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Last modified by Helena on 2025/07/31 14:15
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1 -xwiki:XWiki.helena
1 +xwiki:XWiki.arturkryazhev
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1 +Earnings|Employees|Employment Work|Hours Actually Worked|Labour Force|Labour cost|Persons in Employment|Short Reference Period|Time Unit|Wage rates
Content
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22 22  
23 23  3. The different items and series of wages and related statistics included in the national programme should be compiled in such a way as to be mutually consistent and reveal the relationships between them. Consistency with other economic and social statistics should also be ensured to the fullest extent possible.
24 24  
25 -4. The current statistics programme should cover: (a) statistics of average [[earnings>>doc:working:Glossary.Earnings.WebHome]] and hours of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) (including, if possible, [[hours actually worked>>doc:working:Glossary.Hours Actually Worked.WebHome]]) and (b) statistics of time [[rates of wages>>doc:working:Glossary.Wage Rates.WebHome]] and normal hours of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%).
25 +4. The current statistics programme should cover: (a) statistics of average [[earnings>>doc:working:Glossary.Earnings.WebHome]] and hours of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) (including, if possible, [[hours actually worked>>doc:working:Glossary.Hours Actually Worked.WebHome]]) and (b) statistics of time [[rates of wages>>doc:working:Glossary.Wage rates.WebHome]] and normal hours of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%).
26 26  
27 27  (ii) The non-current statistics programme should include: (a) statistics of wage structure and distribution and (b) statistics of [[labour cost>>doc:working:Glossary.Labour Cost.WebHome]].
28 28  
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50 50  
51 51  == Wage rates ==
52 52  
53 -~11. The data on time [[rates of wages>>doc:working:Glossary.Wage Rates.WebHome]] should relate to an appropriate time period such as the hour, day, week, month or other customary period used for purposes of determining the [[wage rates>>doc:working:Glossary.Wage Rates.WebHome]] concerned.
53 +~11. The data on time [[rates of wages>>doc:working:Glossary.Wage rates.WebHome]] should relate to an appropriate time period such as the hour, day, week, month or other customary period used for purposes of determining the [[wage rates>>doc:working:Glossary.Wage rates.WebHome]] concerned.
54 54  
55 -12. [[Wage rates>>doc:working:Glossary.Wage Rates.WebHome]] should include basic wages, cost-of-living allowances and other guaranteed and regularly paid allowances, but exclude overtime payments, bonuses and gratuities, family allowances and other social security payments made by employers. Ex gratia payments in kind, supplementary to normal [[wage rates>>doc:working:Glossary.Wage Rates.WebHome]], are also excluded.
55 +12. [[Wage rates>>doc:working:Glossary.Wage rates.WebHome]] should include basic wages, cost-of-living allowances and other guaranteed and regularly paid allowances, but exclude overtime payments, bonuses and gratuities, family allowances and other social security payments made by employers. Ex gratia payments in kind, supplementary to normal [[wage rates>>doc:working:Glossary.Wage rates.WebHome]], are also excluded.
56 56  
57 -13. Statistics of [[wage rates>>doc:working:Glossary.Wage Rates.WebHome]] fixed by or in pursuance of laws or regulations, collective agreements or arbitral awards (which are generally minimum or standard rates) should be clearly distinguished from statistics referring to [[wage rates>>doc:working:Glossary.Wage Rates.WebHome]] actually paid to individual workers. Each of these types of [[wage rates>>doc:working:Glossary.Wage Rates.WebHome]] is useful for particular purposes.
57 +13. Statistics of [[wage rates>>doc:working:Glossary.Wage rates.WebHome]] fixed by or in pursuance of laws or regulations, collective agreements or arbitral awards (which are generally minimum or standard rates) should be clearly distinguished from statistics referring to [[wage rates>>doc:working:Glossary.Wage rates.WebHome]] actually paid to individual workers. Each of these types of [[wage rates>>doc:working:Glossary.Wage rates.WebHome]] is useful for particular purposes.
58 58  
59 -14. Time [[rates of wages>>doc:working:Glossary.Wage Rates.WebHome]] for normal periods of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) should be distinguished from special and other rates such as piece rates, overtime rates, premium rates for (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) on holidays and shift rates.
59 +14. Time [[rates of wages>>doc:working:Glossary.Wage rates.WebHome]] for normal periods of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) should be distinguished from special and other rates such as piece rates, overtime rates, premium rates for (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) on holidays and shift rates.
60 60  
61 61  == Wage payments in kind ==
62 62  
63 63  15. In view of the dual nature of wages as cost to the employer and [[earnings>>doc:working:Glossary.Earnings.WebHome]] of the [[employee>>doc:working:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]], it may be necessary to evaluate wage payments in kind according to both of these concepts.
64 64  
65 -16. In principle, for [[earnings>>doc:working:Glossary.Earnings.WebHome]] statistics, payment in kind should be measured on the basis of the value accrued to the [[employee>>doc:working:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]], since [[earnings>>doc:working:Glossary.Earnings.WebHome]] refer to the remuneration or income of a specified group of employed persons, whereas for statistics of [[wage rates>>doc:working:Glossary.Wage Rates.WebHome]] and [[labour cost>>doc:working:Glossary.Labour Cost.WebHome]] the evaluation should be done on the basis of cost to the employer since these data refer to the cost of units of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) time.
65 +16. In principle, for [[earnings>>doc:working:Glossary.Earnings.WebHome]] statistics, payment in kind should be measured on the basis of the value accrued to the [[employee>>doc:working:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]], since [[earnings>>doc:working:Glossary.Earnings.WebHome]] refer to the remuneration or income of a specified group of employed persons, whereas for statistics of [[wage rates>>doc:working:Glossary.Wage rates.WebHome]] and [[labour cost>>doc:working:Glossary.Labour Cost.WebHome]] the evaluation should be done on the basis of cost to the employer since these data refer to the cost of units of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) time.
66 66  
67 67  17. Evaluation of remuneration received in kind on the basis of retail market prices generally provides a reasonable estimate of the value accrued to the [[employee>>doc:working:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]]. This method is frequently followed when income data, including wages, are collected through household surveys.
68 68  
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70 70  
71 71  = Current wages statistics programme =
72 72  
73 -19. The current programme should be designed to provide essential data at frequent intervals in order to measure trends and short-term changes in average [[earnings>>doc:working:Glossary.Earnings.WebHome]], hours of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%), time [[rates of wages>>doc:working:Glossary.Wage Rates.WebHome]] and normal hours of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%).
73 +19. The current programme should be designed to provide essential data at frequent intervals in order to measure trends and short-term changes in average [[earnings>>doc:working:Glossary.Earnings.WebHome]], hours of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%), time [[rates of wages>>doc:working:Glossary.Wage rates.WebHome]] and normal hours of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%).
74 74  
75 75  20. In determining the scope and content of the current programme, the need for speed in the collection and in the processing of data at reasonable cost should be a major consideration.
76 76  
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104 104  
105 105  == Statistics of time rates of wages and normal hours of work ==
106 106  
107 -34. National current statistics programmes should make provision, wherever appropriate, for the compilation of statistics of time [[rates of wages>>doc:working:Glossary.Wage Rates.WebHome]] and normal hours of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) covering wage earners in each of the important industries. The statistics may take the form of time [[rates of wages>>doc:working:Glossary.Wage Rates.WebHome]] and "normal" hours of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) actually in force in representative establishments or, alternatively, of the rates and normal hours of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) fixed by, or in pursuance of, laws or regulations, collective agreements or arbitral awards. The statistics should be compiled in respect of adult males and adult females in important occupations, or groups of closely related occupations, in each of the principal industries. Wherever appropriate, corresponding statistics should be compiled for the principal occupations among salaried [[employees>>doc:working:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]].
107 +34. National current statistics programmes should make provision, wherever appropriate, for the compilation of statistics of time [[rates of wages>>doc:working:Glossary.Wage rates.WebHome]] and normal hours of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) covering wage earners in each of the important industries. The statistics may take the form of time [[rates of wages>>doc:working:Glossary.Wage rates.WebHome]] and "normal" hours of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) actually in force in representative establishments or, alternatively, of the rates and normal hours of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) fixed by, or in pursuance of, laws or regulations, collective agreements or arbitral awards. The statistics should be compiled in respect of adult males and adult females in important occupations, or groups of closely related occupations, in each of the principal industries. Wherever appropriate, corresponding statistics should be compiled for the principal occupations among salaried [[employees>>doc:working:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]].
108 108  
109 -35. For compilation of time [[rates of wages>>doc:working:Glossary.Wage Rates.WebHome]] actually paid by establishments and the corresponding hours of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%), sample surveys of establishments normally should be undertaken at yearly intervals in respect of important occupations in the principal industries in the country, wherever the facilities and resources available permit. It is possible to cover the same ground by undertaking an annual cycle of monthly surveys each covering a certain selection of occupational groups. The data thus obtained provide valuable up-to-date information to supplement the results of wage structure and distribution surveys undertaken at longer intervals.
109 +35. For compilation of time [[rates of wages>>doc:working:Glossary.Wage rates.WebHome]] actually paid by establishments and the corresponding hours of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%), sample surveys of establishments normally should be undertaken at yearly intervals in respect of important occupations in the principal industries in the country, wherever the facilities and resources available permit. It is possible to cover the same ground by undertaking an annual cycle of monthly surveys each covering a certain selection of occupational groups. The data thus obtained provide valuable up-to-date information to supplement the results of wage structure and distribution surveys undertaken at longer intervals.
110 110  
111 -36. Where the statistics of time [[rates of wages>>doc:working:Glossary.Wage Rates.WebHome]] do not give the rates per hour but refer to a day, week or other customary period, the statistics of normal hours of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) should relate to an identical period. However, if the data collected refer to days of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%), in place of hours, information also should be obtained on the average duration of the (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)working(%%) day, for purposes of calculating rates per hour.
111 +36. Where the statistics of time [[rates of wages>>doc:working:Glossary.Wage rates.WebHome]] do not give the rates per hour but refer to a day, week or other customary period, the statistics of normal hours of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) should relate to an identical period. However, if the data collected refer to days of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%), in place of hours, information also should be obtained on the average duration of the (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)working(%%) day, for purposes of calculating rates per hour.
112 112  
113 113  = Statistics of wage structure and distribution =
114 114  
115 -37. Wage structure and distribution surveys, including wage censuses, large-scale ad hoc occupational wage surveys and similar inquiries, provide comprehensive benchmark data for use in the compilation of current statistics of average [[earnings>>doc:working:Glossary.Earnings.WebHome]], hours of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%), time [[rates of wages>>doc:working:Glossary.Wage Rates.WebHome]] and normal hours of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) and detailed data permitting the compilation of:
115 +37. Wage structure and distribution surveys, including wage censuses, large-scale ad hoc occupational wage surveys and similar inquiries, provide comprehensive benchmark data for use in the compilation of current statistics of average [[earnings>>doc:working:Glossary.Earnings.WebHome]], hours of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%), time [[rates of wages>>doc:working:Glossary.Wage rates.WebHome]] and normal hours of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) and detailed data permitting the compilation of:
116 116  
117 -* (a) statistics of [[wage rates>>doc:working:Glossary.Wage Rates.WebHome]], [[earnings>>doc:working:Glossary.Earnings.WebHome]] and hours of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) of wage earners and salaried [[employees>>doc:working:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]] to indicate wage differentials between branches of industry, geographic regions, occupations, males and females, establishments of different sizes and possibly also age groups, educational levels and types of vocational training or qualifications of [[employees>>doc:working:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]];
118 -* (b) detailed data on the composition and components of [[earnings>>doc:working:Glossary.Earnings.WebHome]] and [[wage rates>>doc:working:Glossary.Wage Rates.WebHome]];
119 -* (c) statistics showing the distribution of wage earners and salaried [[employees>>doc:working:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]] according to levels of [[wage rates>>doc:working:Glossary.Wage Rates.WebHome]], [[earnings>>doc:working:Glossary.Earnings.WebHome]] and hours of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) respectively, classified by various important characteristics of [[employees>>doc:working:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]].
117 +* (a) statistics of [[wage rates>>doc:working:Glossary.Wage rates.WebHome]], [[earnings>>doc:working:Glossary.Earnings.WebHome]] and hours of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) of wage earners and salaried [[employees>>doc:working:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]] to indicate wage differentials between branches of industry, geographic regions, occupations, males and females, establishments of different sizes and possibly also age groups, educational levels and types of vocational training or qualifications of [[employees>>doc:working:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]];
118 +* (b) detailed data on the composition and components of [[earnings>>doc:working:Glossary.Earnings.WebHome]] and [[wage rates>>doc:working:Glossary.Wage rates.WebHome]];
119 +* (c) statistics showing the distribution of wage earners and salaried [[employees>>doc:working:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]] according to levels of [[wage rates>>doc:working:Glossary.Wage rates.WebHome]], [[earnings>>doc:working:Glossary.Earnings.WebHome]] and hours of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) respectively, classified by various important characteristics of [[employees>>doc:working:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]].
120 120  
121 121  38. Sample surveys of establishments generally constitute the most suitable means for collection of data on wage structure and distribution. It is particularly important that the design and size of the sample of establishments be adequate and in particular that all sizes of establishments within the scope of the survey, all industries and regions should be correctly represented.
122 122  
123 -39. In principle, all categories of wage earners and salaried [[employees>>doc:working:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]], including full time and part time, permanent and temporary, should be covered in the survey. Information may be obtained in respect of all eligible [[employees>>doc:working:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]] in the selected establishments, or a representative sample of these [[employees>>doc:working:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]]. The information collected concerning each [[employee>>doc:working:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]] should include [[wage rates>>doc:working:Glossary.Wage Rates.WebHome]], [[earnings>>doc:working:Glossary.Earnings.WebHome]], hours of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%), age, sex, occupation and, if possible, education, vocational training or qualification, period of service and, where desired, other relevant particulars. Managerial staff remunerated predominantly by a share of profits should be excluded.
123 +39. In principle, all categories of wage earners and salaried [[employees>>doc:working:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]], including full time and part time, permanent and temporary, should be covered in the survey. Information may be obtained in respect of all eligible [[employees>>doc:working:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]] in the selected establishments, or a representative sample of these [[employees>>doc:working:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]]. The information collected concerning each [[employee>>doc:working:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]] should include [[wage rates>>doc:working:Glossary.Wage rates.WebHome]], [[earnings>>doc:working:Glossary.Earnings.WebHome]], hours of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%), age, sex, occupation and, if possible, education, vocational training or qualification, period of service and, where desired, other relevant particulars. Managerial staff remunerated predominantly by a share of profits should be excluded.
124 124  
125 125  40. In view of the breadth and complexity of wage structure and distribution surveys, countries which undertake them should normally do so only at three- to five-year intervals.
126 126  
127 127  41. Although a time reference period of one year is ideal for certain data collected in wage structure and distribution surveys, in practice it is usually necessary to select a [[shorter reference period>>doc:working:Glossary.Short Reference Period.WebHome]] considered to be sufficiently representative for the purpose of obtaining data on [[earnings>>doc:working:Glossary.Earnings.WebHome]] as well as other items.
128 128  
129 -42. Data on the composition of [[earnings>>doc:working:Glossary.Earnings.WebHome]] and [[wage rates>>doc:working:Glossary.Wage Rates.WebHome]] should be consistent with the classification of components of [[earnings>>doc:working:Glossary.Earnings.WebHome]] mentioned in paragraph 10. Supplementary information may be collected on the scales for piece rates, overtime rates, premium rates for (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) on holidays, shift differentials and similar payments.
129 +42. Data on the composition of [[earnings>>doc:working:Glossary.Earnings.WebHome]] and [[wage rates>>doc:working:Glossary.Wage rates.WebHome]] should be consistent with the classification of components of [[earnings>>doc:working:Glossary.Earnings.WebHome]] mentioned in paragraph 10. Supplementary information may be collected on the scales for piece rates, overtime rates, premium rates for (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) on holidays, shift differentials and similar payments.
130 130  
131 -43. Statistics of [[wage rates>>doc:working:Glossary.Wage Rates.WebHome]], [[earnings>>doc:working:Glossary.Earnings.WebHome]] and hours of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) by occupation should be compiled in as much detail as possible.
131 +43. Statistics of [[wage rates>>doc:working:Glossary.Wage rates.WebHome]], [[earnings>>doc:working:Glossary.Earnings.WebHome]] and hours of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) by occupation should be compiled in as much detail as possible.
132 132  
133 133  = Agricultural wages statistics =
134 134  
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148 148  
149 149  == Programme of agricultural wages statistics ==
150 150  
151 -51. National programmes of current and non-current agricultural wages statistics should be developed within the framework of an integrated system covering statistics of [[earnings>>doc:working:Glossary.Earnings.WebHome]], [[wage rates>>doc:working:Glossary.Wage Rates.WebHome]], hours of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) and [[labour cost>>doc:working:Glossary.Labour Cost.WebHome]], so far as possible. Since the resources required for the production of agricultural wages statistics are substantial, particularly in developing countries, priorities should be carefully determined to ensure smooth and satisfactory progress of the national programme of wages statistics.
151 +51. National programmes of current and non-current agricultural wages statistics should be developed within the framework of an integrated system covering statistics of [[earnings>>doc:working:Glossary.Earnings.WebHome]], [[wage rates>>doc:working:Glossary.Wage rates.WebHome]], hours of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)work(%%) and [[labour cost>>doc:working:Glossary.Labour Cost.WebHome]], so far as possible. Since the resources required for the production of agricultural wages statistics are substantial, particularly in developing countries, priorities should be carefully determined to ensure smooth and satisfactory progress of the national programme of wages statistics.
152 152  
153 153  52. In the developing countries, in order to take account of the problems specific to them, separate subprogrammes of wages statistics should be developed for traditional and organised agriculture, where different methods and data collection techniques are needed. So far as possible, the data collected in the two subsectors should be suitable for combination to produce statistics for the agricultural sector as a whole.
154 154  
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162 162  
163 163  56. Where a country has a continuing and frequent household sample survey for obtaining [[labour force>>doc:working:Glossary.Labour Force.WebHome]] data, additional information might be collected, at a reasonable cost, on [[earnings>>doc:working:Glossary.Earnings.WebHome]] of agricultural [[employees>>doc:working:Glossary.Employees.WebHome]] and hours or man-days (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)worked(%%). However, attempts to obtain reliable data from this source, in respect of [[earnings>>doc:working:Glossary.Earnings.WebHome]] in agriculture, might encounter sampling and other practical problems.
164 164  
165 -57. Each country which does not regularly compile current statistics of [[earnings>>doc:working:Glossary.Earnings.WebHome]] and hours of man-days in agriculture should undertake surveys of time [[rates of wages>>doc:working:Glossary.Wage Rates.WebHome]] actually paid and hours (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)worked(%%) in agricultural establishments, preferably at intervals of not more than six months. These surveys should cover the principal occupations in agriculture.
165 +57. Each country which does not regularly compile current statistics of [[earnings>>doc:working:Glossary.Earnings.WebHome]] and hours of man-days in agriculture should undertake surveys of time [[rates of wages>>doc:working:Glossary.Wage rates.WebHome]] actually paid and hours (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)worked(%%) in agricultural establishments, preferably at intervals of not more than six months. These surveys should cover the principal occupations in agriculture.
166 166  
167 -58. Where labour contract rates quoted include both a [[wage rate>>doc:working:Glossary.Wage Rates.WebHome]] and hire charges for the worker's own equipment, implements or (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)working(%%) animals, adjustments should be made to exclude the hire charges.
167 +58. Where labour contract rates quoted include both a [[wage rate>>doc:working:Glossary.Wage rates.WebHome]] and hire charges for the worker's own equipment, implements or (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)working(%%) animals, adjustments should be made to exclude the hire charges.
168 168  
169 169  == Non-current agricultural wages statistics ==
170 170