b) statistics of time [[rates of wages>>doc:working:Glossary.Wage rates.WebHome]] and normal hours of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%).
25 +4. The current statistics programme should cover: (a) statistics of average [[earnings>>doc:working:Glossary.Earnings.WebHome]] and hours of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) (including, if possible, [[hours actually worked>>doc:working:Glossary.Hours Actually Worked.WebHome]]) and (b) statistics of time rates of wages and normal hours of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%).
26 26  
27 27  (ii) The non-current statistics programme should include: (a) statistics of wage structure and distribution and (b) statistics of [[labour cost>>doc:working:Glossary.Labour cost.WebHome]].
28 28  
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42 42  
43 43  10. [[Earnings>>doc:working:Glossary.Earnings.WebHome]] should include: direct wages and salaries, remuneration for time not (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)worked(%%) (excluding severance and termination pay), bonuses and gratuities and housing and family allowances paid by the employer directly to his [[employee>>doc:working:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]].
44 44  
45 -* (a) Direct wages and salaries for time (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)worked(%%), or (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) done, cover: {{{(i)}}} straight-time pay of timerated workers; (ii) incentive pay of time-rated workers; (iii) [[earnings>>doc:working:Glossary.Earnings.WebHome]] of pieceworkers (excluding overtime premiums); (iv) premium pay for overtime, shift, night and holiday (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%); (v) commissions paid to sales and other personnel. Included are: premiums for seniority and special skills, geographical zone differentials, responsibility premiums, dirt, danger and discomfort allowances, payments under guaranteed wage systems, cost-of-living allowances and other regular allowances.
45 +* (a) Direct wages and salaries for time (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)worked(%%), or (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) done, cover: straight-time pay of timerated workers; (ii) incentive pay of time-rated workers; (iii) [[earnings>>doc:working:Glossary.Earnings.WebHome]] of pieceworkers (excluding overtime premiums); (iv) premium pay for overtime, shift, night and holiday (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%); (v) commissions paid to sales and other personnel. Included are: premiums for seniority and special skills, geographical zone differentials, responsibility premiums, dirt, danger and discomfort allowances, payments under guaranteed wage systems, cost-of-living allowances and other regular allowances.
46 46  * (b) Remuneration for time not (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)worked(%%) comprises direct payments to [[employees>>doc:working:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]] in respect of public holidays, annual vacations and other time off with pay granted by the employer.
47 47  * (c) Bonuses and gratuities cover seasonal and end-of-year bonuses, additional payments in respect of vacation period (supplementary to normal pay) and profit-sharing bonuses.
48 48  
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50 50  
51 51  == Wage rates ==
52 52  
53 -~11. The data on time [[rates of wages>>doc:working:Glossary.Wage rates.WebHome]] should relate to an appropriate time period such as the hour, day, week, month or other customary period used for purposes of determining the [[wage rates>>doc:working:Glossary.Wage rates.WebHome]] concerned.
53 +~11. The data on time rates of wages should relate to an appropriate time period such as the hour, day, week, month or other customary period used for purposes of determining the [[wage rates>>doc:working:Glossary.Wage rates.WebHome]] concerned.
54 54  
55 55  12. [[Wage rates>>doc:working:Glossary.Wage rates.WebHome]] should include basic wages, cost-of-living allowances and other guaranteed and regularly paid allowances, but exclude overtime payments, bonuses and gratuities, family allowances and other social security payments made by employers. Ex gratia payments in kind, supplementary to normal [[wage rates>>doc:working:Glossary.Wage rates.WebHome]], are also excluded.
56 56  
57 57  13. Statistics of [[wage rates>>doc:working:Glossary.Wage rates.WebHome]] fixed by or in pursuance of laws or regulations, collective agreements or arbitral awards (which are generally minimum or standard rates) should be clearly distinguished from statistics referring to [[wage rates>>doc:working:Glossary.Wage rates.WebHome]] actually paid to individual workers. Each of these types of [[wage rates>>doc:working:Glossary.Wage rates.WebHome]] is useful for particular purposes.
58 58  
59 -14. Time [[rates of wages>>doc:working:Glossary.Wage rates.WebHome]] for normal periods of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) should be distinguished from special and other rates such as piece rates, overtime rates, premium rates for (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) on holidays and shift rates.
59 +14. Time rates of wages for normal periods of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) should be distinguished from special and other rates such as piece rates, overtime rates, premium rates for (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) on holidays and shift rates.
60 60  
61 61  == Wage payments in kind ==
62 62  
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70 70  
71 71  = Current wages statistics programme =
72 72  
73 -19. The current programme should be designed to provide essential data at frequent intervals in order to measure trends and short-term changes in average [[earnings>>doc:working:Glossary.Earnings.WebHome]], hours of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%), time [[rates of wages>>doc:working:Glossary.Wage rates.WebHome]] and normal hours of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%).
73 +19. The current programme should be designed to provide essential data at frequent intervals in order to measure trends and short-term changes in average [[earnings>>doc:working:Glossary.Earnings.WebHome]], hours of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%), time rates of wages and normal hours of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%).
74 74  
75 75  20. In determining the scope and content of the current programme, the need for speed in the collection and in the processing of data at reasonable cost should be a major consideration.
76 76  
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80 80  
81 81  22. The current programme of statistics of average [[earnings>>doc:working:Glossary.Earnings.WebHome]] and hours of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) should cover all important categories of wage earners and salaried [[employees>>doc:working:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]] in all major economic activities in the country.
82 82  
83 -23. Statistical inquiries on [[earnings>>doc:working:Glossary.Earnings.WebHome]] and hours of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) may often be advantageously combined with a current survey of establishments carried out for purposes of [[employment>>doc:working:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]], using the whole of the sample of establishments or a sub-sample. Some other current surveys may lend themselves to the collection of data on [[earnings>>doc:working:Glossary.Earnings.WebHome]] and hours of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%).
83 +23. Statistical inquiries on [[earnings>>doc:working:Glossary.Earnings.WebHome]] and hours of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) may often be advantageously combined with a current survey of establishments carried out for purposes of employment, using the whole of the sample of establishments or a sub-sample. Some other current surveys may lend themselves to the collection of data on [[earnings>>doc:working:Glossary.Earnings.WebHome]] and hours of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%).
84 84  
85 85  24. While compilation of statistics of average [[earnings>>doc:working:Glossary.Earnings.WebHome]] and hours of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) on a monthly basis is desirable, this imposes a heavy burden on establishments and on statistical offices. On the other hand, half-yearly or annual collection of data does not provide adequate indicators of short-term seasonal variations or trends. As a minimum, the current programme should include the compilation of quarterly statistics of average [[earnings>>doc:working:Glossary.Earnings.WebHome]] and hours of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%).
86 86  
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104 104  
105 105  == Statistics of time rates of wages and normal hours of work ==
106 106  
107 -34. National current statistics programmes should make provision, wherever appropriate, for the compilation of statistics of time [[rates of wages>>doc:working:Glossary.Wage rates.WebHome]] and normal hours of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) covering wage earners in each of the important industries. The statistics may take the form of time [[rates of wages>>doc:working:Glossary.Wage rates.WebHome]] and "normal" hours of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) actually in force in representative establishments or, alternatively, of the rates and normal hours of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) fixed by, or in pursuance of, laws or regulations, collective agreements or arbitral awards. The statistics should be compiled in respect of adult males and adult females in important occupations, or groups of closely related occupations, in each of the principal industries. Wherever appropriate, corresponding statistics should be compiled for the principal occupations among salaried [[employees>>doc:working:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]].
107 +34. National current statistics programmes should make provision, wherever appropriate, for the compilation of statistics of time rates of wages and normal hours of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) covering wage earners in each of the important industries. The statistics may take the form of time rates of wages and "normal" hours of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) actually in force in representative establishments or, alternatively, of the rates and normal hours of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) fixed by, or in pursuance of, laws or regulations, collective agreements or arbitral awards. The statistics should be compiled in respect of adult males and adult females in important occupations, or groups of closely related occupations, in each of the principal industries. Wherever appropriate, corresponding statistics should be compiled for the principal occupations among salaried [[employees>>doc:working:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]].
108 108  
109 -35. For compilation of time [[rates of wages>>doc:working:Glossary.Wage rates.WebHome]] actually paid by establishments and the corresponding hours of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%), sample surveys of establishments normally should be undertaken at yearly intervals in respect of important occupations in the principal industries in the country, wherever the facilities and resources available permit. It is possible to cover the same ground by undertaking an annual cycle of monthly surveys each covering a certain selection of occupational groups. The data thus obtained provide valuable up-to-date information to supplement the results of wage structure and distribution surveys undertaken at longer intervals.
109 +35. For compilation of time rates of wages actually paid by establishments and the corresponding hours of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%), sample surveys of establishments normally should be undertaken at yearly intervals in respect of important occupations in the principal industries in the country, wherever the facilities and resources available permit. It is possible to cover the same ground by undertaking an annual cycle of monthly surveys each covering a certain selection of occupational groups. The data thus obtained provide valuable up-to-date information to supplement the results of wage structure and distribution surveys undertaken at longer intervals.
110 110  
111 -36. Where the statistics of time [[rates of wages>>doc:working:Glossary.Wage rates.WebHome]] do not give the rates per hour but refer to a day, week or other customary period, the statistics of normal hours of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) should relate to an identical period. However, if the data collected refer to days of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%), in place of hours, information also should be obtained on the average duration of the (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)working(%%) day, for purposes of calculating rates per hour.
111 +36. Where the statistics of time rates of wages do not give the rates per hour but refer to a day, week or other customary period, the statistics of normal hours of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) should relate to an identical period. However, if the data collected refer to days of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%), in place of hours, information also should be obtained on the average duration of the (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)working(%%) day, for purposes of calculating rates per hour.
112 112  
113 113  = Statistics of wage structure and distribution =
114 114  
115 -37. Wage structure and distribution surveys, including wage censuses, large-scale ad hoc occupational wage surveys and similar inquiries, provide comprehensive benchmark data for use in the compilation of current statistics of average [[earnings>>doc:working:Glossary.Earnings.WebHome]], hours of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%), time [[rates of wages>>doc:working:Glossary.Wage rates.WebHome]] and normal hours of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) and detailed data permitting the compilation of:
115 +37. Wage structure and distribution surveys, including wage censuses, large-scale ad hoc occupational wage surveys and similar inquiries, provide comprehensive benchmark data for use in the compilation of current statistics of average [[earnings>>doc:working:Glossary.Earnings.WebHome]], hours of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%), time rates of wages and normal hours of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) and detailed data permitting the compilation of:
116 116  
117 117  * (a) statistics of [[wage rates>>doc:working:Glossary.Wage rates.WebHome]], [[earnings>>doc:working:Glossary.Earnings.WebHome]] and hours of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) of wage earners and salaried [[employees>>doc:working:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]] to indicate wage differentials between branches of industry, geographic regions, occupations, males and females, establishments of different sizes and possibly also age groups, educational levels and types of vocational training or qualifications of [[employees>>doc:working:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]];
118 118  * (b) detailed data on the composition and components of [[earnings>>doc:working:Glossary.Earnings.WebHome]] and [[wage rates>>doc:working:Glossary.Wage rates.WebHome]];
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136 136  
137 137  45. For purposes of wage statistics, the agricultural sector should comprise major groups 111 (Agricultural and Livestock Production) and 112 (Agricultural Services) of the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities. In certain circumstances, it may be desirable to compile data separately for each of these major groups.
138 138  
139 -46. As the factors affecting wages, hours of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) and other conditions of [[employment>>doc:working:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]] in hunting, trapping and game propagation (major group 113 of the ISIC), forestry and logging (division 12) and fishing (division 13) are generally different from those concerning agriculture, these activities should normally be excluded from the scope of agricultural wages statistics.
139 +46. As the factors affecting wages, hours of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) and other conditions of employment in hunting, trapping and game propagation (major group 113 of the ISIC), forestry and logging (division 12) and fishing (division 13) are generally different from those concerning agriculture, these activities should normally be excluded from the scope of agricultural wages statistics.
140 140  
141 141  47. The definition of "agricultural (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%)" established for the 1970 World Census of Agriculture should be adopted for the purposes of wages statistics, so far as possible. By agricultural (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) or agricultural activities is meant any farm (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) or planning necessary to the operation of the holding.
142 142  
143 143  48. Wherever possible, separate data should be compiled for permanent or regular [[employees>>doc:working:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]] and others, such as temporary and casual workers.
144 144  
145 -49. In developed countries and for the modern agricultural sector in developing countries, statistics of [[earnings>>doc:working:Glossary.Earnings.WebHome]] based on payrolls and other records of employers should be collected, using the agricultural holding as the reporting unit. However, agricultural [[employees>>doc:working:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]], apart from permanent [[employees>>doc:working:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]], are not necessarily attached to one particular agricultural holding. Notably in developing countries, more especially in the traditional sector of agriculture, prolonged continuous [[employment>>doc:working:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]] with the same employer is relatively rare and, in addition, some workers alternate between (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)working(%%) for wages and self-[[employment>>doc:working:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]], or between agricultural and non-agricultural [[employment>>doc:working:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]]. In such situations, the agricultural holding is not the most suitable reporting unit for collection of certain types of data, especially for comprehensive statistics of average [[earnings>>doc:working:Glossary.Earnings.WebHome]] during the year from agricultural [[employment>>doc:working:Glossary.Employment Work.WebHome]] and for statistics of the corresponding hours (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)worked(%%).
145 +49. In developed countries and for the modern agricultural sector in developing countries, statistics of [[earnings>>doc:working:Glossary.Earnings.WebHome]] based on payrolls and other records of employers should be collected, using the agricultural holding as the reporting unit. However, agricultural [[employees>>doc:working:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]], apart from permanent [[employees>>doc:working:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]], are not necessarily attached to one particular agricultural holding. Notably in developing countries, more especially in the traditional sector of agriculture, prolonged continuous employment with the same employer is relatively rare and, in addition, some workers alternate between (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)working(%%) for wages and self-employment, or between agricultural and non-agricultural employment. In such situations, the agricultural holding is not the most suitable reporting unit for collection of certain types of data, especially for comprehensive statistics of average [[earnings>>doc:working:Glossary.Earnings.WebHome]] during the year from agricultural employment and for statistics of the corresponding hours (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)worked(%%).
146 146  
147 147  50. Statistics of agricultural wages in the traditional subsector may be obtained through household sample surveys. The principal activity criterion should be used for defining agricultural [[employees>>doc:working:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]]. A person would thus be considered to be an agricultural [[employee>>doc:working:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]] if the principal source of the income accrued to him during a specified reference period was agricultural wages.
148 148  
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162 162  
163 163  56. Where a country has a continuing and frequent household sample survey for obtaining [[labour force>>doc:working:Glossary.Labour Force.WebHome]] data, additional information might be collected, at a reasonable cost, on [[earnings>>doc:working:Glossary.Earnings.WebHome]] of agricultural [[employees>>doc:working:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]] and hours or man-days (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)worked(%%). However, attempts to obtain reliable data from this source, in respect of [[earnings>>doc:working:Glossary.Earnings.WebHome]] in agriculture, might encounter sampling and other practical problems.
164 164  
165 -57. Each country which does not regularly compile current statistics of [[earnings>>doc:working:Glossary.Earnings.WebHome]] and hours of man-days in agriculture should undertake surveys of time [[rates of wages>>doc:working:Glossary.Wage rates.WebHome]] actually paid and hours (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)worked(%%) in agricultural establishments, preferably at intervals of not more than six months. These surveys should cover the principal occupations in agriculture.
165 +57. Each country which does not regularly compile current statistics of [[earnings>>doc:working:Glossary.Earnings.WebHome]] and hours of man-days in agriculture should undertake surveys of time rates of wages actually paid and hours (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)worked(%%) in agricultural establishments, preferably at intervals of not more than six months. These surveys should cover the principal occupations in agriculture.
166 166  
167 167  58. Where labour contract rates quoted include both a [[wage rate>>doc:working:Glossary.Wage rates.WebHome]] and hire charges for the worker's own equipment, implements or (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)working(%%) animals, adjustments should be made to exclude the hire charges.
168 168  
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