Changes for page Resolution concerning statistics of occupational injuries (resulting from occupational accidents)
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... ... @@ -18,91 +18,89 @@ 18 18 19 19 = General objectives and uses = 20 20 21 -~1. Each country should aim to develop a comprehensive programme of statistics on occupational safety and health, including occupational diseases and occupational injuries. The objective of this programme would be to provide an adequate statistical base for the various users, taking into account the specific national needs and circumstances. One of the major components of the programme should comprise statistics on occupational injuries, which should be based on a range of sources of information, and which may be used in conjunction with other appropriate economic and social indicators. 21 +1. Each country should aim to develop a comprehensive programme of statistics on occupational safety and health, including occupational diseases and occupational injuries. The objective of this programme would be to provide an adequate statistical base for the various users, taking into account the specific national needs and circumstances. One of the major components of the programme should comprise statistics on occupational injuries, which should be based on a range of sources of information, and which may be used in conjunction with other appropriate economic and social indicators. 22 +1. This resolution aims to set out standards of good practice for the collection and presentation of statistics of occupational injuries as guidance for countries wishing to revise their existing statistical systems in this field, or establish new ones. Its provisions should not undermine any existing national systems, nor should they lead to duplication of effort. 23 +1. The principal objective of the statistics is to provide comprehensive and timely information on occupational injuries for prevention purposes. The statistics may be used for a number of purposes, such as: 22 22 23 -2. This resolution aims to set out standards of good practice for the collection and presentation of statistics of occupational injuries as guidance for countries wishing to revise their existing statistical systems in this field, or establish new ones. Its provisions should not undermine any existing national systems, nor should they lead to duplication of effort. 25 +1. to identify the occupations and economic activities where occupational injuries occur, along with their extent, severity and the way in which they occur, as a basis for planning preventive measures; 26 +1. to set priorities for preventive efforts; 27 +1. to detect changes in the pattern and occurrence of occupational injuries, so as to monitor improvements in safety and reveal any new areas of risk; 28 +1. to inform employers, employers’ organizations, workers and workers’ organizations of the risks associated with their work and workplaces, so that they can take an active part in their own safety; 29 +1. to evaluate the effectiveness of preventive measures; 30 +1. to estimate the consequences of occupational injuries, particularly in terms of days lost or costs; 31 +1. to provide a basis for policy-making aimed at encouraging employers, employers’ organizations, workers and workers’ organizations to introduce accident prevention measures; (h) to assist in developing training material and programmes for accident prevention; (i) to provide a basis for identifying possible areas for future research. 24 24 25 -3. The principal objective of the statistics is to provide comprehensive and timely information on occupational injuries for prevention purposes. The statistics may be used for a number of purposes, such as: 26 - 27 -* (a) to identify the occupations and economic activities where occupational injuries occur, along with their extent, severity and the way in which they occur, as a basis for planning preventive measures; 28 -* (b) to set priorities for preventive efforts; 29 -* (c) to detect changes in the pattern and occurrence of occupational injuries, so as to monitor improvements in safety and reveal any new areas of risk; 30 -* (d) to inform employers, employers’ organizations, workers and workers’ organizations of the risks associated with their work and workplaces, so that they can take an active part in their own safety; 31 -* (e) to evaluate the effectiveness of preventive measures; 32 -* (f) to estimate the consequences of occupational injuries, particularly in terms of days lost or costs; 33 -* (g) to provide a basis for policy-making aimed at encouraging employers, employers’ organizations, workers and workers’ organizations to introduce accident prevention measures; 34 -* (h) to assist in developing training material and programmes for accident prevention; 35 -* (i ) to provide a basis for identifying possible areas for future research. 36 - 37 37 4. The major users of the statistics, including the representative organizations of employers and workers, should be consulted when the concepts, definitions and methodology for the collection, compilation and dissemination of the statistics are designed or revised, with a view to taking into account their needs and obtaining their cooperation. 38 38 39 39 = Terms and definitions = 40 40 41 -5. For the purposes of statistics of occupational injuries, the following terms and definitions are used: 37 +5. For the purposes of statistics of occupational injuries, the following terms and definitions are used: 42 42 43 - *(a)//occupational accident//: an unexpected and unplanned occurrence, including acts of violence, arising out of or in connection with work which results in one or more workers incurring a personal injury, disease or death; as occupational accidents are to be considered travel, transport or road traffic accidents in which workers are injured and which arise out of or in the course of work, i.e. while engaged in an economic activity, or at work, or carrying on the business of the employer;44 - *(b)//commuting accident//: an accident occurring on the habitual route, in either direction, between the place of work or work-related training and:45 - **(i )the worker’s principal or secondary residence;46 - **(ii)the place where the worker usually takes his or her meals; or (iii) the place where he or she usually receives his or her remuneration; which results in death or personal injury;47 - *(c)//occupational injury//: any personal injury, disease or death resulting from an occupational accident; an occupational injury is therefore distinct from an occupational disease, which is a disease contracted as a result of an exposure over a period of time to risk factors arising from work activity;48 - *(d)//case of occupational injury//: the case of one worker incurring an occupational injury as a result of one occupational accident;49 - *(e)//incapacity for work//: inability of the victim, due to an occupational injury, to perform the normal duties of work in the job or post occupied at the time of the occupational accident.39 +1. //occupational accident//: an unexpected and unplanned occurrence, including acts of violence, arising out of or in connection with work which results in one or more workers incurring a personal injury, disease or death; as occupational accidents are to be considered travel, transport or road traffic accidents in which workers are injured and which arise out of or in the course of work, i.e. while engaged in an economic activity, or at work, or carrying on the business of the employer; 40 +1. //commuting accident//: an accident occurring on the habitual route, in either direction, between the place of work or work-related training and: 41 +11. the worker’s principal or secondary residence; 42 +11. the place where the worker usually takes his or her meals; or (iii) the place where he or she usually receives his or her remuneration; which results in death or personal injury; 43 +1. //occupational injury//: any personal injury, disease or death resulting from an occupational accident; an occupational injury is therefore distinct from an occupational disease, which is a disease contracted as a result of an exposure over a period of time to risk factors arising from work activity; 44 +1. //case of occupational injury//: the case of one worker incurring an occupational injury as a result of one occupational accident; 45 +1. //incapacity for work//: inability of the victim, due to an occupational injury, to perform the normal duties of work in the job or post occupied at the time of the occupational accident. 50 50 51 51 = Coverage = 52 52 53 -6. The various sources of statistics should, where practical, cover all occupational injuries, as defined in paragraph 5, including non-fatal injuries causing an absence from work of at least one day, excluding the day of the accident, and fatal injuries. Where it is practical and considered relevant to include injuries resulting from commuting accidents, the information relating to them should be compiled and disseminated separately. 49 +1. The various sources of statistics should, where practical, cover all occupational injuries, as defined in paragraph 5, including non-fatal injuries causing an absence from work of at least one day, excluding the day of the accident, and fatal injuries. Where it is practical and considered relevant to include injuries resulting from commuting accidents, the information relating to them should be compiled and disseminated separately. 50 +1. Where practical, the statistics should cover all workers regardless of their status in employment (for example, employee, employer and own-account worker). The coverage should include child workers,[[^^~[1~]^^>>path:#_ftn1]] informal sector workers and homeworkers, where they exist. 51 +1. The statistics should in principle cover the whole country, all branches of economic activity and all sectors of the economy. A case of occupational injury occurring while a worker is outside the country of normal residence should be included in the statistics of the country within whose jurisdiction the accident took place. 54 54 55 -7. Where practical, the statistics should cover all workers regardless of their status in employment (for example, employee, employer and own-account worker). The coverage should include child workers,[[(% class="wikiinternallink" %)^^~[1~]^^>>path:#_ftn1]](%%) informal sector workers and homeworkers, where they exist. 56 - 57 -8. The statistics should in principle cover the whole country, all branches of economic activity and all sectors of the economy. A case of occupational injury occurring while a worker is outside the country of normal residence should be included in the statistics of the country within whose jurisdiction the accident took place. 58 - 59 59 = Types of data = 60 60 61 61 9. Countries should aim to collect the following types of information regarding cases of occupational injury: 62 62 63 -* (a) information about the enterprise, establishment or local unit: 64 -** (i ) location; 65 -** (ii) economic activity; 66 -** (iii) size (number of workers); 67 -* (b) information about the person injured: 68 -** (i ) sex; 69 -** (ii) age; 70 -** (iii) occupation; 71 -** (iv) status in employment; 72 -* (c) information about the injury: 73 -** (i ) whether fatal or non-fatal; 74 -** (ii) type of injury; 75 -** (iii) part of body injured; 76 -* (d) information about the accident and its circumstances: 77 -** (i ) type of location of the accident: //such as the usual workplace, another place within the establishment, outside the premises of the establishment//; 78 -** (ii) date and time of the accident; 79 -** (iii) mode of injury: //how the person was injured by a physical contact with an item or object which caused the injury or was psychologically affected by an event; if there are several injuries, the mode of the most serious injury should be recorded//; 80 -** (iv)material agency of injury: //the item, agent, object or product associated with the injury, i.e. the physical tool, object, element, etc. with which the victim came into contact and was injured by; if there are several injuries, the material agency associated with the most serious injury should be recorded.// 57 +1. information about the enterprise, establishment or local unit: 58 +11. location; 59 +11. economic activity; (iii) size (number of workers); 60 +1. information about the person injured: 61 +11. sex; 62 +11. age; 63 +11. occupation; (iv) status in employment; (c) information about the injury: 81 81 65 +1. 66 +11. whether fatal or non-fatal; 67 +11. type of injury; 68 +11. part of body injured; 69 + 70 +(d) information about the accident and its circumstances: 71 + 72 +1. type of location of the accident: //such as the usual workplace, another place within the establishment, outside the premises of the establishment//; 73 +1. date and time of the accident; 74 +1. mode of injury: //how the person was injured by a physical contact with an item or object which caused the injury or was psychologically affected by an event; if there are several injuries, the mode of the most serious injury should be recorded//; 75 +1. material agency of injury: //the item, agent, object or product associated with the injury, i.e.// 76 + 77 +//the physical tool, object, element, etc. with which the victim came into contact and was injured by; if there are several injuries, the material agency associated with the most serious injury should be recorded.// 78 + 82 82 10. The programme of statistics can include studies to assess the value of further information as, for example, given below. Countries which thus find this or other information useful could continue to develop their programme of statistics further, especially for more serious cases of occupational injuries and fatalities. 83 83 84 -* (a) information about the injury: 85 -** (i) incapacity for work expressed in calendar days of absence from work; 86 -* (b) information about the accident and its circumstances: 87 -** (i ) shift, start time of work of the injured person and hours worked in the activity when the accident occurred; 88 -** (ii) the total number of workers injured in the accident; 89 -** (iii) place of occurrence: //the type of place where the accident occurred, such as a production or construction area, trade or service area, farm, street or highway//; 90 -** (iv) work process in which the injured person was engaged when the accident occurred: //the main type or kind of work being carried out by the victim during the period up to the accident (this is a subset of the tasks covered by the occupation of the victim), such as setting up machines, cleaning of working area, teaching//; 91 -** (v) specific activity of the injured person at the time of the accident: //the activity actually being carried out by the victim when the accident occurred; the duration of the activity may range from very short to long; it may or may not be associated with an item or object, such as feeding the machine, operating transport equipment, carrying loads//; 92 -** (vi) material agency associated with the specific activity of the injured person: //the tool, object, element, product, etc., used by the victim in the specific activity when the accident happened (this may not necessarily be implicated in the accident), such as floors, doors, hand tools, mobile cranes;// 93 -** (vii) deviation which resulted in the accident: //what occurred in an abnormal way, deviating from the normal way of working or the normal process, i.e. what went wrong, the event leading to the accident, such as breakage, loss of control of machine, fall of person, aggression; if there are several interlinked or successive events, the last one should be recorded;// 94 -** (viii) material agency associated with the deviation: //the tool, object, element, product, etc. linked with what occurred in an abnormal way, such as floors, doors, hand tools, mobile cranes.// 81 +(a) information about the injury: 95 95 83 +(i) incapacity for work expressed in calendar days of absence from work; (b) information about the accident and its circumstances: 84 + 85 +1. shift, start time of work of the injured person and hours worked in the activity when the accident occurred; 86 +1. the total number of workers injured in the accident; 87 +1. place of occurrence: //the type of place where the accident occurred, such as a production or construction area, trade or service area, farm, street or highway//; 88 +1. work process in which the injured person was engaged when the accident occurred: //the main type or kind of work being carried out by the victim during the period up to the accident (this is a subset of the tasks covered by the occupation of the victim), such as setting up machines, cleaning of working area, teaching//; 89 +1. specific activity of the injured person at the time of the accident: //the activity actually being carried out by the victim when the accident occurred; the duration of the activity may range from very short to long; it may or may not be associated with an item or object, such as feeding the machine, operating transport equipment, carrying loads//; 90 +1. material agency associated with the specific activity of the injured person: //the tool, object, element, product, etc., used by the victim in the specific activity when the accident happened (this may not necessarily be implicated in the accident), such as floors, doors, hand tools, mobile cranes;// 91 +1. deviation which resulted in the accident: //what occurred in an abnormal way, deviating from the normal way of working or the normal process, i.e. what went wrong, the event leading to the accident, such as breakage, loss of control of machine, fall of person, aggression; if there are several interlinked or successive events, the last one should be recorded;// 92 +1. material agency associated with the deviation: //the tool, object, element, product, etc. linked with what occurred in an abnormal way, such as floors, doors, hand tools, mobile cranes.// 93 + 96 96 ~11. Where injuries due to commuting accidents are covered, information corresponding to that provided for in paragraph 9 should be collected, as well as the following: 97 97 98 - *(a)place of accident;99 - *(b)the injured person’s mode of transport;100 - *(c)the injured person’s transport role;101 - *(d)the mode of transport of the counterpart (if any).96 +1. place of accident; 97 +1. the injured person’s mode of transport; 98 +1. the injured person’s transport role; 99 +1. the mode of transport of the counterpart (if any). 102 102 103 103 = Measurement = 104 104 105 - ==//Occupational injury//==103 +//Occupational injury// 106 106 107 107 1. The unit of observation should be the //case of occupational injury//, i.e. the case of one worker incurring an occupational injury as a result of one occupational accident. If a person is injured in more than one occupational accident during the reference period, each case of injury to that person should be counted separately. Recurrent absences due to an injury resulting from a single occupational accident should be treated as the continuation of the same case of occupational injury, not as new cases. Where more than one person is injured in a single accident, each case of occupational injury should be counted separately. 108 108 ... ... @@ -175,11 +175,11 @@ 175 175 27. The data should be classified at least according to major branch of economic activity and as far as possible according to other significant characteristics of persons injured, of enterprises or establishments, of occupational injuries and of occupational accidents for which information is collected in accordance with paragraph 9. Countries should attempt to use classifications that are either comparable with or can be related to the most recent versions of the relevant international classifications, where these exist. Annexes A to F provide the most recent versions of the international classifications below, up to the second level, where available. It may however be desirable, for accident prevention purposes, for countries to classify their data at a greater level of detail. 176 176 177 177 * //International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities// (ISIC), Revision 3 (1990). 178 -* Classification according to employment size of establishments, as in the// 176 +* Classification according to employment size of establishments, as in the// International Recommendations for Industrial Statistics, //Rev. 1 (1983). 179 179 * //International Standard Classification of Occupations, ISCO-88.// 180 180 * //International Classification of Status in Employment, ICSE-93.// 181 181 * Type of injury, from the //International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, ICD-10 (//1992). 182 -* Part of body injured, from the// 180 +* Part of body injured, from the// International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, ICD-10 (//1992). 183 183 184 184 The ILO should develop and disseminate classifications to replace or supplement the existing schemes adopted by the Tenth ICLS in 1962 for the variables listed below: 185 185 ... ... @@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ 209 209 210 210 Classification of economic activities 211 211 212 -= International S tandard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities, Revision 3 [[ (% class="wikiinternallink" %)^^~[2~]^^>>path:#_ftn2]](%%)(tabulation categories and divisions) =210 += International S tandard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities, Revision 3 [[^^~[2~]^^>>path:#_ftn2]](tabulation categories and divisions) = 213 213 214 214 **Code Designation** 215 215 ... ... @@ -313,7 +313,7 @@ 313 313 314 314 = Classification according to size of enterprise, establishment or local unit = 315 315 316 -The following size classes, expressed in terms of the average number of persons engaged in the enterprise, establishment or local unit are based on those recommended for international comparisons in the 1983 World Programme of Industrial Statistics.[[ (% class="wikiinternallink" %)^^~[3~]^^>>path:#_ftn3]](%%)For national purposes, ranges should be established according to each country’s circumstances and needs.314 +The following size classes, expressed in terms of the average number of persons engaged in the enterprise, establishment or local unit are based on those recommended for international comparisons in the 1983 World Programme of Industrial Statistics.[[^^~[3~]^^>>path:#_ftn3]] For national purposes, ranges should be established according to each country’s circumstances and needs. 317 317 318 318 **Code Designation** 319 319 ... ... @@ -335,7 +335,7 @@ 335 335 336 336 Classification of occupations 337 337 338 -International S tandard Classification of Occupations, IS CO-88[[ (% class="wikiinternallink" %)^^~[4~]^^>>path:#_ftn4]]336 +International S tandard Classification of Occupations, IS CO-88[[^^~[4~]^^>>path:#_ftn4]] 339 339 340 340 = (major groups and sub-major groups) = 341 341 ... ... @@ -344,8 +344,8 @@ 344 344 **1 Legislators, senior officials and managers** 345 345 346 346 1. Legislators and senior officials 347 -1. Corporate managers[[ (% class="wikiinternallink" %)^^~[5~]^^>>path:#_ftn5]]348 -1. General managers[[ (% class="wikiinternallink" %)^^~[6~]^^>>path:#_ftn6]]345 +1. Corporate managers[[^^~[5~]^^>>path:#_ftn5]] 346 +1. General managers[[^^~[6~]^^>>path:#_ftn6]] 349 349 350 350 **2 Professionals** 351 351 ... ... @@ -402,11 +402,11 @@ 402 402 403 403 Classification according to status in employment 404 404 405 -= International Classification of S tatus in Employment, ICS E-93[[ (% class="wikiinternallink" %)^^~[7~]^^>>path:#_ftn7]](%%)=403 += International Classification of S tatus in Employment, ICS E-93[[^^~[7~]^^>>path:#_ftn7]] = 406 406 407 407 The following text is an extract from the resolution concerning the International Classification of Status in Employment (ICSE) adopted by the Fifteenth International Conference of Labour Statisticians (Geneva, 1993): 408 408 409 - **II. The ICSE-93 groups **[[ (% class="wikiinternallink" %)^^~[8~]^^>>path:#_ftn8]]407 + **II. The ICSE-93 groups **[[^^~[8~]^^>>path:#_ftn8]] 410 410 411 411 4. The ICSE-93 consists of the following groups, which are defined in section III: 412 412 ... ... @@ -435,7 +435,7 @@ 435 435 436 436 Classification according to type of injury 437 437 438 -The following classification is based on the //International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems//, ICD-10.[[ (% class="wikiinternallink" %)^^~[9~]^^>>path:#_ftn9]](%%)The most serious injury or disease sustained or suffered by the victim should be classified. Where several injuries have been incurred, the most serious one should be classified. The coding given below does not correspond to that given in ICD-10, due to differences in structure.436 +The following classification is based on the //International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems//, ICD-10.[[^^~[9~]^^>>path:#_ftn9]] The most serious injury or disease sustained or suffered by the victim should be classified. Where several injuries have been incurred, the most serious one should be classified. The coding given below does not correspond to that given in ICD-10, due to differences in structure. 439 439 440 440 **Code Designation** 441 441 ... ... @@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ 450 450 451 451 (Including avulsions, lacerations, sprains, strains, traumatic haemarthroses, ruptures, subluxations and tears of joints and ligaments) 452 452 453 -1. 451 +1. 454 454 11. Dislocations and subluxations 455 455 11. Sprains and strains 456 456 1. **Traumatic amputations** ... ... @@ -491,7 +491,7 @@ 491 491 492 492 The following classification is based on the //International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related// 493 493 494 -//Health Problems//, ICD-10.[[ (% class="wikiinternallink" %)^^~[10~]^^>>path:#_ftn10]](%%)The groups relating to multiple locations should be used only to classify cases where the victim suffers from several injuries to different parts of the body and no injury is obviously more severe than the others. In order to designate the side of the body injured, a further digit may be added to the code for the part of body injured, where relevant, as follows:492 +//Health Problems//, ICD-10.[[^^~[10~]^^>>path:#_ftn10]] The groups relating to multiple locations should be used only to classify cases where the victim suffers from several injuries to different parts of the body and no injury is obviously more severe than the others. In order to designate the side of the body injured, a further digit may be added to the code for the part of body injured, where relevant, as follows: 495 495 496 496 1: right side 497 497 ... ... @@ -510,7 +510,7 @@ 510 510 11. Tooth, teeth 511 511 11. Other specified parts of facial area 512 512 513 -1. 511 +1. 514 514 11. Head, multiple sites affected 515 515 11. Head, other specified parts not elsewhere classified 1.9 Head, unspecified 516 516 1. **Neck, including spine and vertebrae in the neck **2.1 Spine and vertebrae ... ... @@ -520,7 +520,7 @@ 520 520 1. **Back, including spine and vertebrae in the back** 521 521 11. Spine and vertebrae 522 522 523 -1. 521 +1. 524 524 11. Back, other specified parts not elsewhere classified 525 525 11. Back, unspecified 526 526 1. **Trunk and internal organs** ... ... @@ -529,7 +529,7 @@ 529 529 11. Pelvic and abdominal area, including internal organs 530 530 11. External genitalia 531 531 532 -1. 530 +1. 533 533 11. Trunk, multiple sites affected 534 534 11. Trunk, other specified parts not elsewhere classified 535 535 11. Trunk and internal organs, unspecified ... ... @@ -550,7 +550,7 @@ 550 550 11. Foot 551 551 11. Toe(s) 552 552 553 -1. 551 +1. 554 554 11. Lower extremities, multiple sites affected 555 555 11. Lower extremities, other specified parts not elsewhere classified 556 556 11. Lower extremities, unspecified ... ... @@ -569,7 +569,7 @@ 569 569 570 570 [[~[2~]>>path:#_ftnref2]] For full details, see United Nations, Statistical Papers, Series M, No. 4, Rev. 3 (New York, UN doc. ST/ESA/STAT/SER.M/4/Rev. 3, 1990). 571 571 572 -[[~[3~]>>path:#_ftnref3]] For full details, see United Nations~:// 570 +[[~[3~]>>path:#_ftnref3]] For full details, see United Nations~:// International Recommendations for Industrial Statistics//, Statistical Papers, Series M, No. 48, Rev. 1 (New York, UN doc. ST/ESA/STAT/SER.M/48/Rev. 1, 1983). 573 573 574 574 [[~[4~]>>path:#_ftnref4]] For full details, see ILO //International Standard Classification of Occupations//: ISCO-88 (Geneva, 1990). 575 575 ... ... @@ -581,6 +581,6 @@ 581 581 582 582 [[~[8~]>>path:#_ftnref8]] For linguistic convenience the group titles and definitions have been formulated in a way which corresponds to the situation where each person holds only one job during the reference period. Rules for classifying persons with two or more jobs are given in section V. 583 583 584 -[[~[9~]>>path:#_ftnref9]] For full details, see WHO// 582 +[[~[9~]>>path:#_ftnref9]] For full details, see WHO// International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, ICD-10 //(Geneva, 1992). 585 585 586 586 [[~[10~]>>path:#_ftnref10]] For full details, see WHO //International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, ICD-10 //(Geneva, 1992).